Team Building

Skills
 ‰”‘—’‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•™‘”‹‰–‘‰‡–Š‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‘‘
‘„Œ‡…–‹˜‡ ‹• …ƒŽŽ‡† ƒ –‡ƒǤ ‡ƒ• ƒ”‡ ‘”ƒŽŽ›
ˆ‘”‡† –‘ ƒ……‘’Ž‹•Š …‘’Ž‹…ƒ–‡† ƒ† †‹ˆϐ‹…—Ž– –ƒ••Ǥ
Š ‡–†‡ƒ†Ž‹‡•–‘ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡–ƒ”‰‡–•
Š ”ƒ…–Š‡’”‘‰”‡••‘ƒ’‡”‹‘†‹…ƒŽ„ƒ•‹•
Š‡‡„‡”•‘ˆƒ–‡ƒ™Š‘…‘‡–‘‰‡–Š‡”•–”‹˜‡Šƒ”† Š –ƒ› Ž‡š‹„Ž‡–‘ƒ‡…Šƒ‰‡•™Š‡‡˜‡””‡“—‹”‡†
–‘ ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡ ƒ •‡– ‘ˆ ‘„Œ‡…–‹˜‡•Ǥ Š‡ –Š‡•‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•
™‘” ƒ• ƒ •‹‰Ž‡ —‹– –‘™ƒ”†• ƒ …‘‘ ’”‡†‡ϐ‹‡† Š ‹•…—••‡˜‡”›–Š‹‰™‹–Š–Š‡–‡ƒ
‰‘ƒŽǡƒ–‡ƒ‹•ˆ‘”‡†Ǥ
Š ƒ‡–Š‡‰‘ƒŽ•’—„Ž‹…
 ‘”†‡” –‘ ˆ‘” ƒ –‡ƒǡ –Š‡ ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ …ƒ’ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•
”‡“—‹”‡† ˆ‘” ƒ Ž‡ƒ†‡” ƒ”‡ –‡ƒ „—‹Ž†‹‰ •‹ŽŽ•Ǥ Š‡•‡ Role Assigning:
•‹ŽŽ•™‹ŽŽŠ‡Ž’–Š‡Ž‡ƒ†‡”ˆ‘”ƒ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹˜‡ǡ•—’’‘”–‹˜‡ Š‡‡š–•–‡’‹–Š‡’”‘…‡••‹•–‘ƒ••‹‰†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–”‘Ž‡•
ƒ†Š‹‰ŠŽ›ˆ—…–‹‘‹‰–‡ƒǤŠ‡„ƒ•‹…’—”’‘•‡‘ˆ–Š‡•‡ –‘–Š‡–‡ƒ‡„‡”•–‘ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡–Š‡‰‘ƒŽ•‡–Ǥƒ•‡†‘
•‹ŽŽ• ‹• –‘ •—’’‘”– –‡ƒ™‘” ƒ† –‡ƒ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ –Š‡”‘Ž‡ƒ••‹‰‡†–‘‡ƒ…Š‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ–‡ƒ‡„‡”ǡ–Š‡›
Š‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•–‡ƒ„—‹Ž†‹‰•‹ŽŽ•ƒ”‡ǣ •Š‘—Ž†„‡‰‹˜‡•’‡…‹ϐ‹…‰‘ƒŽ•ǤŠ‡Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‘—Ž†‡•—”‡
ͳǤ
‘ƒŽ‡––‹‰ –Šƒ– ƒŽŽ –Š‡ –‡ƒ ‡„‡”• ‘™ ƒ† —†‡”•–ƒ† –Š‡
ƒ••‹‰‡† ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡•Ǥ ƒ˜‹‰ …Ž‡ƒ” ”‘Ž‡• ƒ† ƒ
ʹǤ ‘Ž‡••‹‰‹‰ …Ž‡ƒ”‡†’‘‹–‹‹†ƒ˜‘‹†•…‘ˆ—•‹‘ƒ†‹…”‡ƒ•‡•
Šƒ”‘›™‹–Š‹–Š‡–‡ƒǤ
͵Ǥ ‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘
Communication:
ͶǤ ‹•–‡‹‰
‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ ‹• –Š‡ Ž‹ˆ‡Ž‹‡ ‘ˆ ƒ› •—……‡••ˆ—Ž
ͷǤ ‡ϐŽ‡…–‹‰ –‡ƒǤ Š‡ –Š‡ –‡ƒƒ–‡• ˆƒ‹Ž –‘ …‘—‹…ƒ–‡
͸Ǥ ƒ–…Šƒ‹‰ ™‹–Š ‡ƒ…Š ‘–Š‡”ǡ –Š‡ ™Š‘Ž‡ ‰”‘—’ ‰‡–• Šƒ†‹…ƒ’’‡†Ǥ
›…Š”‘‹•ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –‡ƒ …ƒ‘– ‘……—” ‹ˆ ‘‡ ’ƒ”–
͹Ǥ ”‘„Ž‡‘Ž˜‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰”‘—’ Šƒ• ‘ ‹†‡ƒ ƒ„‘—– ™Šƒ– –Š‡ ‘–Š‡” ’ƒ”– ‹•
™‘”‹‰‘Ǥ‡ƒ••Š‘—Ž†„‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘…‘—‹…ƒ–‡‘
ͺǤ ‡Ž‡‰ƒ–‹‰ –Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰ƒ•’‡…–•ǣ
ͻǤ
‹˜‹‰Ƭ
‡––‹‰ ‡‡†„ƒ… Š
‘ƒŽ•
ͳͲǤ ”‰ƒ‹œ‹‰ Š ‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡•
ͳͳǤ ‡•‘Ž˜‹‰‘ϐŽ‹…–• Š Ideas
Goal Setting: Š ”‘‰”‡••
Š‡’”‹ƒ”›–ƒ•‘ˆƒŽ‡ƒ†‡”‹•–‘†‡ϐ‹‡ƒ‰‘ƒŽƒ†ƒ’ Š ‡•—Ž–•
‘—–ƒ™ƒ›–‘‰‡–‡˜‡”›‘‡–Š‡”‡Ǥ‘”†‡”–‘•‡–ƒ‰‘ƒŽǡ
–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰•–‡’•ƒ›„‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†ǣ
‡‡† –‘ •–ƒ”– ™‹–Š –Š‡ †‡•‹”‡† ”‡•—Ž– ƒ† ™‘”
„ƒ…™ƒ”†•
Š ‡‡†–‘„‡•’‡…‹ϐ‹…ƒ„‘—––Š‡‡†”‡•—Ž–
Š Š‘‘•‡‡ƒ•—”ƒ„Ž‡–ƒ”‰‡–•
‘‡…‘—”ƒ‰‡‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ƒ‘‰–Š‡‰”‘—’
‡„‡”•ǡ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ†‡” ‡‡†• –‘ ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ” –‡ƒ
‡‡–‹‰•ǡ …”‡ƒ–‡ –‡ƒ …Šƒ‡Ž•ǡ ƒ† –ƒ‡ ‡…‡••ƒ”›
•–‡’•–‘„—‹Ž†–”—•–ƒ†•Šƒ”‡•‹ŽŽ•ƒ‘‰•––Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•Ǥ
Listening:
‹•–‡‹‰ ‹• ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‰”‡ƒ–‡•– –‡ƒ „—‹Ž†‹‰ •‹ŽŽ•ǡ
peveJejer-cee®e&, 2023 21
ƒ Ž‡ƒ†‡” ‡‡†• –‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’Ǥ ƒŽ‹‰ ƒ† Ž‹•–‡‹‰ ƒ”‡
‡“—ƒŽŽ›‹’‘”–ƒ––‡ƒ–”ƒ‹–•Ǥ‹–Š‘—–Ž‹•–‡‹‰•‹ŽŽ•ǡ
–‡ƒ• Œ—•– ƒ‡ ƒ Ž‘– ‘ˆ ‘‹•‡Ǥ ƒ… ‘ˆ Ž‹•–‡‹‰ …ƒ
Ž‡ƒ†–‘ˆ”—•–”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ›ƒ…‘™Ž‡†‰‹‰‹†‡ƒ•ƒ†ƒ‹‰
‡ˆˆ‘”–•–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†ǡƒŽ‡ƒ†‡”…ƒƒ˜‘‹†…‘ϐŽ‹…–™‹–Š‹
–Š‡–‡ƒƒ–Žƒ–‡”•–ƒ‰‡•Ǥ
†‹•…—••‡†ƒ•ƒ‰”‘—’ǡƒ†–Š‡–‡ƒ‡„‡”••Š‘—Ž†„‡
ƒŽŽ‘™‡†–‘†‹˜‹†‡–Š‡™‘”‡˜‡Ž›ƒ‘‰–Š‡‰”‘—’Ǥ
Giving & Getting Feedback:
 –‡ƒ Ž‡ƒ†‡” •Š‘—Ž† ƒŽ™ƒ›• ‡…‘—”ƒ‰‡ ˆ‡‡†„ƒ…Ǥ ‡
•Š‘—Ž† ƒŽ•‘ ƒ‡ •—”‡ –Šƒ– ‡˜‡”›‘‡ ‹ –Š‡ –‡ƒ ‰‡–•
‡ϐŽ‡…–‹‰ǣ ‡“—ƒŽ ‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡• –‘ ‰‹˜‡ ƒ† ”‡…‡‹˜‡ ˆ‡‡†„ƒ…Ǥ ˆ
–Š‡ –‡ƒ ‹• •–‹ŽŽ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‹‰ ‡ƒ…Š ‘–Š‡”ǯ• –”—•– ƒ† ‹•
Š‡™‘”‹‰‹ƒ–‡ƒǡ‡ƒ…Š‡„‡”•Š‘—Ž†‘™Š‹• ‘–›‡–”‡ƒ†›–‘•’‡ƒ…ƒ†‹†Ž›ǡ–Š‡–Š‡Ž‡ƒ†‡”‡‡†•
‘™•–”‡‰–Š•ƒ†™‡ƒ‡••‡•ƒ†Ž‡ƒ”–‘„‡Š‘‡•–Ǥ –‘ƒŽ™ƒ›••‘Ž‹…‹–ƒ‘›‘—•ˆ‡‡†„ƒ…ƒ††‡Ž‹˜‡”‹––‘
†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ •‡ŽˆǦƒ™ƒ”‡‡•• ‹• ‹’‘”–ƒ–ǡ ƒ– –Š‡ •ƒ‡
–‹‡–‡ƒ•ƒŽ•‘‡‡†–‘„‡…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹˜‡Ž›•‡ŽˆǦƒ™ƒ”‡Ǥ
—•–
ƒ•™‡ƒƒŽ›•‡‘—”•‡Ž˜‡•ƒ•’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡–‡ƒǡ™‡…ƒƒŽ•‘
ƒƒŽ›•‡–Š‡–‡ƒƒ•ƒ™Š‘Ž‡ǤŽŽ–‡ƒƒ–‡••Š‘—Ž†–ƒ‡
–‹‡–‘”‡ϐŽ‡…–‘–Š‡–‡ƒǯ••–”‡‰–Š•ƒ†™‡ƒ‡••‡•Ǥ
‡ŽˆǦƒ™ƒ”‡ –‡ƒ• ƒ…– ™‹–Š ‘”‡ ‹–‡‰”‹–› ƒ† •’‡ƒ
‘”‡ ‘’‡Ž›Ǥ ‡ϐŽ‡…–‹˜‡ –‡ƒ• ƒ”‡ „‡––‡” ‡“—‹’’‡† –‘
ƒ˜‘‹†…‘ϐŽ‹…–•ƒ†”‡ƒ…Š…‘’”‘‹•‡•Ǥ–‡ƒŽ‡ƒ†‡”
‡‡†•–‘„‡‘”‡”‡ϐŽ‡…–‹˜‡ˆ‘”Š‹•–‡ƒ–‘•—……‡‡†Ǥ
Matchmakingǣ
‡ƒ…Š‡’Ž‘›‡‡‹ƒ–ƒ…–ˆ—Ž™ƒ›Ǥ
Organizing:
”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ƒŽ•‹ŽŽ•ƒ”‡˜‹–ƒŽ–‡ƒ„—‹Ž†‹‰•‹ŽŽ•Ǥ‡ƒ
‡„‡”•Šƒ˜‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡––ƒ••ǡ†‡ƒ†Ž‹‡•ǡƒ†•…Š‡†—Ž‡•ǡ
ƒ†–Š‹‰•…ƒ‡ƒ•‹Ž›ˆƒŽŽ„›‹ˆ‘„‘†›–ƒ‡•–Š‡”‡‹•Ǥ
‘ –Š‡ Ž‡ƒ†‡” •Š‘—Ž† …”‡ƒ–‡ •›•–‡• –‘ ‘”‰ƒ‹œ‡ ƒ†
…‘‘”†‹ƒ–‡ ƒ‘‰•– –Š‡ –‡ƒ ‡„‡”•Ǥ Š‡ •ƒ‡
‡‡†•–‘„‡…‘—‹…ƒ–‡†–‘ƒŽŽ–Š‡–‡ƒ‡„‡”••‘
–Šƒ–‡˜‡”›‘‡‹–Š‡–‡ƒ‘™•™Š‡”‡–‘’‘•–ƒ†Ž‘‘
ˆ‘””‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘™Š‡‹‡‡†Ǥ
 ƒ ’ƒ”–› –Š‡ Š‘•–• ‘”ƒŽŽ› ‹–”‘†—…‡ ‰—‡•–• ƒ†
‡…‘—”ƒ‰‡ƒ––‡†‡‡•–‘‹‰Ž‡ǡ•‘–Šƒ––Š‡’ƒ”–›†‘‡• ‡•‘Ž˜‹‰‘ϐŽ‹…–ǣ
‘–‰‡–„‘”‹‰Ǥ–Š‡•ƒ‡™ƒ›ƒŽ‡ƒ†‡”‡‡†•–‘ˆ‘•–‡” ‘ϐŽ‹…– ‹ ƒ –‡ƒ ‹• —ƒ˜‘‹†ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ ‡…‡ǡ ‘ϐŽ‹…–
”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•ƒ‘‰–‡ƒ‡„‡”•–‘ƒ‡–Š‡’”‘Œ‡…– ”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘ ‹• ƒ‘–Š‡” ‹’‘”–ƒ– –‡ƒ „—‹Ž†‹‰ •‹ŽŽǤ
•—……‡••ˆ—ŽǤ ƒ–…Šƒ‹‰ ‹• ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘•– ‡••‡–‹ƒŽ
‹–‡”’‡”•‘ƒŽ •‹ŽŽ• ˆ‘” –‡ƒ „—‹Ž†‡”•Ǥ  –”—‡ Ž‡ƒ†‡”
‡‡†• –‘ ”‡…‘‰‹œ‡ •‹ŽŽ•ǡ –”ƒ‹–•ǡ ƒ† ’ƒ––‡”• ™‹–Š‹
”‡ƒ––‡ƒ•†‘‘–ƒ˜‘‹†…‘ϐŽ‹…–
–‡ƒ•ǡƒ†—•‡–Š‹•–”ƒ‹––‘Ž‹‡„‡”•–‘‰‡–Š‡”‹–‘
™‹‹‰…‘„‹ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
Problem Solving:
‹•ƒ‰”‡‡‡–‹•‘–ƒŽ™ƒ›•ƒ„ƒ†–Š‹‰Ǥ–‡ƒ•–Šƒ–
–Š‡ –‡ƒ ‹• ’ƒ••‹‘ƒ–‡ ƒ† ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ …‘•‹†‡” †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
ƒ‰Ž‡•‘ˆ–Š‡’”‘„Ž‡Ǥ
ƒŽ–‘‰‡–Š‡”ǡ „—– –Š‡› ‘™ Š‘™ –‘ Šƒ†Ž‡ –Š‡ •ƒ‡
‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡Ž›™Š‡‹–ƒ”‹•‡•ǤŽ‡ƒ†‡”ǯ•”‘Ž‡‹–Š‹•ƒ•’‡…–‹•
–‘ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‡–Š‡”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘ƒ‘‰•––Š‡–‡ƒ‡„‡”•
‹ƒ‘”‡‡ˆϐ‹…‹‡–ƒ‡”Ǥ
”‘„Ž‡•‘Ž˜‹‰‹•ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ––‡ƒ„—‹Ž†‹‰•‹ŽŽǤƒ
‰”‘—’•‡––‹‰ǡ’”‘„Ž‡•‘Ž˜‹‰‡ƒ•†‹•…—••‹‰‹••—‡•
ƒ† „”ƒ‹•–‘”‹‰ ”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•Ǥ Š‡ –‡ƒ• —‹–‡ –‘
–ƒ…Ž‡…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ǡ‘‘‡’‡”•‘„‡ƒ”•–Š‡„—”†‡ƒŽ‘‡Ǥ
ŽŽ ‰”‘—’ ‡„‡”• ƒƒŽ›•‡ ƒ ’”‘„Ž‡ ƒ† ’”‘’‘•‡
•‘Ž—–‹‘•Ǥ ‡ƒ ‡„‡”• •Šƒ”‡ ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–› ˆ‘” –Š‡
‡† ”‡•—Ž–Ǥ ‘”‹‰ –‘‰‡–Š‡” ”‡“—‹”‡• ƒ Ž‘– ‘ˆ –”—•–Ǥ
 ‰”‡ƒ– Ž‡ƒ†‡” ‹• ‘‡ ™Š‘ ™‘”• ™‡ŽŽ ™‹–Š ‘–Š‡”• Ȃ
„‘–Š ™‹–Š‹ Š‹• ‘” Š‡” ‘™ †‡’ƒ”–‡– ƒ† ƒ…”‘••
†‡’ƒ”–‡–• Ȃ ™Š‘ …ƒ Š‡Ž’ •’”‡ƒ† ‘™Ž‡†‰‡ ƒ†
”‡•‘—”…‡•ǡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ ‡™ Ž‡ƒ†‡”• ƒ† …‘–”‹„—–‡ –‘ –Š‡
‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘ǯ••—……‡••Ǥ‡ƒ†‡”•…ƒ†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡•–”‘‰
–‡ƒ„—‹Ž†‹‰•‹ŽŽ•„›’”‘‘–‹‰…‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡƒ…–‹‰
†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ™‘”‡”• •Š‘—Ž† ‘™ –‘ ”‡ƒ…Š ‘—– –‘ –Š‡ ƒ• ‡–‘”• ‘” …‘ƒ…Š –Š‡‹” ‡’Ž‘›‡‡• ƒ† ‡’‘™‡”
–‡ƒˆ‘”Š‡Ž’Ǥ–‡ƒ‹•ƒ‰”‡ƒ–”‡•‘—”…‡ƒ†•—’’‘”– –Š‡‹”–‡ƒ‡„‡”•–‘Ž‡ƒ”ǡ‰”‘™ƒ†ƒ†˜ƒ…‡Ǥ
”‡ƒ–
•›•–‡ǤŽ‡ƒ†‡”‡‡†•–‘‡…‘—”ƒ‰‡Š‹•–‡ƒ‡„‡”• Ž‡ƒ†‡”• –ƒ‡ ”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–› ‘ˆ „”‹‰‹‰ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ
–‘„”ƒ‹•–‘”–‘‰‡–Š‡”ˆ‘”‡ˆϐ‹…‹‡–’”‘„Ž‡•‘Ž˜‹‰Ǥ ‡’Ž‘›‡‡• –‘‰‡–Š‡” ƒ• ƒ …‘Š‡•‹˜‡ –‡ƒǤ  ˆƒ…–ǡ –Š‡
ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘„—‹Ž†–‡ƒ•‹•ƒ˜ƒŽ—ƒ„Ž‡Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’“—ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ
Delegating:
‡Ž‡‰ƒ–‹‰ ‹• –”—‡ …‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹‘ •‹ŽŽǤ  ‰”‡ƒ– Ž‡ƒ†‡”
–‡ƒ…Š‡• Š‹• –‡ƒ• –‘ •‡ŽˆǦ†‡Ž‡‰ƒ–‡Ǥ ‡ •Š‘—Ž† ƒ••‡••
–Š‡•‹ŽŽ•‡–•‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ–‡ƒ‡„‡”•ǡ–Š‡…—””‡–
™‘”Ž‘ƒ†ƒ†•Š‘—Ž†ƒ••‹‰–ƒ••ƒ……‘”†‹‰Ž›ǤŠ‡–‡ƒ R. Narayanan
‡„‡”••Š‘—Ž†ƒŽ•‘„‡ƒŽŽ‘™‡†•‘‡•‘”–‘ˆϐŽ‡š‹„‹Ž‹–› 6WDႇ&ROOHJH%HQJDOXUX
–‘ …Žƒ‹ ’”‘Œ‡…–•Ǥ Ž–‹ƒ–‡Ž›ǡ –Š‡ ™‘”Ž‘ƒ† •Š‘—Ž† „‡

