PRACTICE SET 3

MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS

Name: Daphne Marris T. Neibla Date: 08/25/2021
College/Program: BS Architecture Time/Schedule: 12:3-1:30

D. Solve the following problems applying Polya’s Four-Step Problem-Solving strategy.

1. In an apartment complex, there are 5 windows in each apartment, and 9 apartments in each floor. How many

windows are there on 8 floors?

Step 1: Understand the problem

Determine how many windows are there in an 8-floor apartment complex when there are 9 apartments

on each floor and 5 windows in each apartment.

Step 2: Devise a plan

Let x be the number of windows; Let y be the number of apartments on a floor; Let z be the number of floors

Step 3: Carry out the plan

x ⋅ y ⋅ z=xyz ;(5)(9)(8)=360 , there are 360 windows in the apartment complex

Step 4: Look back (check and interpret)

If we divide 360 by the product of 8 windows in 9 apartments on each floor we will get the answer of 5

windows

So, 360 is the answer.

2. A bus route is 8 kilometers long. The bus does the route 6 times each day. How many miles will the bus drive in 6

days?

Step 1: Understand the problem

Determine how many miles the bus drives in 6 days of repeating an 8-kilometer route 6 times a day.

Step 2: Devise a plan

Multiply 8 kilometers and the value to how many times the bus takes the route in a day(6), then multiply to

6 days
 and convert the result to miles since the unit of the answer will be in miles

Step 3: Carry out the plan

8( 6)=48 ; 48(6)=288 km →178.955 miles The bus drives 178.955 miles in 6 days by repeating the

route.

Step 4: Look back (check and interpret)

If we multiply 6 routes per day to 6 days and the result will be divided to 288km then we will get the answer

of

8km, so, the answer is 288km converted to miles.

3. How many posts does it take to support a straight fence 200 meters long if a post is placed every 20 meters?

Step 1: Understand the problem

Determine the number of posts to support a 200-meter straight fence when posts are placed every 20

meters.

Step 2: Devise a plan

Simply divide the length of the straight fence(200) to the distance of post placements(20).

Step 3: Carry out the plan

200 ÷ 20=10 , 10 posts are needed to be placed every 20 meters to support a 200-meter straight fence.

Step 4: Look back (check and interpret)

If we get the product of 20m placement distance and 10 posts every placement distance, the result will be

200m

which is the height of the straight fence. So 10 is the answer.

4. How many posts does it take to support a fence around a square field measuring 200 meters on a side if posts are

placed every 20 meters?

Step 1: Understand the problem

Determine how many posts are needed to support a fence in a square field with 200 meters on each side
 when posts are to be placed every 20 meters.

Step 2: Devise a plan

First, find the perimeter area of the square by multiplying 4 sides and 200 meters per side and divide the

result by

20 meters.

Step 3: Carry out the plan

200 × 4=800 ; 800÷ 20=40 , 40 posts are needed to support a fence in a square field with a distance

of 20

meters every post.

Step 4: Look back (check and interpret)

If we multiply the 40 posts needed and a 20-meter distance for every post, the result is 800 which is the

total

perimeter area of the square. So, the answer is 40 posts.

11. The number of chickens and goats in a field totals 40. The total number of legs among them is 102. Assuming that

each chicken has exactly two legs and each goat has exactly four legs, determine how many chickens and how many

goats are in the field?

Step 1: Understand the problem

Determine how many goats and chickens are in the field.

Step 2: Devise a plan

Let x be the number of chickens

Let y be the number of goats, So, x + y = 40

Step 3: Carry out the plan

2x + 4y = 102 →2 represents chicken legs while 4 represents goats legs and a total of 102 legs
2 x+ 4 y=102
−2 x−2 y=−80
Used elimination method then we will have,
 2 y=22 → divide both sides by 2
y=11 → substitue ¿ the equation
x +11=40→ x=40−11 → x=29
Therefore, there are 11 goats and 29 chickens in the field.

Step 4: Look back (check and interpret)

If we add 29 chickens and 11 goats there will be a total of 40 animals in the field. And if we multiply 29

chickens by

2 legs plus the product of 11 goats and 4 legs, there will be a total of 102 legs, so 29 and 11 are the answers.

