Blood & Blood Circulation

Learning Unit
CIRCULATORY
15
SYSTEM

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Structure of Human Heart
Raymond de viessens - first described
(1706)

Slightly tilted toward the left

Double walled membrane called
Pericardium
It contains lubricating Pericardial
Fluid.
Protects it from mechanical injuries

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Chambers of Heart

Heart
4 chambers
Upper chamber Lower chamber
Auricles (thin) Ventricles (thick)
Receiving chambers of blood Distributing chambers of blood

Right auricle Left auricle Right ventricle Left ventricle

Deoxygenated blood

Oxygenated blood

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Heart Chambers in Vertebrate Animals
Two chambered: Fishes

Three chambered: Amphibians

Incomplete four chambered: Reptiles

Four chambered: Aves, Mammals and Crocodiles (Reptile)

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 Septum
• Chambers are separated by
Septum,
• Septum prevents the mixing of
oxygenated and deoxygenated
blood.
• Two upper auricles separated by
“Inter Auricular Septum”.
• Two lower ventricles separated by
“Inter Auricular Septum”.
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Valves
• Valves are the muscular flaps
• Regulate the flow of blood in a
single direction
• Prevent back flow of blood
• Heart contains three types of
valves
• Right Atrioventricular Valve-
Tricuspid
• Left Atrioventricular Valve-
Bicuspid or Mitral Valve.
• Semilunar Valve-
05/11
 BLOOD VESSELS
ARTERIES VEINS CAPILLARIES

• Thick and elastic vessels
• Carry blood from the heart to
various organs of the body
• All arteries carry oxygenated
blood ,except the pulmonary
artery that carry deoxygenated
blood to the lungs
• Thin and non-elastic vessels
• Transport blood to the heart
from the different organs
• All veins carry deoxygenated
blood, except the pulmonary
vein which carry oxygenated
blood from the lungs to the
heart
• Narrow tubes formed by
branching of arterioles
• unite to form the venules and
veins
• 8 μm in diameter
• Capillaries are formed of single
layer of endothelial cells.

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Blood Circulation

Body parts Deoxygenated blood Superior venacava Right auricle 1

Inferior venacava

Right ventricle Deoxygenated blood Pulmonary artery Lungs 2

Lungs Oxygenated blood Four pulmonary veins Left auricle 3

Left ventricle Oxygenated blood Aorta Body parts 4

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Heart Beat & Sound
One complete contraction (systole) +
relaxation (diastole) = heartbeat
Normal heart beat 72 - 75 times per
minute
First sound - “Lubb” - longer duration -
closer of tricuspid & bicuspid valve
Second sound - “Dubb” - shorter
duration - closer of semilunar valve
Increased heart rate - Tachycardia
Decreased heart rate - Brachycardia

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TYPES OF CIRCULATION
OPEN-

CLOSE-

PULMONARY-

SYSTEMIC-

CORONARY-

SINGLE-

DOUBLE-

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QUESTION

Which chamber of the human gets oxygen rich blood from the lungs ?

a. Left Ventricle

b. Left Atrium

c. Right Ventricle

d. Right Atrium

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The blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the various parts of the body
are called:

(a) arteries

(b) Veins

(c) septum

(d) capillaries

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Which of the following carries blood from the heart to the kidneys?

a. Renal vein

b. Coronary artery

c. Vena cava

d. Renal artery

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The sino-artrialnode is located in the .

(a) bladder

(b) Heart

(c) brain

(d) stomach

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Crocodiles have heart chambers.

(a) three

(b) Four

(c) five

(d) two

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