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ieesheeue oeme `veerjpe' keÀe pevce 04 peveJejer, 1925 keÀes GÊej he´oMs e jep³e
kesÀ FìeJee efpeues kesÀ he´Keb[ censJee kesÀ efvekeÀì hegjeJeueer ieeBJe ceW ngDee Lee.
GvekesÀ efheleepeer keÀe veece yeeyet ye´peefkeÀMeesj mekeÌmesvee Lee. cee$e 06 Je<e& keÀer
Dee³eg ceW GvekesÀ efheleepeer iegpej ieS. Je<e& 1942 ceW Sìe mes neF& mketÀue hejer#ee
he´Lece ÞesCeer ceW GÊeerCe& keÀer. GvneWves Meg©Deele ceW FìeJee keÀer keÀ®enjer ceW kegÀí
mece³e ìbkeÀkeÀ kesÀ ªhe ceW keÀece efkeÀ³ee GmekesÀ yeeo efmevesceeIej keÀer SkeÀ ogkeÀeve
KHM YHHZNHžMHU NHžHU XHF\HHU \HVMHV|HLHHMHU NHVž \HHR HIRXXHHU SHHNHžM PH+HžH)  HI-H<HHLH
ceW hegveë ìbkeÀkeÀ keÀer veewkeÀjer keÀj ueer. JeneB mes veewkeÀjer ítì peeves kesÀ he½eele
GvneWves keÀevehegj kesÀ [er.S.Jeer keÀe@uespe ceW efkeÀjeveer keÀer veewkeÀjer keÀer. FmekesÀ
he½eele yeeukeÀì ye´ome& veece keÀer SkeÀ he´eFJesì keÀcheveer ceW heeB®e Je<e& lekeÀ ìbkeÀkeÀ
kesÀ ªhe ceW keÀece efkeÀ³ee. Jes ye®eheve mes ner yengle cesOeeJeer Les efpemekeÀe heefjCeece
ngDee efkeÀ veewkeÀjer keÀjves kesÀ meeLe Jes he´eFJesì hejer#eeSB oskeÀj meved 1949
ceW FCìjceere[f Sì, 1951 ceW mveelekeÀ Deewj 1953 ceW he´Lece ÞesCeer ceW efnvoer
meeefnl³e mes mveelekeÀesÊej GÊeerCe& efkeÀ³ee.
GvneWves cesjþ keÀe@uespe, cesjþ ceW efnvoer he´JeÊeÀe kesÀ heo hej kegÀí mece³e
lekeÀ DeO³eeheve keÀe³e& Yeer efkeÀ³ee efkeÀvleg ceneefJeÐeeue³e he´Meemeve Üeje Gve hej
keÀ#eeSB ve uesves Je jesceebme keÀjves kesÀ Deejeshe ueieeS ieS efpememes kegÀefhele neskeÀj
veerjpe ves mJe³eb ner veewkeÀjer mes l³eeiehe$e os efo³ee. GmekesÀ yeeo Jes Deueerieæ{ kesÀ
Oece& meceepe keÀe@uespe ceW efnvoer efJeYeeie kesÀ he´eO³eehekeÀ efve³egÊeÀ nes ieS Deewj
cewefjme jes[ pevekeÀhegjer Deueerieæ{ ceW mLee³eer DeeJeeme yeveekeÀj jnves ueies.
keÀefJe meccesueveeW ceW Deheej ueeskeÀefhe´³elee kesÀ ®eueles veerjpe keÀes yecyeF& (DeYeer
cegbyeF&) kesÀ efHeÀuce peiele ves ieerlekeÀej kesÀ ªhe ceW veF& Gce´ keÀer veF& HeÀmeue
kesÀ ieerle efueKeves keÀe efvecev$eCe efo³ee efpemes GvneWves men<e& mJeerkeÀej keÀj
efue³ee. henueer ner ef]HeÀuce ceW GvekesÀ efueKes kegÀí ieerle pewmes ’keÀejJeeB iegpej
ie³ee iegyeej osKeles jns“ Deewj ’osKeleer ner jnes Deepe ohe&Ce ve legce, h³eej
keÀe ³en cegntjle efvekeÀue peeSiee“ yesno ueeskeÀefhe´³e ngS efpemekeÀe heefjCeece
³en ngDee efkeÀ Jes yecyeF& ceW jnkeÀj ef]HeÀuceeW kesÀ efueS ieerle efueKeves ueies.
efHeÀuceeW ceW ieerle uesKeve keÀe efmeueefmeuee peejer jne. Fmeer ¬eÀce ceW GvneWves
’cesje veece peeskeÀj“, ’Meceeaueer“ Deewj ’he´sce hegpeejer“ pewmeer DeveskeÀ
®ee|®ele efHeÀuceeW ceW keÀF& Je<eeX lekeÀ ieerle efueKes leLee efHeÀuce peiele ceW Deheveer
Deueie hen®eeve yeveeF&. efkeÀvleg yecyeF& keÀer ef]pevoieer mes Yeer GvekeÀe ceve yengle
peuo ner G®eì ie³ee Deewj Jes efHeÀuce veiejer keÀes DeueefJeoe keÀnkeÀj efHeÀj
Deueerieæ{ Jeeheme ueewì DeeS.
Deheves yeejs ceW GvekeÀe ³en Mesj Deepe Yeer cegMee³ejeW ceW HeÀjceeFMe kesÀ meeLe
megvee peelee nw:
Fleves yeoveece ngS nce lees Fme ]peceeves ceW,
ueieWieer DeehekeÀes meefo³eeB nceW Yegueeves ceW.
ve heerves keÀe meueerkeÀe ve efheueeves keÀe MeTj,
Ssmes Yeer ueesie ®eues Dee³es nQ ce³eKeeves ceW.
efnvoer meeefnl³ekeÀej mevoYe& keÀesMe kesÀ Devegmeej veerjpe keÀer keÀeue¬eÀceevegmeej
he´keÀeefMele ke=Àefle³eeB Fme he´keÀej nQ:
mebIe<e& (1944), DevleOJe&efve (1946), efJeYeeJejer (1948), he´eCeieerle
(1951), oo& efo³ee nw (1956), yeeoj yejme ie³ees (1957), cegÊeÀkeÀer
(1958), oes ieerle (1958), veerjpe keÀer heeleer (1958), ieerle Yeer Deieerle
Yeer (1959), DeemeeJejer (1963), veoer efkeÀveejs (1963), uenj hegkeÀejs
(1963), keÀejJeeB iegpej ie³ee (1964), efHeÀj oerhe peuesiee (1970),
legcnejs efue³es (1972), veerjpe keÀer ieereflekeÀeSB (1987)
hegjmkeÀej SJeb mecceeveë ieesheeueoeme veerjpe keÀes keÀF& hegjmkeÀej Je mecceeve
he´ehle ngS, pees efvecveefueefKele nQ.
efJeée Got& heefj<eo hegjmkeÀej, he¨e Þeer mecceeve (1991), Yeejle mejkeÀej,
³eMe Yeejleer SJeb SkeÀ ueeKe ©he³es keÀe hegjmkeÀej (1994), GÊej he´osMe
efnvoer mebmLeeve, ueKeveT, he¨e Yet<eCe mecceeve (2007), Yeejle mejkeÀej,
efHeÀuce HesÀ³ej hegjmkeÀej.
ieesheeueoeme veerjpe keÀes ef]HeÀuce peiele ceW meJe&Þesÿ ieerle uesKeve kesÀ efueS
meved 1970 kesÀ oMekeÀ ceW ueieeleej leerve yeej hegjmkeÀej kesÀ efueS veeceebefkeÀle
efkeÀ³ee ie³ee- 1970: keÀeue keÀe heefn³ee Ietces js YeF³ee (ef]HeÀuce: ®eboe Deewj
efyepeueer), 1971: yeme ³ener DehejeOe ceQ nj yeej keÀjlee ntB (ef]HeÀuce:
hen®eeve), 1972: S YeeF&! ]peje osKe kesÀ ®euees (ef]HeÀuce: cesje veece peeskeÀj)
eEnoer keÀeJ³e peiele kesÀ OeǵJeleeje, efHeÀuceer ogefve³ee kesÀ he´efme× ieerlekeÀej he¨e Þeer
SJeb he¨e Yet<eCe mes mecceeefvele keÀefJe, ieerlekeÀej ieesheeueoeme `veerjpe' ves efouueer
kesÀ Scme ceW 19 pegueeF& 2018 keÀer Meece ueieYeie 8 yepes Deeqvlece meebme ueer.
Deepe veerjpe nceejs yeer®e veneR jns hejbleg GvekeÀer j®eveeSb nceW ceb$ecegiOe keÀjleer
nQ. Deepe Yeer nce GvekesÀ efueKes ieerle iegveiegveeves kesÀ efueS cepeyetj nes peeles nQ.
GvekeÀer uesKeveer ceW Jen leekeÀle Leer efkeÀ Meyo mes meerOes efJe<e³e hej he´nej neslee
Lee. Jes nce meyekesÀ efueS meowJe heśjCee kesÀ ñeesle jnWies.
jefJevesMe kegÀceej
#es. keÀe., heìvee
peveJejer-cee®e&, 2023 23
 he´efle³eesefieleeȀContest - 165