E. Solve the following logic puzzles.

1. Angelo is having a birthday with 6 of his family members. They are his grandmother, mother, aunt, brother, father,

and uncle. Their names in random order are Ben, Cathy, Danilo, Elena, Felisa, and Gerald. Look at the clues below to

discover the names of Angelo’s family members.

Clues:

1- Ben is not Angelo’s uncle.

2- Angelo’s grandmother’s name starts with E.

3- Gerald is not Angelo’s brother.

4- Cathy is not his aunt.

5- Angelo’s father’s name is Danilo.

Grandmother Mother Brother Father Aunt Uncle

Ben NO NO YES NO NO NO

Cathy NO YES NO NO NO NO

Danilo NO NO NO YES NO NO

Elena YES NO NO NO NO NO

Felisa NO NO NO NO YES NO

Gerald NO NO NO NO NO YES
So, Ben is Angelo’s brother, Cathy is his mother, and Danilo is his father, Elena is Angelo’s grandmother while Felisa

and Gerald are his aunt and uncle

2. Alex, Bret, Chris, Derek, Eddie, Fred, Greg, Harold, and John are nine students who live in a three-storey building,

with three rooms on each floor. A room in the west wing, one in the center, and one in the East wing. Each student is

assigned exactly one room. Can you find where each of their room is?

Clues:

1- Harold does not live on the bottom floor.

2- Fred lives directly above John and directly next to Bret (who lives in the West wing).

3- Eddie lives in the East wing and one floor higher than Fred.

4- Derek lives directly above Fred.

5- Greg lives directly above Chris.

1st-floor 1st floor 1st-floor 2nd-floor 2nd floor 2nd-floor 3rd-floor 3rd floor 3rd-floor
west wing center east wing west wing center east wing west wing center east wing

Alex Yes No No No No No No No No

Bret No No No Yes No No No No No

Chris No No Yes No No No No No No

Derek No No No No No No No Yes No

Eddie No No No No No No No No Yes

Fred No No No No Yes No No No No

Greg No No No No No Yes No No No

Harold No No No No No No Yes No No

John No Yes No No No No No No No

So, Alex lives on the 1st floor west wing, Bret is on the 2nd floor west wing, Chris is on the 1st floor east wing, Derek

is on the 3rd-floor center, Eddie is on the 3rd floor east wing, Fred is on the 2nd-floor center, Greg is on 2nd floor

east wing, Harold is on 3rd floor west wing, and John is on 1st floor in the building.
3. Each of four neighbors, Simon, Marissa, Susan, and Benjie, has a different occupation (editor, banker, chef, or

dentist). From the following clues, determine the occupation of each neighbor.

Clues:

1- Marissa gets home from work after the banker but before the dentist.

2- Susan, who is the last to get home from work, is not the editor.

3- The dentist and Susan leave for work at the same time.

4- The banker lives next door to Benjie.

EDITOR BANKER CHEF DENTIST

SIMON NO YES NO NO

MARISSA YES NO NO NO

SUSAN NO NO YES NO

BENJIE NO NO NO YES

So, Simon is a banker, Marissa is an editor, Susan is a chef, and Benjie is a dentist,

4. Brenda, Ruben, Tomas, and Alvin were recently elected as the new CSG officers (president, vice president,

secretary, treasurer) of the College of Arts and Sciences Education. From the following clues, determine which

position each holds.

Clues:

1- Alvin is younger than the president but older than the treasurer.

2- Brenda and the secretary are both the same age, and they are the youngest members of the group.

3-Tomas and the secretary are next-door neighbors.

PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT SECRETARY TREASURER

BRENDA NO NO NO YES

RUBEN NO NO YES NO
 TOMAS YES NO NO NO

ALVIN NO YES NO NO

So, Brenda is the treasurer, Ruben is the secretary, Tomas is the President, and Alvin is the Vice President.

5. Four HRM students namely: Charles, Debbie, Edgar, and Jeff were winners in Mindanao Culinary Contest. There was

a winner in each of four categories: soup, pastry, salad, and dessert. From the following clues, determine in which

category each student was the winner.

Clues:

1- The soups were judged before Edgar’s winning entry.

2- This year’s contest was the first for Debbie and for the winner in the dessert category. Charles and the winner of

the soup category entered last year’s contest.

