Face, scalp, and parotid region (Lecture 6)

 Frontalis is not connected to the bone unlike the occipitalis which connects to
occipital and temporal bone, hence blood and pus cannot reach to the back of the
head and will be accumulated in the layers between the muscle and the bone where as
blood and pus can reach other areas in the frontalis.
 Emissary vein connects the dural sinuses to the connective tissue layer of the scalp
 Deep facial vein à Pterygoid plexus à Cavernous sinus (via foramen ovale)
 Buccal branch of facial nerve is for motor functions (such as buccinator), whereas the
buccal branch of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve is for sensation functions
 Cutaneous nerves on the lateral side of the parotid gland is from the cervical plexus.
 Posterior to the parotid gland, the retromandibular vein will be joined by the
posterior auricular vein to become the external jugular vein.
Temporal and infratemporal regions (Lecture 7)

 Infratemporal region defined laterally by the mandible and medially by the pterygoid
plates of sphenoid bone and neighbouring pharynx.
 Temporalis originate from the temporal fossa and then inserts onto the coronoid
process of the mandible
 Masseter originates from part of the zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch and insert
into the lateral aspect of the mandible
 Both lateral and medial pterygoid muscle have 2 heads or parts.
 Lateral pterygoid has an upper head and a lower head
 Medial pterygoid has a superficial head and a deeper head
 The articular disc in the temporomandibular synovial joint divides the joint cavity
into a superior and inferior part which is involved in separated movements of the TM
joint
 Maximum displacement/depression/opening of the mouth/mandible will cause the
head of the mandible to move from the mandibular fossa to the articular tubercle
 For displacement/depression greater than 15 degrees of opening of the mandible, the
lateral pterygoid would have to pull onto the head of the mandible until it aligns with
the articular tubercle
 The lateral pterygoid muscle would partially cover the trunk of the mandibular
division of trigeminal nerve
 The branching of the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve will provide motor
function to the 4 masticatory muscles (temporalis, masseter, 2 pterygoids)
 The buccal nerve from the mandibular trigeminal nerve is sensory, not to be confused
with buccal branch of facial nerve which is motor
 Nerve to mylohyoid branches from the inferior alveolar nerve and supply motor
innervation to the suprahyoid muscle (mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric)
 Mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor tympani and the soft palate
 Chorda tympani nerve contains taste fibres to the tongue and parasympathetic fibres
to the submandibular ganglion for salivary secretion
 Maxillary artery terminates into the pterygomaxillary fissure/pterygopalatine fossa as
the sphenopalatine artery and will end up in the nasal cavity through the
sphenopalatine foramen
 Maxillary artery also terminates as the infraorbital artery which goes into the
infraorbital fissure into the infraorbital groove. It supplies blood to the floor of the
orbit but also through maxilla bone to the maxillary sinus and roof of the oral cavity