HeÀesìes - efoJ³ee Dees

Deb®eue keÀe³ee&ue³e, yeWieuet©

mueesieve efueKeW / Write a Slogan

ke̳ee ³en lemJeerj DeehekeÀes keÀuhevee keÀer Gæ[eve Yejves ³ee Deheveer YeeJeveeDeeW keÀes
DeefYeJ³eÊeÀ keÀjves kesÀ efueS he´sefjle keÀj jner nw? lees efHeÀj Fblepeej kewÀmee? HeÀewjve
Deheves keÀer-yees[& hej Gbieefue³eeB ®eueevee Meg© keÀjW Deewj Fme lemJeerj mes mebyebefOele
yeefæ{³ee-mee mueesieve, SkeÀ ³ee oes hebefÊeÀ³eeW ceW efueKekeÀj #es$e kesÀ mebJeeooelee keÀes
F&cesue keÀjW.
‘‡•–Š‹•’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Šϐ‹”‡›‘—”‹ƒ‰‹ƒ–‹‘‘”•’‘–ƒ‡‘—•Ž›
‹•’‹”‡›‘—–‘‡š’”‡••›‘—”ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•ǫŠ‡™Šƒ–ƒ”‡›‘—™ƒ‹–‹‰
ˆ‘”ǫ–ƒ”–‡›‹‰‹ƒ†‡ƒ‹Žƒ•—’‡”„ǡ•Ž‘‰ƒ‹‘‡‘”–™‘
Ž‹‡•”‡Žƒ–‹‰–‘–Š‡’Š‘–‘‰”ƒ’Š–‘–Š‡…‘””‡•’‘†‡–‘ˆ›‘—”
‡‰‹‘Ǥ

meYeer mebJeeooelee Deheves #es$e mes he´ehle he´efJeefä³eeW keÀes mecesefkeÀle keÀj efo. 20.06.2023 ŽŽ …‘””‡•’‘†‡–• ƒ”‡ ”‡“—‡•–‡† –‘ …‘•‘Ž‹†ƒ–‡ –Š‡ ‡–”‹‡•
lekeÀ nceejs F&-cesue DeeF&[er —‹‘†Šƒ”ƒ̷—‹‘„ƒ‘ϐ‹†‹ƒǤ„ƒ ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ‡‰‹‘ ƒ† •‡† –Š‡ –‘ ‘—” ‡ƒ‹Ž ‹† —‹‘†Šƒ”ƒ̷
hej he´sef<ele keÀjW. —‹‘„ƒ‘ϐ‹†‹ƒǤ„ƒ„›ʹͲǤͲ͸ǤʹͲʹ͵Ǥ
Š‡•Ž‘‰ƒ…ƒ„‡•‡–‹‰Ž‹•Š‘”‹†‹Ǥ‘–Š–Š‡…ƒ–‡‰‘”‹‡•
mueesieve Debie´speer ³ee eEnoer ceW Yespee pee mekeÀlee nw. oesveeW ÞesefCe³eeW kesÀ efueS Deueie- •ŠƒŽŽ „‡ ”‡™ƒ”†‡† •‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡Ž›Ǥ Ž‡ƒ•‡ ‘–‡ –Šƒ– –Š‹• …‘–‡•– ‹•
Deueie hegjmkeÀej jKes ieS nQ. ke=Àhe³ee veesì keÀjW efkeÀ ³en he´efle³eesefielee yeQkeÀ kesÀ ‘’‡ ‘Ž› ˆ‘” –Š‡ •–ƒˆˆ ‡„‡”• ’”‡•‡–Ž› ‹ •‡”˜‹…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡
mesJeejle keÀee|cekeÀeW kesÀ efueS ner nw. ƒǤ
nceejs mlej hej ®e³eefvele Glke=Àä eEnoer Deewj Debie´s]peer mueesieveeW keÀes heefjhe$e ‡•– ‹†‹ ƒ† ‰Ž‹•Š •Ž‘‰ƒ• •‡Ž‡…–‡† ƒ– ‘—” ‡† •ŠƒŽŽ „‡
¬eÀceebkeÀ 7869 efoveebkeÀ 19.12.2022 kesÀ Devegmeej hegjmke=Àle efkeÀ³ee peeSiee. ”‡™ƒ”†‡†‹–‡”•‘ˆ…‹”…—Žƒ”‘͹ͺ͸ͻ†ƒ–‡†ͳͻǤͳʹǤʹͲʹʹǤ
peuoer keÀjW, he´efJeefä³eeB he´ehle keÀjves keÀer Debeflece efleefLe 20 petve, 2023 nw. —””›ƒ•ǡ–Š‡Žƒ•–†ƒ–‡–‘”‡…‡‹˜‡‡–”‹‡•‹•ʹͲ–Š —‡ǡʹͲʹ͵Ǥ

³etefve³eve Oeeje he´efle³eesefielee ¬eÀceebkeÀ 164 - `keÀefJelee efueKeW'

hegjmkeÀej efnvoer KeC[ Debie´speer KeC[
he´Lece efveefMe efmevne #es. keÀe. yeWieuet© (oef#eCe) DeVehetCee& kesÀ kegÀceej #es. keÀe. yeWieuet© (oef#eCe)
efÜleer³e Meerleue jeþewj, #es. keÀe., Fvoewj ÞeerkeÀuee yeer, #es. keÀe. SCee&kegÀuece
le=leer³e DeefceleeYe DemLeevee, keWÀ. keÀe. cegbyeF& Debpeg, #es. keÀe. efle©Jevevlehegjce
he´eslmeenve Decej Mecee&, keWÀ. keÀe. cegbyeF& meyejer megkegÀceejve vee³ej #es. keÀe. efle©Jevevlehegjce

24 ³etefve³eve Oeeje
Increasing
Dominance of the
Indian Rupee In
International Markets

 Š‡ †‹ƒ ”—’‡‡ ȋȌ Šƒ• Ž‘‰ „‡‡ …‘•‹†‡”‡†

ƒ ‹‘” …—””‡…› ‘ –Š‡ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ •–ƒ‰‡ǡ „—– ”‡…‡–
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–••—‰‰‡•––Šƒ––Š‡…—””‡…›ƒ›„‡‰ƒ‹‹‰
—„‡”‘ˆ…‘—–”‹‡•™Š‡”‡†‹ƒϐ‹”•…ƒ”ƒ‹•‡ˆ—†•
–Š”‘—‰Š š–‡”ƒŽ ‘‡”…‹ƒŽ ‘””‘™‹‰• ȋ•Ȍ ƒ†
Šƒ•ƒŽ•‘”‡Žƒš‡†–Š‡”—Ž‡•‘–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ†‹ƒ…—””‡…›
’”‘‹‡…‡Ǥ Š‡ —’‡‡̵• ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰ †‘‹ƒ…‡ ‹ ˆ‘” –”ƒ†‡ –”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘•Ǥ Š‡•‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡• Šƒ˜‡ Š‡Ž’‡†
–Š‡ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ”‡– ‹• ƒ––”‹„—–‡† –‘ ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ –Š‡ —’‡‡̵• ƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
ˆƒ…–‘”••—…Šƒ•–Š‡‰”‘™–Š‘ˆ–Š‡†‹ƒ‡…‘‘›ǡ–Š‡ ƒ”‡–Ǥ
‰‘˜‡”‡–̵• ’‘Ž‹…› ‡ƒ•—”‡• ƒ† –Š‡ …—””‡…›̵•
Š‡  Šƒ• •‹‰‡† …—””‡…› •™ƒ’ ƒ‰”‡‡‡–• ™‹–Š
•–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ•†‹ƒ…‘–‹—‡•–‘‰”‘™‹‡…‘‘‹…’‘™‡”ǡ
•‡˜‡”ƒŽ …‘—–”‹‡•ǡ ƒŽŽ‘™‹‰ ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ 
–Š‡  ‹• ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰Ž› „‡‹‰ —•‡† ‹ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
ˆ‘” ˆ‘”‡‹‰ …—””‡…‹‡•Ǥ Š‡ ‰‘˜‡”‡– Šƒ• ƒŽ•‘
–”ƒ†‡ ƒ† ‹˜‡•–‡– ƒ† –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ‹†‹…ƒ–‹‘• –Šƒ–
”‡Žƒš‡† ”‡•–”‹…–‹‘• ‘ –Š‡ —•‡ ‘ˆ  ‹ …”‘••Ǧ„‘”†‡”
–Š‡…—””‡…›…‘—Ž†„‡…‘‡ƒƒŒ‘”’Žƒ›‡”‹–Š‡‰Ž‘„ƒŽ
–”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘•ǡ ƒ‹‰ ‹– ‡ƒ•‹‡” ˆ‘” „—•‹‡••‡• ƒ†
ϐ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽ•›•–‡Ǥ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•–‘…‘†—…–‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘•—•‹‰
Š‡ ‰‘˜‡”‡– Šƒ• ‹–”‘†—…‡† ’‘Ž‹…‹‡• –‘ ’”‘‘–‡ Ǥ
ˆ‘”‡‹‰‹˜‡•–‡–ǡ”‡†—…‡–Š‡ϐ‹•…ƒŽ†‡ϐ‹…‹–ƒ†‡Šƒ…‡ ‘–Š‡” ˆƒ…–‘” …‘–”‹„—–‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ̵• ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰
‡…‘‘‹… •–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ Š‡•‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡• Šƒ˜‡ Š‡Ž’‡† „—‹Ž† ‹’‘”–ƒ…‡‹•†‹ƒ̵••–ƒ–—•ƒ•ƒƒŒ‘”‡š’‘”–‡”Ǥ•‘‡
‹˜‡•–‘” …‘ϐ‹†‡…‡ ‹ –Š‡ †‹ƒ ƒ”‡– ƒ† „‘‘•–‡† ‘ˆ–Š‡™‘”Ž†̵•Žƒ”‰‡•–’”‘†—…‡”•‘ˆ‰‘‘†•ƒ†•‡”˜‹…‡•ǡ
–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ–Š‡—’‡‡‹–Š‡‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡–Ǥ †‹ƒŠƒ•ƒ•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ–’”‡•‡…‡‹–Š‡‰Ž‘„ƒŽ‡…‘‘›
Š‡ …‘—–”›̵• ”‘„—•– ‡…‘‘‹… ’‡”ˆ‘”ƒ…‡ ƒ† ƒ†ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡•‡–”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘•ƒ”‡…‘†—…–‡†‹Ǥ
‰”‘™‹‰ ‹††Ž‡ …Žƒ•• Šƒ˜‡ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡† †‘‡•–‹… †‹ƒ ‹• ƒŽ•‘ ƒ––”ƒ…–‹‰ ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰ ƒ‘—–• ‘ˆ ˆ‘”‡‹‰
…‘•—’–‹‘ ƒ† ‹˜‡•–‡–•ǡ ƒ––”ƒ…–‹‰ ˆ‘”‡‹‰ ‹˜‡•–‡–Ǥ ‘”‡‹‰…‘’ƒ‹‡•ƒ”‡‹˜‡•–‹‰‹†‹ƒ
‹˜‡•–‘”• –‘ –Š‡ †‹ƒ ƒ”‡–Ǥ Š‹• Šƒ• ”‡•—Ž–‡† ‹ ƒ „—•‹‡••‡•ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ †‹ƒ ϐ‹”• ƒ”‡ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ ‘˜‡”•‡ƒ•Ǥ
Š‹‰Š‡” †‡ƒ† ˆ‘” –Š‡ —’‡‡ǡ –Š‡”‡„› „‘‘•–‹‰ ‹–• Š‹•–”‡†Šƒ•Ž‡†–‘ƒ‹…”‡ƒ•‡‹–Š‡—•‡‘ˆˆ‘”
˜ƒŽ—‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ”‡–Ǥ • ƒ ”‡•—Ž–ǡ –Š‡”‡ ‹• ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ϐ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽ –”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘•ǡ ƒ• ‹˜‡•–‘”• •‡‡
ƒ ‰”‘™‹‰ †‡ƒ† ˆ‘” –Š‡ …—””‡…› ‹ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ –‘ ƒ˜‘‹† –Š‡ …‘•–• ƒ† ”‹•• ƒ••‘…‹ƒ–‡† ™‹–Š …—””‡…›
ƒ”‡–•ǡ ƒ• „—›‡”• •‡‡ –‘ ’ƒ› ˆ‘” †‹ƒ ‰‘‘†• ƒ† …‘˜‡”•‹‘Ǥ
•‡”˜‹…‡•—•‹‰Ž‘…ƒŽ…—””‡…›Ǥ
‘–Š‡” ˆƒ…–‘” …‘–”‹„—–‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ̵• ‰”‘™‹‰
 ”‡…‡– ›‡ƒ”•ǡ –Š‡ ‡•‡”˜‡ ƒ ‘ˆ †‹ƒ ȋȌ Šƒ• ‹’‘”–ƒ…‡‹•†‹ƒ̵•”‹•‡ƒ•ƒ”‡‰‹‘ƒŽ‡…‘‘‹…’‘™‡”Ǥ
ƒŽ•‘ –ƒ‡ ‡ƒ•—”‡• –‘ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ –Š‡ —’‡‡̵• —•‡ ‹ †‹ƒ‹•‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰Ž›’Žƒ›‹‰ƒŽ‡ƒ†‹‰”‘Ž‡‹‘—–Š•‹ƒ
‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ –”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘•Ǥ Š‡  Šƒ• ‹…”‡ƒ•‡† –Š‡ ”‡‰‹‘̵•‡…‘‘‹…†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Ǥ