3- The winning pastry took 2 hours to cook, whereas Debbie’s pastry required no cooking at all.

SOUP PASTRY SALAD DESSERT

CHARLES NO YES NO NO

DEBBIE NO NO YES NO

EDGAR NO NO NO YES

JEFF YES NO NO NO

So, Charles won the pastry category, Debbie won the salad category, while Edgar won the dessert category, and Jeff

won the soup category.

G. SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PATTERN PROBLEMS

1. At a birthday party, the first child receives 2 smiley stickers, the second child receives 4 smiley stickers, the third

child receives 8 smiley stickers, the fourth child receives 14 smiley stickers, and the fifth child receives 22 smiley

stickers. If this pattern continues, how many smiley stickers will the sixth child receive?
PATTERN: 2, 4, 8, 14, 22, ?

SOLUTION : let 2x be the added number to each smiley sticker that children receive.

1st child 2nd child 3rd child 4th child 5th child 6th child

2x 2(x-1) + 2 2(x-1) + 4 2(x-1) + 8 2(x-1) + 14 2(x-1) + 22

2(1) = 2 2(2-1) +2 = 4 2(3-1) +4 = 8 2(4-1) +8 = 14 2(5-1) + 14 = 22 2(6-1) + 22 = 32

EXPLANATION : Therefore, the 6th child will get 32 smiley stickers as the preceding child receives smiley stickers

that are added by even consecutive numbers.

2. Vanessa read 1 page on Tuesday, 4 pages on Wednesday, 16 pages on Thursday, and 64 pages on Friday. If this

pattern continues, how many pages will Vanessa read on Saturday?

PATTERN : 1, 4, 16, 64, ?

n
SOLUTION : a n=4 , where n is the nth number of pages per day and 4 is the common ratio.

Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

1 2 3 4
a 0=¿1 a 1=4 =4 a 2=4 =16 a 3=4 =64 a 4=4 =256

EXPLANATION : Therefore, Vanessa will read 256 pages on Saturday as the preceding number of pages she reads is

multiply by 4.

3. Michael got a new video game. He scored 43 points on the first level, 51 points on the second level, 59 points on

the third level, 67 points on the fourth level, and 75 points on the fifth level. If this pattern continues, how many

points will Michael score on the sixth level?

PATTERN : 43, 51, 59, 67, 75, ?

SOLUTION : a n=a n−1 +8 , where a n is the scored points and 8 is a common difference.

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6

a 0=43 43 1−1 +8=51 512−1+ 8=59 593−1 +8=67 67 4−1+ 8=75 755−1 +8=83
EXPLANATION : Therefore, Michael scored 83 points in level 6 on his new video game, as his previous scores were

added by 8 points in each level he played.

4. Susan is drawing stars in her notebook. She draws 5 stars on the first page, 15 stars on the second page, 45 stars

on the third page, and 135 stars on the fourth page. If this pattern continues, how many stars will Susan draw on the

fifth page?

PATTERN : 5, 15, 45, 135, ?

n−1
SOLUTION : a n=a1 (r)❑ , where n is the nth number of stars Susan draws per page and r is 3, the common ratio.

1st page 2nd page 3rd page 4th page 5th page

5(3)❑1−1=5 5(3)❑2−1=15 5(3)❑3−1=45 5(3)❑4−1=135 5(3)❑5−1=405

EXPLANATION : Therefore, on the 5th page of Susan’s notebook, she will be drawing 405 stars, as in her previous page

there is thrice a star on every page.

5. Panaderio Bakery is getting more and more orders for durian pies. The bakers made 6 durian pies in June, 12 durian

pies in July, 18 durian pies in August, and 24 durian pies in September. If this pattern continues, how many durian

pies will the bakery make in October?

PATTERN : 6, 12, 18, 24, ?

SOLUTION : a n=a n−1 +6 , where a n is the baked durian pies and 6 is a common difference.

June July August September October

a 0=6 61−1 +6=12 122−1+ 6=18 183−1 +6=24 24 4−1 +6=30

EXPLANATION : For every month starting June, the bakery will bake 30 durian pies in October, the durian pies every

month will be increased by 6 as shown in the pattern.