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Š‡ ‰”‘™‹‰ †‘‹ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ —’‡‡ ‹ –Š‡ „‘”†‡” ’ƒ›‡–•ǡ  …‘—Ž† Š‡Ž’ –‘ „‘‘•– †‹ƒ̵•
‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ƒ”‡– Šƒ• •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ –”ƒ†‡ ƒ† ‹˜‡•–‡– ƒ† …‘—Ž† ƒŽ•‘
†‹ƒ‡…‘‘›Ǥ–”‡†—…‡•–Š‡…‘—–”›̵•†‡’‡†‡…‡ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ƒ ‡™ ”‡˜‡—‡ •–”‡ƒ ˆ‘” †‹ƒ …‘’ƒ‹‡•
‘ ‘–Š‡” …—””‡…‹‡• ƒ† •–”‡‰–Š‡• ‹–• ‡…‘‘‹… ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰‘˜‡”•‡ƒ•Ǥ
•‘˜‡”‡‹‰–›Ǥ–ƒŽ•‘”‡†—…‡•–Š‡…—””‡…›”‹•ˆ‘”†‹ƒ
…‘’ƒ‹‡•‘’‡”ƒ–‹‰‹–Š‡‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡–Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡• –Šƒ– ‡‡† –‘ „‡
ƒ††”‡••‡† ˆ‘” –Š‡ —’‡‡ –‘ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ ‹–• †‘‹ƒ…‡
 ƒ††‹–‹‘ –‘ –Š‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ ‹ϐ‹‡† ƒ›‡–• –‡”ˆƒ…‡ ˆ—”–Š‡”Ǥ
ȋȌ™ƒ•Žƒ—…Š‡†‹ʹͲͳ͸„›–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ›‡–•
‘”’‘”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ†‹ƒȋȌƒ•ƒ‡ƒ•‘ˆˆƒ…‹Ž‹–ƒ–‹‰ Ȉ ƒ…‘ˆŽ‹“—‹†‹–›‹–Š‡—’‡‡ƒ”‡–ǤŠ‡Šƒ•
’‡‡”Ǧ–‘Ǧ’‡‡”’ƒ›‡–•ƒ†‘–Š‡”ϐ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽ–”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘• –ƒ‡•–‡’•–‘‹…”‡ƒ•‡Ž‹“—‹†‹–›„›ƒŽŽ‘™‹‰ˆ‘”‡‹‰
–Š”‘—‰Š‘„‹Ž‡†‡˜‹…‡•‹”‡ƒŽǦ–‹‡ǡ™‹–Š‘—––Š‡‡‡† ‹˜‡•–‘”•–‘–”ƒ†‡‹—’‡‡ˆ—–—”‡•ǡ„—–‘”‡‡‡†•
ˆ‘”–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ„ƒ‹‰‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡Ǥ—‡–‘–Š‹•ǡ –‘„‡†‘‡–‘†‡‡’‡–Š‡ƒ”‡–Ǥ
Šƒ• ƒŽ•‘ ‡‡”‰‡† ƒ• ƒ ƒŒ‘” ’Žƒ›‡” ‹ –Š‡ …‘—–”›̵• Ȉ Š‡ …—””‡…› ”‡ƒ‹• •—„Œ‡…– –‘ ϐŽ—…–—ƒ–‹‘• ‹
ϐ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽ Žƒ†•…ƒ’‡ǡ ‡ƒ„Ž‹‰ “—‹… ƒ† ‡ƒ•› †‹‰‹–ƒŽ ˜ƒŽ—‡†—‡–‘‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆƒ…–‘”•
’ƒ›‡–•ˆ‘”‹ŽŽ‹‘•‘ˆ†‹ƒ•Ǥ”‡…‡–›‡ƒ”•ǡ–Š‡
‹’ƒ…–‘ˆŠƒ•ƒŽ•‘•–ƒ”–‡†–‘„‡ˆ‡Ž–„‡›‘††‹ƒ̵• Ȉ Š‡ †‹ƒ ‰‘˜‡”‡– ƒŽ•‘ ˆƒ…‡• …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡• ‹
„‘”†‡”•Ǥ ƒ‹–ƒ‹‹‰ ƒ…”‘Ǧ‡…‘‘‹… •–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ǡ ™Š‹…Š …ƒ
‹’ƒ…––Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ–Š‡…—””‡…›Ǥ
Š‡ •—……‡•• ‘ˆ  Šƒ• „‡‡ ”‡ƒ”ƒ„Ž‡Ǥ ……‘”†‹‰
–‘ —–Ž‘‘ †‹ƒ –Š‡  …Ž‘•‡† –Š‡ ›‡ƒ” ʹͲʹʹ ‘ Ȉ ‡‰—Žƒ–‘”› ƒ† Ž‡‰ƒŽ ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”• ‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡–
ƒ Š‹‰Š ‘–‡ ƒ• –Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ –”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘• ”‡ƒ…Š‡† …‘—–”‹‡•ƒ›˜ƒ”›•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ–Ž›ǡ™Š‹…Š…‘—Ž†’‘•‡
ƒ ”‡…‘”† ͹Ǥͺʹ „‹ŽŽ‹‘ ‹ ‡…‡„‡” ƒ† –‘–ƒŽŽ‡† • ‘„•–ƒ…Ž‡• –‘ –Š‡ ƒ†‘’–‹‘ ‘ˆ Ǧ„ƒ•‡† ’ƒ›‡–•Ǥ
ͳʹǤͺʹ –”‹ŽŽ‹‘ǡ ƒŽ•‘ ƒ ”‡…‘”† Š‹‰ŠǤ ……‘”†‹‰ –‘  Š‡”‡‹•ƒŽ•‘–Š‡”‹•‘ˆ‹…”‡ƒ•‡†…‘’‡–‹–‹‘ˆ”‘
†ƒ–ƒǡ ƒ’’”‘š‹ƒ–‡Ž› ͹Ͷ „‹ŽŽ‹‘ –”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘• ™‘”–Š ‘–Š‡”†‹‰‹–ƒŽ’ƒ›‡–’Žƒ–ˆ‘”•‹–Š‡‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
• ͳʹͷǤͻͶ –”‹ŽŽ‹‘ ™‡”‡ …‘†—…–‡† —•‹‰  ‹ –Š‡ ƒ”‡–Ǥ
…ƒŽ‡†ƒ”›‡ƒ”ʹͲʹʹǤŠ‡’Žƒ–ˆ‘”Šƒ†Ž‡†‘”‡–Šƒ
͵ͺ „‹ŽŽ‹‘ –”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘• –‘–ƒŽŽ‹‰ •Ǥ͹ͳǤͷͶ –”‹ŽŽ‹‘ ‹ ‡•’‹–‡–Š‡•‡…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ǡ–Š‡‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰‹’ƒ…–‘ˆ
ʹͲʹͳǤ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡ‡ƒ”Ž›ͻͲ’‡”…‡–‘”‡–”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘• ‹‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡–•‹•ƒ’‘•‹–‹˜‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ˆ‘”
–‘‘’Žƒ…‡‘–Š‡’Žƒ–ˆ‘”‹ƒ›‡ƒ”ƒ†–Š‡‹”ƒ˜‡”ƒ‰‡ †‹ƒ̵•ϐ‹–‡…Š‹†—•–”›ƒ†–Š‡…‘—–”›̵•‡…‘‘›Ǥ•
˜ƒŽ—‡‹…”‡ƒ•‡†„›͹͸’‡”…‡–Ǥ …‘–‹—‡•–‘‰ƒ‹–”ƒ…–‹‘„‡›‘††‹ƒ̵•„‘”†‡”•ǡ
‹–Šƒ•–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ–‘„‡…‘‡ƒ–”—Ž›‰Ž‘„ƒŽ’Žƒ–ˆ‘”
‡”Šƒ’• ‘”‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ–Ž›ǡ  Šƒ• „‡…‘‡ ƒ ‘†‡Ž ˆ‘”†‹‰‹–ƒŽ’ƒ›‡–•ƒ†–‘‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š†‹ƒƒ•ƒŽ‡ƒ†‡”
ˆ‘” ‘–Š‡” …‘—–”‹‡• Ž‘‘‹‰ –‘ †‡˜‡Ž‘’ –Š‡‹” ‘™ ‹–Š‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ‹‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡ϐ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽ–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›Ǥ
†‹‰‹–ƒŽ ’ƒ›‡– •›•–‡• ƒ† Šƒ• •’ƒ”‡† ‹–‡”‡•–
ˆ”‘ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ’Žƒ›‡”• ‹ –Š‡ ϐ‹–‡…Š •’ƒ…‡Ǥ  –‹•Ž‹‡Ž›–Šƒ––Š‡™‹ŽŽ…‘–‹—‡–‘‰ƒ‹‹’‘”–ƒ…‡
ʹͲʹͲǡ
‘‘‰Ž‡ Žƒ—…Š‡† ‹–•
‘‘‰Ž‡ ƒ› •‡”˜‹…‡ ‹ –Š‡ ‘ –Š‡ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ •–ƒ‰‡ǡ …‘–”‹„—–‹‰ –‘ †‹ƒ̵• ”‹•‡ ƒ• ƒ
ǡ„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡’Žƒ–ˆ‘”ǤŠ‹•†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Šƒ• ƒŒ‘”‡…‘‘‹…’‘™‡”‹–Š‡™‘”Ž†Ǥ
„”‘—‰Š––‘–Š‡ƒ––‡–‹‘‘ˆƒ™‹†‡”‰Ž‘„ƒŽƒ—†‹‡…‡ …‘…Ž—•‹‘ǡ–Š‡†‹ƒ—’‡‡̵•‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰†‘‹ƒ…‡
ƒ† Šƒ• Š‡Ž’‡† –‘ ‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•Š †‹ƒ ƒ• ƒ Ž‡ƒ†‡” ‹ –Š‡ ‹–Š‡‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡–‹•ƒ’‘•‹–‹˜‡†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ†‹‰‹–ƒŽ’ƒ›‡–•‹ˆ”ƒ•–”—…–—”‡Ǥ ˆ‘” –Š‡ †‹ƒ ‡…‘‘›Ǥ – ”‡ϐŽ‡…–• †‹ƒ̵• ‰”‘™‹‰
‘–Š‡”ƒŒ‘”†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–Šƒ•„‡‡–Š‡Žƒ—…Š‘ˆ–Š‡ ‡…‘‘‹… …Ž‘—– ƒ† ’‘Ž‹…› ‡ƒ•—”‡• –‘ ’”‘‘–‡
̵•‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ”ǡ–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ›‡–• •–ƒ„‹Ž‹–› ƒ† ƒ––”ƒ…– ˆ‘”‡‹‰ ‹˜‡•–‡–Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ
‹‹–‡† ȋȌǡ ™Š‹…Š ‹• –ƒ•‡† ™‹–Š –ƒ‹‰  ƒ† –Š‡ …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡• ‡‡† –‘ „‡ ƒ††”‡••‡† –‘ ‡•—”‡ –Šƒ–
‘–Š‡”  ’ƒ›‡– •›•–‡• –‘ –Š‡ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ ƒ”‡–Ǥ –Š‡—’‡‡„‡…‘‡•ƒ–”—Ž›†‘‹ƒ–…—””‡…›‹–Š‡
 Šƒ• ƒŽ”‡ƒ†› •‹‰‡† ƒ‰”‡‡‡–• ™‹–Š •‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽƒ”‡–Ǥ
…‘—–”‹‡•ǡ ‹…Ž—†‹‰ Š—–ƒǡ  ƒ† ‹‰ƒ’‘”‡ǡ –‘
‡ƒ„Ž‡Ǧ„ƒ•‡†’ƒ›‡–•ƒ†‹•‹–ƒŽ•™‹–Š‘–Š‡”
…‘—–”‹‡•ƒ•™‡ŽŽǤ
CA Parteek Jain
Š‡‡š’ƒ•‹‘‘ˆ„‡›‘††‹ƒ̵•„‘”†‡”•Šƒ•–Š‡
Union Learning Academy,
’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ–‘„”‹‰•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ–„‡‡ϐ‹–•–‘–Š‡…‘—–”›̵•
‡…‘‘›Ǥ › ‡ƒ„Ž‹‰ ‡ƒ•› ƒ† ƒˆˆ‘”†ƒ„Ž‡ …”‘••Ǧ &RUSRUDWH 7UHDVXU\*XUXJUDP

26 ³etefve³eve Oeeje
 Currency: A Journey through Ages
M ‘‡›”‡’”‡•‡–•˜ƒŽ—‡‘”‹’‘”–ƒ…‡‘ˆƒ’”‘†—…–
‘” ‡”˜‹…‡ –Šƒ– ’‡‘’Ž‡ ’Žƒ…‡ ‹ –Š‡Ǥ —””‡…› ‹•
—•‡† –‘ ‡ƒ•—”‡ –Šƒ– ˜ƒŽ—‡ „› ”‡’”‡•‡–‹‰ ƒ —‹– ‘ˆ
’—”…Šƒ•‡Ƭ•ƒŽ‡‘ˆ‘‡‹–‡™‹–Š‘–Š‡”‹–‡‹–Š‡ˆ‘”
‘ˆ‡š…Šƒ‰‡Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”–Š‡•›•–‡™ƒ•ǯ–˜‡”›‡ˆϐ‹…‹‡–Ǥ

–Šƒ– ˜ƒŽ—‡Ǥ —””‡…› ’”‘˜‹†‡• ƒ ‡…Šƒ‹• ‘” •›•–‡ The Big Question
‘ˆ‡ƒ•—”‡‡–‘ˆ˜ƒŽ—‡ ‘ˆƒ’”‘†—…–‘”•‡”˜‹…‡ǤŠ‹• ƒ”–‡”Šƒ†‹–•Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•ǤŠ‡„‹‰“—‡•–‹‘™ƒ•Š‘™–‘
‡ƒ„Ž‡• Š—ƒ ”ƒ…‡ –‘ …‘’ƒ”‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ’”‘†—…–• ‘” ƒ–…Š–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆ‘‡‹–‡™‹–Š–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆƒ‘–Š‡”
•‡”˜‹…‡•„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡‹”˜ƒŽ—‡Ǥ
‡ ƒŽŽ ‡‡† ‘‡› ˆ‘” ‘—” †ƒ›Ǧ–‘Ǧ†ƒ› ƒ…–‹˜‹–›Ǥ ‘‡›
‹•—•‡†‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆ…‘‹•ǡ‘–‡•ǡ’Žƒ•–‹……ƒ”†•ǡ…”‡†‹–
Ƭ†‡„‹–…ƒ”†•ǡ†‹‰‹–ƒŽ™ƒŽŽ‡–•Ƭ˜‹”–—ƒŽ…—””‡…›Ǥ‘‡›
Šƒ•ƒŽ™ƒ›•„‡‡’ƒ”–‘ˆŠ—ƒŠ‹•–‘”›‹‘‡ˆ‘”‘”
‹–‡Ǥ‘–Š‡”™‘”†•ǡ‘™–‘‡ƒ•—”‡–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆƒ
‹–‡ǫƒ–‡”‹–‹‡ǡ–Š‹•–‡”Dz˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆƒ‹–‡dz”‡…‡‹˜‡†
ƒˆ‘”ƒŽƒ‡…ƒŽŽ‡†Dz‘‡›dzǤ‡–ǯ•…‘‡„ƒ…–‘‘—”
‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ“—‡•–‹‘Dz‘™–‘‡ƒ•—”‡–Š‡˜ƒŽ—‡‘ˆƒ‹–‡ǫ
”‘™–‘‡ƒ•—”‡‘‡›ǫdz
–Š‡‘–Š‡”Ǥ–‘†ƒ›ǯ•‘†‡”™‘”Ž†ǡ‡˜‡”›…‘—–”›Šƒ•
‹–•‘™…—””‡…›ǤŠ‡•‡…—””‡…‹‡•ƒ”‡—•‡†–‘‡ƒ•—”‡
‘‡›Ǥ Š‹• ™ƒ•ǯ– ƒŽ™ƒ›• –Š‡ …ƒ•‡Ǥ —””‡…› ‰‘– ‹–•
…—””‡–ˆ‘”ƒˆ–‡”ƒ˜‡”›Ž‘‰Œ‘—”‡›Ǥ
Barter System
—ƒ••–ƒ”–‡†–Š‡‹”Œ‘—”‡›ƒ•Š—–‡”•ƒ†‰ƒ–Š‡”‡”•
‹ •‡ƒ”…Š ‘ˆ ˆ‘‘†ǡ •Š‡Ž–‡” Ƭ ‘–Š‡” ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ ‘„Œ‡…–• –‘
ˆ—Žϐ‹Ž–Š‡‹”‡‡†•ǤŠ‹•‡‡†‰ƒ˜‡„‹”–Š–‘–Š‡’”ƒ…–‹…‡‘ˆ
‡š…Šƒ‰‡Ǥ‡‰”‘—’‘ˆŠ—–‡”•ƒ†‰ƒ–Š‡”‡”•…ƒ””›‹‰
ƒ •‡– ‘ˆ ‹–‡• Ȃ ϐ‹•Šǡ ‡ƒ–ǡ Ž‡ƒ–Š‡” •‹ ‡–…Ǥ ‘ –Š‡‹”
Œ‘—”‡› ‡‡–• ƒ‘–Š‡” ‰”‘—’ …ƒ””›‹‰ ƒ‘–Š‡” •‡– ‘ˆ
‹–‡• Ȃ ˆ”—‹–•ǡ •‡‡†ǡ Š‡”„• ‡–…Ǥ Š‹• ‰”‘—’ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡•
‹–• ƒ„—†ƒ…‡Ȁ‡š…‡•• ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‡‡†‡† ‹–‡• ˆ”‘ –Š‡
‘–Š‡” ‰”‘—’Ǥ Š‹• ’”ƒ…–‹…‡ ‘ˆ ‡š…Šƒ‰‹‰ ‘‡ ‹–‡ ˆ‘”
ƒ‘–Š‡”‹–‡ǡ‹•‘™–‘—•–‘†ƒ›ƒ•„ƒ”–‡”•›•–‡Ǥ
Š‹• „ƒ”–‡” •›•–‡ ‰ƒ‹‡† ‘‡–— ƒ• Š—ƒ•
•–ƒ”–‡† •‡––Ž‹‰ Ƭ •‘…‹‡–‹‡• †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡†Ǥ ‘™ ’‡‘’Ž‡
‡‡†‡† –‘ „—‹Ž† Š‘—•‡ ˆ‘” •Š‡Ž–‡”ǡ ™‡ƒ” …Ž‘–Š‡• –‘
—ƒœŠ—ƒ‰ ‹ –Š‡ ‡ƒ ”‘˜‹…‡ ‘ˆ Š‹ƒǤ ƒ†‹‘
’”‘–‡…––Š‡ˆ”‘ƒ–—”ƒŽ‡Ž‡‡–•ƬŽƒ”‰‡“—ƒ–‹–‹‡•
‘ˆ ˆ‘‘† Ƭ ™ƒ–‡” ˆ‘” •—”˜‹˜ƒŽǤ Š‹• ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ ‹ –Š‡
ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‡‡†•…‘—Ž†‘–„‡•ƒ–‹•ϐ‹‡†™‹–Š–Š‡ƒ–—”ƒŽ
”‡•‘—”…‡• ƒ˜ƒ‹Žƒ„Ž‡ ‹ ‡ƒ”„› ƒ”‡ƒ•Ǥ ‘ ˆ—Žϐ‹Ž ‹–• ‡‡†
‹–Š–‹‡ǡ–Š‡„ƒ”–‡”•›•–‡‰‘–•–ƒ†ƒ”†‹œ‡†‹–‡”•
‘ˆ‡–ƒŽ•‘”…‘™”‹‡•Š‡ŽŽ•Ǥ‡‘’Ž‡•–ƒ”–‡†—•‹‰‡–ƒŽ•
‘”…‘™”‹‡•Š‡ŽŽ•‹‡š…Šƒ‰‡ˆ‘”‘–Š‡”‹–‡•Ǥ‘–Š‡–ƒŽ
Ǧ ”‘œ‡ǡ ‘’’‡” ‡–…Ǥ ƒ† •Š‡ŽŽ• Šƒ† ‹–”‹•‹… ˜ƒŽ—‡Ǥ
‡–ƒŽ•™‡”‡†‡•‹”‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”•–”‡‰–ŠƬƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘–ƒ‡
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•Šƒ’‡•Ƭ•Š‡ŽŽ•™‡”‡†‡•‹”‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”„‡ƒ—–›Ǥ
˜‡” –‹‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ •–ƒ”–‡† —•‹‰ •ƒŽŽ ‡–ƒŽ …‘‹• ‘ˆ
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–•Šƒ’‡•Ƭ•‹œ‡•ˆ‘”’—”…Šƒ•‡ƒ†•ƒŽ‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–›Ǥ
Š‡•‡ …‘‹• ”‡’”‡•‡–‡† •‘‡ —‹–• ‘ˆ Dz‘‡›dz ‘”
DzƒŽ—‡dzǤŠ‹•™ƒ•–Š‡•–ƒ”–‘ˆƒ•›•–‡‘ˆ‡ƒ•—”‡‡–
‘ˆDz‘‡›dz‘”DzƒŽ—‡dzǤ
Metal Money – Coins
 ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–› ™Š‡”‡ …—””‡…› ‹• …”‡ƒ–‡† ‹• …ƒŽŽ‡† Dz‹–dzǤ
Š‹‡•‡ ƒ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹•–• ™‹–Š –Š‡ •–ƒ–‡ ‹˜‡”•‹–› ‘ˆ
Š‡‰œŠ‘— ƒ†‡ ƒ ƒ‘—…‡‡– ‹ —‰—•– ʹͲʹͳ
–Šƒ– –Š‡› Šƒ† †‹•…‘˜‡”‡† –Š‡ ™‘”Ž†ǯ• ‘Ž†‡•– ‘™ǡ
•‡…—”‡Ž›†ƒ–‡†…‘‹‹–‹‰•‹–‡ǤŠ‹•ˆƒ…‹Ž‹–›‹•Ž‘…ƒ–‡†
ƒ–
…ƒ”„‘Ǧ†ƒ–‹‰ ‹†‹…ƒ–‡• –Šƒ– –Š‹• ‹–‹‰ •‹–‡ ™ƒ•
†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡† ƒ”‘—† ͸ͶͲȂͷͷͲ Ǥ ”…Šƒ‡‘Ž‘‰‹•–• Šƒ˜‡
ˆ‘—†…Žƒ›‘—Ž†•ˆ‘”…ƒ•–‹‰•’ƒ†‡…‘‹•Ǥ
‘‡ •‡––Ž‡‡– •–ƒ”–‡† ‡š…Šƒ‰‹‰ –Š‡‹” ƒ„—†ƒ…‡ Š‡ϐ‹”•–‡–ƒŽ‘‡›†ƒ–‡•„ƒ…–‘ͳͲͲͲǤŠ‹ƒǡ
™‹–Š –Š‡ ‡‡†‡† ‹–‡• ˆ”‘ ‡ƒ”„› •‡––Ž‡‡–• ‘ –Š‡•‡…‘‹•™‡”‡ƒ†‡ˆ”‘•–ƒ’‡†’‹‡…‡•‘ˆ˜ƒŽ—ƒ„Ž‡
”‡‰—Žƒ”„ƒ•‹•ǤŠ‹•‰ƒ˜‡„‹”–Š–‘ƒ”‡–’Žƒ…‡•Ƭˆ‘”ƒŽ ‡–ƒŽ Ȃ „”‘œ‡ Ƭ …‘’’‡”Ǥ ‘‡–‹‡ ƒ”‘—† ͸ͷͲ ǡ

peveJejer-cee®e&, 2023 27
–Š‡•‡ ‡ƒ”Ž› ˆ‘”• ‘ˆ …‘‹• ™‡”‡ ƒŽ•‘ —•‡† „› ƒ…‹‡– Š‹•Ž‘™‡š…Šƒ‰‡”ƒ–‡Šƒ†Š—‰‡‹’ƒ…–ƒ†•‹Ž˜‡”…‘‹•

”‡‡•Ǥ ‹–Š –‹‡ǡ –Š‡•‡ …‘‹• ™‘—Ž† ‡˜‘Ž˜‡ ‹–‘ ™‡–‘—–‘ˆ…‹”…—Žƒ–‹‘Ƭ™‡”‡”‡’Žƒ…‡†„›‰‘Ž†…‘‹•Ǥ

…‘‹•‹–‡†ˆ”‘•‹Ž˜‡”Ƭ‰‘Ž†ǡƒˆ‘”‘ˆ‘†‡”‡”ƒ
…—””‡…›Ǥ ‘‹• ™‡”‡ ƒ …‘Ž‘••ƒŽ ‹Ž‡•–‘‡ ˆ‘” Š—ƒ
…‹˜‹Ž‹œƒ–‹‘ƒ•–Š‡›ƒŽŽ‘™‡†’‡‘’Ž‡–‘’ƒ›‘””‡…‡‹˜‡„›
…‘—–Ȃ—„‡”‘ˆ…‘‹•ǡ”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ™‡‹‰Š–Ǥ
‘Ž†
Paper Money – Bills / Notes
‡–ƒŽ …‘‹• „‡…ƒ‡ ƒ ƒŒ‘” ’ƒ”– ‘ˆ –”ƒ†‡ǡ „—– –Š‡‹”
™‡‹‰Š– ’‘•‡† •‘‡ ‹••—‡• ‹ –Š‡‹” —•ƒ‰‡ ‹ Žƒ”‰‡
‘Ž† –ƒ†ƒ”† –‘ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ …‘–”‘ŽǦ„ƒ•‡†
“—ƒ–‹–‹‡•‹„‹‰–”ƒ†‡•Ǥ‡‘’Ž‡–”‹‡†–‘‘˜‡”…‘‡–Š‹•
Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘ „› ‹’”‘˜‹•‹‰ Ȃ ‹•–‡ƒ† ‘ˆ ƒ…–—ƒŽ ‰‘‘†•
’‡‘’Ž‡•–ƒ”–‡†—•‹‰…Žƒ‹•‘‰‘‘†•ǡƒ„‹ŽŽ‘ˆ‡š…Šƒ‰‡Ǥ
„‹ŽŽ‘ˆ‡š…Šƒ‰‡‹•‡••‡–‹ƒŽŽ›ƒ™”‹––‡‘”†‡”–Šƒ–‘‡
’‡”•‘‘”‰”‘—’™‹ŽŽ’ƒ›ƒ•’‡…‹ϐ‹‡†ƒ‘—–‘ˆ‘‡›
ͳͺͳ͸ǡ‰‘Ž†„‡…ƒ‡–Š‡•–ƒ†ƒ”†‘ˆ˜ƒŽ—‡‹‰Žƒ†Ǥ
ƒ…Š „ƒ‘–‡ ‹••—‡† ”‡’”‡•‡–‡† ƒ …‡”–ƒ‹ ƒ‘—–
‘ˆ ‰‘Ž†Ǥ Š‹• Ž‹‹–‡† –Š‡ —„‡” ‘ˆ „ƒ‘–‡• ‹••—‡†Ǥ
›ͳͻͲͲǡŠ‡‹–‡†–ƒ–‡•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‡†•—‹–Ƭ‹••—‡†
–ƒ†ƒ”† …–Ǥ —”‹‰ –Š‡ ’‡”‹‘† ‘ˆ ‰”‡ƒ– †‡’”‡••‹‘
ȋͳͻʹͻȂͳͻ͵ͻȌǡ†—‡–‘†‡’”‡••‹‘Ƭ†‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‰‘Ž†
ƒ› …‘—–”‹‡• ‹…Ž—†‹‰ Š‡ ‹–‡† –ƒ–‡• ‘˜‡†
ƒ™ƒ› ˆ”‘
•›•–‡Ǥ
The Era of Internet: Digital Currency
Š‡ ‹˜‡–‹‘ ‘ˆ ‘’—–‡”ǡ ‘„‹Ž‡ ’Š‘‡ ƒ†
‹–‡”‡– –‘‘ –Š‡ Š—ƒ ”ƒ…‡ –‘ ƒ ‡™ ‡”ƒ ‘ˆ ‹•–ƒ–
‘ †‡ƒ†Ǥ  ˆƒ…–ǡ ‹ ‡•‘’‘–ƒ‹ƒ Ƭ ‹ Š‹ƒ ‹ –Š‡ …‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘Ǥ†˜‡”–‹•‹‰‘ˆ’”‘†—…–•Ƭ•‡”˜‹…‡•™ƒ•
‡Ž‡˜‡–Š…‡–—”›ǡ–Š‡›•–ƒ”–‡†—•‹‰’ƒ’‡”…—””‡…›Ǥ ‘Ž‘‰‡”„‘—†„›†‹•–ƒ…‡•Ƭ„‘—†ƒ”‹‡•‘ˆƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
‡‘’Ž‡‘Ž‘‰‡”‡‡†‡†–‘‡‡–‡ƒ…Š‘–Š‡”ˆ‘”„—›‹‰Ƭ
Š‡ϐ‹”•–’ƒ’‡”…—””‡…›™ƒ•…”‡ƒ–‡†‹Š‹ƒ‹͹ͲͲ–‘
•‡ŽŽ‹‰”‡“—‹”‡†’”‘†—…–•Ƭ•‡”˜‹…‡•Ǥƒ›‡–•ˆ‘”–Š‡•‡
ͺͲͲǤ„—–‹––‘‘ƒ™Š‹Ž‡„‡ˆ‘”‡’ƒ’‡”…—””‡…›™ƒ•
’”‘†—…–•Ƭ•‡”˜‹…‡••–ƒ”–‡†Šƒ’’‡‹‰‘…‘’—–‡”•Ƭ
™‹†‡Ž› —•‡†Ǥ Š‹ƒ •–ƒ”–‡† —•‹‰ ’ƒ’‡” …—””‡…› ‘ ƒ
‘„‹Ž‡•‹‡Ž‡…–”‘‹…‘†‡™‹–Š‹ƒˆ”ƒ…–‹‘‘ˆ•‡…‘†•Ǥ
…‘‘„ƒ•‹•†—”‹‰–Š‡–Š‹”–‡‡–Š…‡–—”›ǤŠ‡Ž‹‰Š–
‘™‡˜‡” –Š‡•‡ ’ƒ›‡–• ™‡”‡ Ž‹‹–‡† „› ’ƒ›‡–
™‡‹‰Š– ‘ˆ ’ƒ’‡” …—””‡…› ƒŽŽ‘™‡† •‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ– ‹…”‡ƒ•‡
‰ƒ–‡™ƒ›Ƭ‡š…Šƒ‰‡”ƒ–‡•„‡–™‡‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–…—””‡…‹‡•
‹‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–”ƒ†‡„—–‹–…ƒ‡™‹–Š‹–•‘™’”‘„Ž‡•
‘ˆ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ
Ȃ †‹•–”—•– ƒ• ’ƒ’‡” Šƒ• ‘ ‹–”‹•‹… ˜ƒŽ—‡ Ƭ …—””‡…›
™ƒ”•Ȃƒ†‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•Ȃ–Š‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘–”ƒ†‡ƒ–ˆƒ”–Š‡” ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ ‡™ –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡• Ž‡† –‘ –Š‡ …”‡ƒ–‹‘
†‹•–ƒ…‡‹‡™’Žƒ…‡•ˆ‘”‡™…‘‘†‹–‹‡•Ǥ ‘ˆ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ ‘” ˜‹”–—ƒŽ …—””‡…› ‘™ ƒ• Dz”›’–‘
—””‡…›dzǤ Š‡ ϐ‹”•– ˜‹”–—ƒŽ …—””‡…› ™ƒ• …”‡ƒ–‡† ‹
›–Š‡‹†ͳͷ–Š…‡–—”›ǡŠ‹ƒ•–‘’’‡†—•‹‰‹–•’ƒ’‡”
ʹͲͲͻ „› –Š‡ ’•‡—†‘›‘—• ƒ–‘•Š‹ ƒƒ‘–‘Ǥ Š‡
…—””‡…›Ǥ ‡–ƒŽ …‘‹• ‘…‡ ƒ‰ƒ‹ „‡…ƒ‡ –Š‡ ‘•–
…”›’–‘ …—””‡…‹‡• ™‡”‡ †‡…‡–”ƒŽ‹•‡† Ƭ †‹•–”‹„—–‡†Ǥ
’‘’—Žƒ”ˆ‘”‘ˆ‘‡›‹–Š‡…‘—–”›Ƭ‹–Š‡™‘”Ž†Ǥ
‘—–”‹‡•™‡”‡‹–‹‰‰‘Ž†Ƭ•‹Ž˜‡”…‘‹•ˆ‘”‰‡‡”ƒŽ
—•‡Ǥ
‘Ž†„‡‹‰˜‡”›Š‹‰Š‹–”‹•‹…˜ƒŽ—‡‡–ƒŽ™ƒ•—•‡†
‘Ž›‹˜‡”›Žƒ”‰‡–”ƒ†‡Ǥƒ’‡”…—””‡…›™ƒ•‘–†‘‡
ƒ†ƒ›…‘—–”‹‡•–”‹‡†–‘‹••—‡’ƒ’‡”…—””‡…›‹–Š‡
ˆ‘”‘ˆ„ƒ‘–‡•ǡ„—–„ƒ‘–‡•™‡”‡‹•–”—•–‡††—‡
–™ƒ•ˆ‘”–Š‡ϐ‹”•––‹‡‹‘†‡”‡”ƒ–Šƒ–ƒ…—””‡…›
™ƒ• ‘– …‘–”‘ŽŽ‡† „› ƒ› …‡–”ƒŽ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‘”› „‘†› Ƭ
™ƒ•„ƒ•‡†‘†‹•–”‹„—–‡†Ž‡†‰‡”•›•–‡ǤŠ‡•‡…”›’–‘
…—””‡…‹‡•˜‡”›“—‹…Ž›‰ƒ‹‡†’‘’—Žƒ”‹–›†—‡–‘–Š‡‹”
†‡…‡–”ƒŽ‹•‡†ƒ–—”‡Ƭƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘„‡—•‡†‹’ƒ›‡–•
–‘Ž‹––Ž‡‹–”‹•‹…˜ƒŽ—‡Ƭ’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ…‘—–‡”ˆ‡‹–Ǥ ƒ…”‘•• –Š‡ ‰Ž‘„‡Ǥ  ƒ ˜‡”› •Š‘”– •’ƒ ‘ˆ –‹‡ǡ ‡Ž‡˜‡
›‡ƒ”•–‘„‡‡šƒ…–ǡ…”›’–‘…—””‡…‹‡•…”‘••‡†͵Ψ‘ˆ–‘–ƒŽ
‘‡ˆ‘”…‡’—„Ž‹…–”—•–‹„ƒ‘–‡•ǡ—”‘’‡ƒ…‘—–”‹‡• ™‘”Ž†ǯ•‘‡›Ǥ
†‡˜‹•‡†ƒ•›•–‡‘™ƒ•Dz‹Ž˜‡”–ƒ†ƒ”†dzǤ‘™‡ƒ…Š
„ƒ‘–‡‹••—‡†™ƒ•„ƒ…‡†„›…‡”–ƒ‹ƒ‘—–‘ˆ•‹Ž˜‡” Š‡ ‹‡•‡ ’‘’—Žƒ”‹–› Ƭ •Š‡‡” •‹œ‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ …”›’–‘
†‡’‘•‹–‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ ‹••—‡”Ǥ Š‹• ‰ƒ˜‡ ’ƒ’‡” …—””‡…› …—””‡…‹‡• ˆ‘”…‡† ƒ› ƒ–‹‘• –‘ …‘•‹†‡” Žƒ—…Š‹‰
‹Ǥ‡Ǥ „ƒ‘–‡ •‘‡ •‘”– ‘ˆ ˜ƒŽ—‡ ƒ† •–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ
‘Ž† †‹‰‹–ƒŽ ˆ‘”ƒ– ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ‘™ …—””‡…›Ǥ ‹‰‹–ƒŽ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ
™ƒ•ˆ—…–‹‘‹‰ƒ•ƒ‡†‹—ˆ‘”Š‹‰Š˜ƒŽ—‡–”ƒ†‡Ƭ‹ …—””‡…‹‡• ‹••—‡† ƒ† ”‡‰—Žƒ–‡† „› …‡–”ƒŽ „ƒ• ƒ”‡
‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ –”ƒ†‡Ǥ
‘Ž† ™ƒ• ‡ƒ•—”‡† ƒ– ƒ ϐŽ‘ƒ–‹‰ …ƒŽŽ‡†Dz‡–”ƒŽƒ‹‰‹–ƒŽ—””‡…›ǦdzǤŠ‹ƒ‹•
‡š…Šƒ‰‡ ”ƒ–‡ –‘ •‹Ž˜‡”Ǥ  ͳ͹–Š Ƭ ‡ƒ”Ž› ͳͺ–Š …‡–—”›ǡ –Š‡ϐ‹”•–…‘—–”›–‘Žƒ—…Š†‹‰‹–ƒŽˆ‘”‘ˆ‹–•…—””‡…›Ǥ
—”‘’‡ƒ …‘—–”‹‡• ™‡”‡ ”—‹‰ Žƒ”‰‡ –”ƒ†‡ †‡ϐ‹…‹– –Š‡”…‘—–”‹‡•ƒ”‡–”›‹‰–‘ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•—‹–Ǥ
™‹–ŠŠ‹ƒǡ™Š‹…Š†”ƒ‹‡†‘—–‘•–‘ˆ–Š‡•‹Ž˜‡”ˆ”‘
—”‘’‡Ǥ‹•…‘˜‡”›‘ˆ‡™‰‘Ž†‹‡•‹‘—–Š‡”‹…ƒ
†—”‹‰–Š‡•ƒ‡’‡”‹‘†‹…”‡ƒ•‡†–Š‡•—’’Ž›‘ˆ‰‘Ž†–‘
—”‘’‡ƒ›ˆ‘Ž†•Ǥ Asheesh Singh
Digitalisation Vertical,
ͳ͹ͳ͹ǡ‹”•ƒƒ…‡™–‘ˆ—…–‹‘‹‰ƒ•ƒ•–‡”‘ˆ‘›ƒŽ
‹–ǡ •‡– –Š‡ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ ”ƒ–‡ ‘ˆ •‹Ž˜‡” –‘ ‰‘Ž† ˜‡”› Ž‘™Ǥ &HQWUDO2ႈFH0XPEDL

28 ³etefve³eve Oeeje
Digital Transformation
& Our Bank's Initiatives
I ntroduction :  –‘†ƒ›ǯ• ‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ‰‡ǡ –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› Šƒ•
–”ƒ•ˆ‘”‡†‡˜‡”›ƒ•’‡…–‘ˆ‘—”Ž‹˜‡•ǡ‹…Ž—†‹‰–Š‡™ƒ›™‡
…‘†—…–ϐ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽ–”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘•Ǥƒ•ƒ”‡‘‡š…‡’–‹‘–‘–Š‹•
†ƒ–ƒ•‡…—”‹–›Ǥ
Business Models : ‹‰‹–ƒŽ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‹„ƒ•Šƒ•ƒŽ•‘
‡ƒ„Ž‡†–Š‡…”‡ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡™„—•‹‡••‘†‡Ž•Ǥƒ•…ƒ‘™
ƒ† ƒ”‡ ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰Ž› ‹˜‡•–‹‰ ‹ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ –‘
‘ˆˆ‡”‡™’”‘†—…–•ƒ†•‡”˜‹…‡•–Šƒ–™‡”‡‘–’‘••‹„Ž‡„‡ˆ‘”‡
‡‡––Š‡‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰‡‡†•‘ˆ…—•–‘‡”•Ǥ‹‰‹–ƒŽ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘
–Š‡ƒ†˜‡–‘ˆ†‹‰‹–ƒŽ–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›Ǥ ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ„ƒ•…ƒ‘™
‹• ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‰ –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› ‹–‘ ƒŽŽ ƒ”‡ƒ• ‘ˆ „—•‹‡••ǡ ™Š‹…Š
‘ˆˆ‡” ‘Ž‹‡Ǧ‘Ž› ƒ……‘—–• –Šƒ– Šƒ˜‡ Ž‘™‡” ˆ‡‡• ƒ† Š‹‰Š‡”
ƒŽŽ‘™•ˆ‘”ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ’”‘…‡••‡•ǡ‹’”‘˜‡†‡ˆϐ‹…‹‡…›ǡƒ†
‹–‡”‡•–”ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽƒ……‘—–•ǤŠ‡•‡ƒ……‘—–•ƒ”‡
…”‡ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‘˜‡Ž„—•‹‡••‘†‡Ž•Ǥ
ƒ––”ƒ…–‹˜‡–‘…—•–‘‡”•™Š‘’”‡ˆ‡”–‘…‘†—…––Š‡‹”„ƒ‹‰
Digital Transformation in Banks : ‹‰‹–ƒŽ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘Ž‹‡ ƒ† †‘ ‘– ”‡“—‹”‡ –Š‡ •‡”˜‹…‡• ‘ˆ ƒ ’Š›•‹…ƒŽ „ƒ
‹„ƒ•‹˜‘Ž˜‡•–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›–‘‹’”‘˜‡…—•–‘‡” „”ƒ…ŠǤ
‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ǡ ƒ—–‘ƒ–‡† ’”‘…‡••‡•ǡ ƒ† ”‡†—…‡ …‘•–•Ǥ ƒ•
‹‰‹–ƒŽ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Šƒ•ƒŽ•‘‡ƒ„Ž‡†„ƒ•–‘‡–‡”‡™
Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ —•‹‰ –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› ˆ‘” †‡…ƒ†‡•ǡ „—– –Š‡ ”ƒ’‹†
ƒ”‡–•Ǥƒ•…ƒ‘™‘ˆˆ‡”–Š‡‹”•‡”˜‹…‡•–‘…—•–‘‡”•‹
ƒ†˜ƒ…‡‡– ‹ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› Šƒ• ˆ‘”…‡† –Š‡ –‘
†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘•™‹–Š‘—––Š‡‡‡†ˆ‘”’Š›•‹…ƒŽ
ƒ†‘’–‡™–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•–‘•–ƒ›…‘’‡–‹–‹˜‡Ǥ”‡…‡–›‡ƒ”•ǡ
„”ƒ…Š‡•ǤŠ‹•Šƒ•‡ƒ„Ž‡†„ƒ•–‘‡š’ƒ†–Š‡‹”…—•–‘‡”
„ƒ• Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‹˜‡•–‹‰ Š‡ƒ˜‹Ž› ‹ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•
„ƒ•‡ƒ†‹…”‡ƒ•‡”‡˜‡—‡Ǥ
–‘ ‹’”‘˜‡ –Š‡‹” •‡”˜‹…‡• ƒ† …—•–‘‡” ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡Ǥ ‹‰‹–ƒŽ
–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‹„ƒ•…ƒ„‡†‹˜‹†‡†‹–‘–Š”‡‡ƒ‹ƒ”‡ƒ•ǣ Why is Digital Transformation Important in Banks?
…—•–‘‡”‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ǡ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•ǡƒ†„—•‹‡••‘†‡Ž•Ǥ ‹‰‹–ƒŽ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‹• ‹’‘”–ƒ– ‹ „ƒ• ˆ‘” •‡˜‡”ƒŽ
”‡ƒ•‘•Ǥ ‹”•–Ž›ǡ ‹– ‡ƒ„Ž‡• „ƒ• –‘ ‘ˆˆ‡” „‡––‡” •‡”˜‹…‡• –‘
Customer Experience : ‹‰‹–ƒŽ –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› Šƒ• ‡ƒ„Ž‡†
–Š‡‹”…—•–‘‡”•Ǥ–Š‡’ƒ•–ǡ„ƒ•™‡”‡Ž‹‹–‡†„›’Š›•‹…ƒŽ
„ƒ•–‘‘ˆˆ‡”…—•–‘‡”•‘”‡…‘˜‡‹‡–ƒ†’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹œ‡†
Ž‘…ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† „—•‹‡•• Š‘—”•ǡ ™Š‹…Š ƒ†‡ ‹– †‹ˆϐ‹…—Ž– ˆ‘”
•‡”˜‹…‡•Ǥ—•–‘‡”•…ƒ‘™ƒ……‡••–Š‡‹”ƒ……‘—–•‘Ž‹‡‘”
…—•–‘‡”• –‘ ƒ……‡•• –Š‡‹” •‡”˜‹…‡•Ǥ ‹‰‹–ƒŽ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘
–Š”‘—‰Š‘„‹Ž‡ƒ’’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•ǡ™Š‹…ŠƒŽŽ‘™•–Š‡–‘…Š‡…–Š‡‹”
Šƒ• …Šƒ‰‡† –Š‹• „› ‡ƒ„Ž‹‰ „ƒ• –‘ ‘ˆˆ‡” ʹͶȀ͹ •‡”˜‹…‡•
„ƒŽƒ…‡•ǡƒ‡’ƒ›‡–•ǡƒ†–”ƒ•ˆ‡”ˆ—†•ˆ”‘ƒ›™Š‡”‡
–Š”‘—‰Š †‹‰‹–ƒŽ …Šƒ‡Ž•Ǥ —•–‘‡”• …ƒ ‘™ ƒ……‡•• –Š‡‹”
ƒ– ƒ› –‹‡Ǥ Š‹• Šƒ• ‡Ž‹‹ƒ–‡† –Š‡ ‡‡† ˆ‘” …—•–‘‡”• –‘
„ƒƒ……‘—–•ǡƒ‡–”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘•ǡƒ†ƒ’’Ž›ˆ‘”Ž‘ƒ•ˆ”‘
˜‹•‹–„ƒ„”ƒ…Š‡•ǡ™Š‹…ŠŠƒ•”‡†—…‡†™ƒ‹––‹‡ƒ†ƒ†‡
–Š‡ …‘ˆ‘”– ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” Š‘‡•ǡ —•‹‰ –Š‡‹” •ƒ”–’Š‘‡• ‘”
„ƒ‹‰‘”‡…‘˜‡‹‡–Ǥ
…‘’—–‡”•Ǥ
‘–Š‡”™ƒ›„ƒ•ƒ”‡—•‹‰†‹‰‹–ƒŽ–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›–‘‹’”‘˜‡
‡…‘†Ž›ǡ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ• ‡ƒ„Ž‡† „ƒ• –‘
…—•–‘‡”‡š’‡”‹‡…‡‹•–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ…Šƒ–„‘–•ƒ†˜‹”–—ƒŽ
•–”‡ƒŽ‹‡ –Š‡‹” ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘• ƒ† ”‡†—…‡ …‘•–•Ǥ  –Š‡
ƒ••‹•–ƒ–•ǤŠ‡•‡–‘‘Ž•ƒŽŽ‘™…—•–‘‡”•–‘‹–‡”ƒ…–™‹–Š–Š‡
’ƒ•–ǡ „ƒ• Šƒ† –‘ ”‡Ž› ‘ ƒ—ƒŽ ’”‘…‡••‡• ˆ‘” ƒ› ‘ˆ
„ƒǯ••‡”˜‹…‡•—•‹‰ƒ–—”ƒŽŽƒ‰—ƒ‰‡ǡ™Š‹…Šƒ‡•„ƒ‹‰
–Š‡‹” ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•ǡ •—…Š ƒ• ‘’‡‹‰ ƒ……‘—–•ǡ ’”‘…‡••‹‰
‘”‡ƒ……‡••‹„Ž‡–‘…—•–‘‡”•™Š‘ƒ›‘–„‡ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”™‹–Š
–”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘•ǡ ƒ† ƒƒ‰‹‰ …—•–‘‡” †ƒ–ƒǤ Š‹• ™ƒ• –‹‡Ǧ
ϐ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽ Œƒ”‰‘Ǥ Šƒ–„‘–• ƒ† ˜‹”–—ƒŽ ƒ••‹•–ƒ–• …ƒ ƒŽ•‘
…‘•—‹‰ƒ†‡š’‡•‹˜‡ǡƒ†‹–‘ˆ–‡”‡•—Ž–‡†‹‡””‘”•ƒ†
’”‘˜‹†‡’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹œ‡†”‡…‘‡†ƒ–‹‘•–‘…—•–‘‡”•„ƒ•‡†
†‡Žƒ›•Ǥ‹‰‹–ƒŽ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Šƒ•ƒ—–‘ƒ–‡†ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡•‡
‘–Š‡‹”–”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘Š‹•–‘”›ƒ†•’‡†‹‰’ƒ––‡”•Ǥ
’”‘…‡••‡•ǡ™Š‹…ŠŠƒ•ƒ†‡–Š‡ˆƒ•–‡”ǡ‘”‡ƒ……—”ƒ–‡ǡƒ†
Operations : ‹‰‹–ƒŽ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‹ „ƒ• Šƒ• ƒŽ•‘ Ž‡••…‘•–Ž›Ǥ
‹’”‘˜‡†–Š‡‹”‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•Ǥƒ•Šƒ˜‡„‡‡ƒ„Ž‡–‘ƒ—–‘ƒ–‡
Š‹”†Ž›ǡ†‹‰‹–ƒŽ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Šƒ•‡ƒ„Ž‡†„ƒ•–‘‹’”‘˜‡
ƒ› ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” ’”‘…‡••‡•ǡ ™Š‹…Š Šƒ• ”‡†—…‡† …‘•–• ƒ†
–Š‡‹” ”‹• ƒƒ‰‡‡– …ƒ’ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•Ǥ ƒ• ƒ”‡ ”‡“—‹”‡† –‘
‹’”‘˜‡†‡ˆϐ‹…‹‡…›Ǥ ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ„ƒ•…ƒ‘™—•‡ƒ”–‹ϐ‹…‹ƒŽ
…‘’Ž›™‹–Š•–”‹…–”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡƒ†ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡–‘†‘•‘…ƒ”‡•—Ž–
‹–‡ŽŽ‹‰‡…‡ȋȌƒ†ƒ…Š‹‡Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ƒŽ‰‘”‹–Š•–‘ƒƒŽ›œ‡
‹•‡˜‡”‡’‡ƒŽ–‹‡•Ǥ‹‰‹–ƒŽ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Šƒ•‡ƒ„Ž‡†„ƒ•
…—•–‘‡” †ƒ–ƒ ƒ† †‡–‡…– ˆ”ƒ—†—Ž‡– –”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘•Ǥ Š‹• Šƒ•
–‘‹’Ž‡‡–‘”‡”‘„—•–”‹•ƒƒ‰‡‡–•›•–‡•ǡ™Š‹…Š
”‡†—…‡†–Š‡‡‡†ˆ‘”ƒ—ƒŽ‹–‡”˜‡–‹‘ƒ†Šƒ•‹’”‘˜‡†
…ƒ ‹†‡–‹ˆ› ƒ† ‹–‹‰ƒ–‡ ”‹•• ‹ ”‡ƒŽ –‹‡Ǥ Š‹• Šƒ• ƒ†‡
–Š‡ƒ……—”ƒ…›‘ˆˆ”ƒ—††‡–‡…–‹‘Ǥ
„ƒ•‘”‡”‡•‹Ž‹‡––‘…›„‡”Ǧƒ––ƒ…•ǡˆ”ƒ—†ǡƒ†‘–Š‡””‹••Ǥ
–Šƒ•ƒŽ•‘‡ƒ„Ž‡†„ƒ•–‘”‡†—…‡–Š‡‹””‡Ž‹ƒ…‡‘’ƒ’‡”Ǧ
‘—”–ŠŽ›ǡ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ Šƒ• ‡ƒ„Ž‡† „ƒ• –‘ ‰ƒ‹
„ƒ•‡† ’”‘…‡••‡•Ǥ ƒ• …ƒ ‘™ •–‘”‡ …—•–‘‡” †ƒ–ƒ ‹
ƒ …‘’‡–‹–‹˜‡ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡Ǥ ƒ• –Šƒ– Šƒ˜‡ ‡„”ƒ…‡† †‹‰‹–ƒŽ
†‹‰‹–ƒŽ ˆ‘”ƒ–•ǡ ™Š‹…Š Šƒ• ‡Ž‹‹ƒ–‡† –Š‡ ‡‡† ˆ‘” ’ƒ’‡”Ǧ
–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ”‡ „‡––‡” ‡“—‹’’‡† –‘ ‡‡– –Š‡ …Šƒ‰‹‰
„ƒ•‡†”‡…‘”†•ǤŠ‹•Šƒ•”‡†—…‡†•–‘”ƒ‰‡…‘•–•ƒ†‹’”‘˜‡†
‡‡†• ƒ† ‡š’‡…–ƒ–‹‘• ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” …—•–‘‡”•Ǥ Š‡› …ƒ ‘ˆˆ‡”

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’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹œ‡†•‡”˜‹…‡•ǡ•—…Šƒ•–ƒ”‰‡–‡†ƒ”‡–‹‰…ƒ’ƒ‹‰•
ƒ† …—•–‘‹œ‡† ‹˜‡•–‡– ƒ†˜‹…‡Ǥ Š‡› …ƒ ƒŽ•‘ Ž‡˜‡”ƒ‰‡
†ƒ–ƒ ƒƒŽ›–‹…• –‘ ‰ƒ‹ ‹•‹‰Š–• ‹–‘ …—•–‘‡” „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ǡ
™Š‹…Š…ƒ‹ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”’”‘†—…–†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–ƒ†ƒ”‡–‹‰
•–”ƒ–‡‰‹‡•Ǥ
„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ǡ ’”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡•ǡ ƒ† ‡‡†•Ǥ Š‡ „ƒ —•‡• –Š‹•
‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ –‘ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹œ‡ ‹–• •‡”˜‹…‡•ǡ –ƒ‹Ž‘” ‹–• ƒ”‡–‹‰
…ƒ’ƒ‹‰•ǡƒ††‡˜‡Ž‘’‡™’”‘†—…–•ƒ†•‡”˜‹…‡•Ǥ
‘–Š‡” ‹’‘”–ƒ– ƒ•’‡…– ‘ˆ ”‘Œ‡…– ƒ„ƒ˜ ‹• ‹–•
ˆ‘…—• ‘ ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ’”‘…‡•• ‘’–‹‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ  Šƒ•
‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ†‹‰‹–ƒŽ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Šƒ•‡ƒ„Ž‡†„ƒ•–‘‹‘˜ƒ–‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–‡† ƒ ”ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹‘ –‘‘Ž•ǡ •—…Š ƒ• ”‘„‘–‹…
ƒ† †‡˜‡Ž‘’ ‡™ ’”‘†—…–• ƒ† •‡”˜‹…‡•Ǥ ƒ• –Šƒ– ƒ”‡
ƒ‰‹Ž‡ ƒ† ‹‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡ …ƒ ”‡•’‘† “—‹…Ž› –‘ …Šƒ‰‹‰
ƒ”‡– …‘†‹–‹‘• ƒ† …—•–‘‡” ‡‡†•Ǥ Š‡› …ƒ †‡˜‡Ž‘’
‡™ ’”‘†—…–• ƒ† •‡”˜‹…‡• –Šƒ– ‡‡– ‡‡”‰‹‰ …—•–‘‡”
†‡ƒ†•ǡ •—…Š ƒ• †‹‰‹–ƒŽ ™ƒŽŽ‡–•ǡ ‘„‹Ž‡ „ƒ‹‰ ƒ’’•ǡ ƒ†
„Ž‘……Šƒ‹Ǧ„ƒ•‡†•‘Ž—–‹‘•Ǥ
’”‘…‡•• ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹‘ ȋȌ ƒ† ƒ”–‹ϐ‹…‹ƒŽ ‹–‡ŽŽ‹‰‡…‡ ȋȌǡ
–‘•–”‡ƒŽ‹‡‹–•‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•ƒ†”‡†—…‡…‘•–•Ǥ ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡ
–Š‡„ƒŠƒ•ƒ—–‘ƒ–‡†•‡˜‡”ƒŽ„ƒ…Ǧ‘ˆϐ‹…‡’”‘…‡••‡•ǡ•—…Š
ƒ• ƒ……‘—– ‘’‡‹‰ǡ  ˜‡”‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ† Ž‘ƒ ’”‘…‡••‹‰ǡ
™Š‹…ŠŠƒ•ƒ†‡–Š‡•‡’”‘…‡••‡•ˆƒ•–‡”ǡ‘”‡ƒ……—”ƒ–‡ǡƒ†
Ž‡••…‘•–Ž›Ǥ
Challenges of Digital Transformation in Banks : ‡•’‹–‡ ”‘Œ‡…– ƒ„ƒ˜ Šƒ• ƒŽ•‘ ‡ƒ„Ž‡†  –‘ ‹’”‘˜‡ ‹–• ”‹•
–Š‡ „‡‡ϐ‹–• ‘ˆ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡”‡ ƒ”‡ ƒŽ•‘ ƒƒ‰‡‡– …ƒ’ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•Ǥ Š‡ „ƒ Šƒ• ‹’Ž‡‡–‡†
•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ– …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡• –Šƒ– „ƒ• ˆƒ…‡ ™Š‡ ‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰ ƒ†˜ƒ…‡†ˆ”ƒ—††‡–‡…–‹‘–‘‘Ž•ƒ†…›„‡”•‡…—”‹–›‡ƒ•—”‡•
†‹‰‹–ƒŽ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•Ǥ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡• –‘ ’”‘–‡…– ‹–• …—•–‘‡”•̵ †ƒ–ƒ ƒ† ƒ••‡–•Ǥ  Šƒ• ƒŽ•‘
‹•Ž‡‰ƒ…›•›•–‡•Ǥƒ›„ƒ•Šƒ˜‡‘—–†ƒ–‡†•›•–‡•–Šƒ– ‹–”‘†—…‡† ƒ ”ƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ϐ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽ Ž‹–‡”ƒ…› ’”‘‰”ƒ• ƒ†
ƒ”‡ ‘– †‡•‹‰‡† ˆ‘” ‘†‡” †‹‰‹–ƒŽ •‡”˜‹…‡•Ǥ Š‡•‡ Ž‡‰ƒ…› ‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡• –‘ ‡†—…ƒ–‡ ‹–• …—•–‘‡”• ‘ –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ
•›•–‡•…ƒ„‡†‹ˆϐ‹…—Ž–ƒ†‡š’‡•‹˜‡–‘”‡’Žƒ…‡‘”—’‰”ƒ†‡ǡ ϐ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽ•‡…—”‹–›ƒ†”‹•ƒƒ‰‡‡–Ǥ
™Š‹…Š…ƒŽ‹‹––Š‡•…‘’‡‘ˆ†‹‰‹–ƒŽ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•Ǥ
‘–Š‡” …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡ ‹• …—Ž–—”ƒŽ ”‡•‹•–ƒ…‡ –‘ …Šƒ‰‡Ǥ ‹‰‹–ƒŽ
–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ”‡“—‹”‡• ƒ ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ •Š‹ˆ– ‹ Š‘™ „ƒ•
‘’‡”ƒ–‡ǡ ™Š‹…Š …ƒ „‡ …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‹‰ ˆ‘” ‡’Ž‘›‡‡• ™Š‘ ƒ”‡
—•‡† –‘ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ ™ƒ›• ‘ˆ ™‘”‹‰Ǥ ƒ• ‡‡† –‘ ‹˜‡•–
Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ ”‘Œ‡…– ƒ„ƒ˜ Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ ‹’”‡••‹˜‡Ǥ 
Šƒ• •‡‡ ƒ •‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ– ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ ‹ …—•–‘‡” •ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…–‹‘ǡ
™‹–Š …—•–‘‡”• ’”ƒ‹•‹‰ –Š‡ „ƒ̵• †‹‰‹–ƒŽ •‡”˜‹…‡• ƒ†
’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹œ‡†ƒ’’”‘ƒ…ŠǤŠ‡„ƒŠƒ•ƒŽ•‘ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡†•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ–
…‘•– •ƒ˜‹‰• –Š”‘—‰Š ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹‘ ƒ† ’”‘…‡•• ‘’–‹‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ
‹–”ƒ‹‹‰ƒ†‡†—…ƒ–‹‘’”‘‰”ƒ•–‘Š‡Ž’–Š‡‹”‡’Ž‘›‡‡•  ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ  Šƒ• •‡‡ ƒ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ ‹ ”‡˜‡—‡ǡ ™‹–Š ‡™
ƒ†ƒ’––‘–Š‡‡™†‹‰‹–ƒŽ‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ ’”‘†—…–•ƒ†•‡”˜‹…‡•…‘–”‹„—–‹‰–‘‹–•‰”‘™–ŠǤ
‘–Š‡” …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡ ‹• …›„‡”•‡…—”‹–›Ǥ ‹‰‹–ƒŽ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ˜‡”ƒŽŽǡ ”‘Œ‡…– ƒ„ƒ˜ ‹• ƒ •—……‡••ˆ—Ž ‡šƒ’Ž‡ ‘ˆ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ
Šƒ• ‹…”‡ƒ•‡† –Š‡ ”‹• ‘ˆ …›„‡”Ǧƒ––ƒ…•ǡ ƒ† „ƒ• ‡‡† –‘ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‹ –Š‡ „ƒ‹‰ •‡…–‘”Ǥ – †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡• –Š‡
‹’Ž‡‡– ”‘„—•– …›„‡”•‡…—”‹–› ‡ƒ•—”‡• –‘ ’”‘–‡…– –Š‡‹” ‹’‘”–ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ Ž‡˜‡”ƒ‰‹‰ –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› –‘ ‹’”‘˜‡ …—•–‘‡”
…—•–‘‡”•̵†ƒ–ƒƒ†ƒ••‡–•Ǥƒ•ƒŽ•‘‡‡†–‘…‘’Ž›™‹–Š •‡”˜‹…‡ǡ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡ˆϐ‹…‹‡…›ǡ ƒ† ‡Šƒ…‡
†ƒ–ƒ ’”‹˜ƒ…› ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘•ǡ ™Š‹…Š …ƒ „‡ …‘’Ž‡š ƒ† –‹‡Ǧ …‘’‡–‹–‹˜‡‡••Ǥ ̵• ˆ‘…—• ‘ ƒƒŽ›–‹…•ǡ ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ†
…‘•—‹‰Ǥ ”‹• ƒƒ‰‡‡– Šƒ• ‡ƒ„Ž‡† ‹– –‘ •–ƒ› ƒŠ‡ƒ† ‘ˆ –Š‡ …—”˜‡
‹ƒŽŽ›ǡƒ‘–Š‡”…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡‹•…—•–‘‡”ƒ†‘’–‹‘ǤŠ‹Ž‡ƒ› ƒ†’”‘˜‹†‡‹‘˜ƒ–‹˜‡•‘Ž—–‹‘•–‘‹–•…—•–‘‡”•Ǥ
…—•–‘‡”• ƒ”‡ …‘ˆ‘”–ƒ„Ž‡ ™‹–Š †‹‰‹–ƒŽ …Šƒ‡Ž•ǡ –Š‡”‡ Conclusion : ‹‰‹–ƒŽ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘‹•‡••‡–‹ƒŽˆ‘”„ƒ•–‘
ƒ”‡ •–‹ŽŽ •‘‡ ™Š‘ ’”‡ˆ‡” –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ …Šƒ‡Ž•Ǥ ƒ• ‡‡†
–‘ ‡•—”‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡‹” †‹‰‹–ƒŽ •‡”˜‹…‡• ƒ”‡ —•‡”Ǧˆ”‹‡†Ž› ƒ†
ƒ……‡••‹„Ž‡–‘ƒŽŽ…—•–‘‡”•ǡ”‡‰ƒ”†Ž‡••‘ˆ–Š‡‹”–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ
’”‘ϐ‹…‹‡…›Ǥ
Union Bank of India’s Digital Transformation Journey –
Project Sambav : ”‘Œ‡…–ƒ„ƒ˜‹•ƒ†‹‰‹–ƒŽ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘
”‡ƒ‹ …‘’‡–‹–‹˜‡ ‹ –‘†ƒ›̵• †‹‰‹–ƒŽ ƒ‰‡Ǥ – ‡ƒ„Ž‡• „ƒ•
–‘‘ˆˆ‡”„‡––‡”•‡”˜‹…‡•ǡ•–”‡ƒŽ‹‡‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‹’”‘˜‡”‹•
ƒƒ‰‡‡–ǡ ‰ƒ‹ ƒ …‘’‡–‹–‹˜‡ ƒ†˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡ǡ ƒ† ‹‘˜ƒ–‡Ǥ
‘™‡˜‡”ǡ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ ƒŽ•‘ ’”‡•‡–• •‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ–
…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ǡ •—…Š ƒ• Ž‡‰ƒ…› •›•–‡•ǡ …—Ž–—”ƒŽ ”‡•‹•–ƒ…‡
–‘ …Šƒ‰‡ǡ …›„‡”•‡…—”‹–›ǡ ƒ† …—•–‘‡” ƒ†‘’–‹‘Ǥ ƒ•
‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡Žƒ—…Š‡†„›‹‘ƒ‘ˆ†‹ƒȋȌ‹ʹͲʹʹǤŠ‡
’”‘Œ‡…– ƒ‹• –‘ Ž‡˜‡”ƒ‰‡ –‡…Š‘Ž‘‰› –‘ ‹’”‘˜‡ …—•–‘‡”
•‡”˜‹…‡ǡ ‹…”‡ƒ•‡ ‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡ˆϐ‹…‹‡…›ǡ ƒ† ‡Šƒ…‡ –Š‡
‘˜‡”ƒŽŽ…‘’‡–‹–‹˜‡‡••‘ˆ–Š‡„ƒǤ
–Šƒ– …ƒ ‘˜‡”…‘‡ –Š‡•‡ …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡• ƒ† ‡„”ƒ…‡ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ
–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ”‡™‡ŽŽǦ’‘•‹–‹‘‡†–‘•—……‡‡†‹–Š‡†‹‰‹–ƒŽ
ƒ‰‡Ǥ
‹–Š ”‘Œ‡…– ƒ„ƒ˜ǡ ™‡ ƒ• ƒ ƒ Šƒ˜‡ ‡„ƒ”‡† ‘ ƒ
•’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡ǡ‹’Ž‡‡–‡†ƒ”ƒ‰‡‘ˆ†‹‰‹–ƒŽ –”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡Œ‘—”‡›‘ˆ…”‡ƒ–‹‰ƒ‹‰‹–ƒŽƒ™‹–Š‹–Š‡
•‘Ž—–‹‘•ǡ •—…Š ƒ• ‘„‹Ž‡ „ƒ‹‰ǡ ‹–‡”‡– „ƒ‹‰ǡ ƒ† ƒ ™‹–Š ƒ „‘—“—‡– ‘ˆ †‹‰‹–ƒŽ Œ‘—”‡›• ˆ‘” „‘–Š ƒ••‡– ƒ†
‡Ǧ™ƒŽŽ‡–•ǡ™Š‹…Š‡ƒ„Ž‡…—•–‘‡”•–‘ƒ……‡••„ƒ‹‰•‡”˜‹…‡• Ž‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›’”‘†—…–•ƒ†˜ƒ”‹‘—•ϐ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽ•‡”˜‹…‡•Ǥ
ƒ›–‹‡ƒ†ƒ›™Š‡”‡ǤŠ‡„ƒŠƒ•ƒŽ•‘‹–”‘†—…‡†ƒ”ƒ‰‡
‘ˆ‡™’”‘†—…–•ƒ†•‡”˜‹…‡•ǡ•—…Šƒ•’‡”•‘ƒŽŽ‘ƒ•ǡŠ‘‡
Ž‘ƒ•ǡƒ†…”‡†‹–…ƒ”†•ǡ–‘…ƒ–‡”–‘–Š‡‡˜‘Ž˜‹‰‡‡†•‘ˆ‹–•
…—•–‘‡”•Ǥ
Eldhose George
‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡› ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡• ‘ˆ ”‘Œ‡…– ƒ„ƒ˜ ‹• ‹–• ˆ‘…—• ‘ Digitization Vertical,
ƒƒŽ›–‹…•ƒ††ƒ–ƒǦ†”‹˜‡†‡…‹•‹‘Ǧƒ‹‰ǤƒŠƒ•‹˜‡•–‡†
‹ ƒ†˜ƒ…‡† ƒƒŽ›–‹…ƒŽ –‘‘Ž• –‘ ‰ƒ‹ ‹•‹‰Š–• ‹–‘ …—•–‘‡” &HQWUDO2ႈFH0XPEDL

30 ³etefve³eve Oeeje