Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region 2
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAUAYAN CITY
CAUAYAN CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Quality Sleep: A Technical Report Regarding the Amount of Sleep Among Male
and Female Students of the Grade 11 STEM C of Cauayan City National High
School-Main

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of

The Requirements in
Statistic and Probability

ALEJANDRE, KATHERINE
ALERA, EXEQUIEL
CARDENO, PRECIOUS DWYNEKYLA
DELA ROSA, KATHRINA
DELOS SANTOS, IVAN
DOCTOLERO, JULIA KHAYE
ENCALLANDO, JOHN DHANNIEL
LADDIT, ANGELIQUE FRANCINE
MAUR, MICAH SEIRI
NOTARTE, JOHN PAUL
RASOTE, SHANLEY BRYLE
SAGUIBO, ERRON
SAN JOSE, MARX JERSON
SAPLAN, BENJIE
UMINGA JR., BENEDICTO
VISAYA, DANICA

Submitted to:
MS. ANGEL C. CABRERA
Subject Teacher
S.Y. 2020-2021
INTRODUCTION

Throughout life, sleep, without a doubt, is one of the essential factors in achieving

a healthy body. Sleep is critical to one's health and well-being. Getting enough good sleep

at the correct times can benefit both mental and physical health and the quality of life and

safety. Sleep aids in the proper functioning of the brain, creating new pathways in

assisting learning and remembering further information. It is a crucial component that

helps a person to relax and replenish energy. Studies even show that a good night's sleep

improves one's learning capabilities. Sleep plays a significant role in one's life. Lack of

sleep is associated with substantial impairment in learning. Without enough sleep,

children and adolescents are at higher risk for obesity, type two (2) diabetes, depression,

and even injuries (Eaton et al., 2012). Researchers have found that insufficient sleep,

short-term sleep, early waking, and late sleeping can also influence learning capacity and

behaviors, contributing to poor academic performance in school.

Even though sleep is one of the essential needs of the human body, the Philippines

remains one of the countries with the highest rates of sleep deprivation. According to an

article entitled, "PHILIPS RAISES AWARENESS OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN

THE PHILIPPINES," 46 percent of Filipinos do not get enough sleep. In comparison, 32

percent of Filipinos sleep for less than six (6) hours.

With the emergence of the COVID-19, the percentage of Filipinos not getting

enough sleep increased. The pandemic has amplified the difficulty of getting a decent

night's sleep around the world. Due to fears and anxiety arising from such a worldwide

calamity, many have sleep problems, including students. Students are considered one of

the most vulnerable groups of people in this pandemic to experience sleep deprivation. A
recent study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicates that most

middle and high school students get less sleep than the recommended amount, resulting

in poor academic performance.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, students should get

the proper amount and quality of sleep to reach the optimal recharging benefits of

sleeping fully. Recharging is crucial for students since they need to be able to stay

focused during study hours and aid their concentration and overall academic

performance.

Since students are in their formative years, their sleep quality will play a huge role

in their growth and health. Sleep quality can affect their mental health welfare, as well as

physical health like diabetes and obesity. In a study led by Buboltz and their team, they

found that poor sleepers among students significantly reduced their daytime functioning.

It was also found in the same research that students with shorter sleep duration and

irregular sleepers correlated with lower GPA variance.

However, there is also a difference between the amount of sleep of male and

female students. Gender differences affect the sleep patterns of a student. In a research

study led by Putilov and their team, female students reported a longer sleep duration on

free days than male students. However, female students reported higher sleepiness

(lower wakeability) than male students. Females are more likely to report excessive

daytime drowsiness. They expect to be sleepier at any time of day, with the most

significant male-female difference occurring around sleep onset and offset times (Putilov

et al., 2021). In line with this, this technical report aims to know whether the students from

Grade 11 STEM C of Cauayan City National High School-Main get enough sleep or not.
This technical report also seeks to determine whether there is a significant difference

between the amount of sleep for male and female students of the Grade 11 STEM C.

Their response will help the researchers of this technical report provide conclusions and

recommendations for students to sustain a good night's sleep.

BODY

The body presents the methods that the researchers used to acquire the needed

data in this technical report. It includes the sample size, the table that shows the raw data

and the complete solution in getting the 95% confidence interval difference of the means

of the amount of sleep between male and female students of the Grade 11 STEM C.
𝑁
For the sample size, the researchers used Slovin’s formula, 𝑛 = 1+𝑁𝑒 2 where N is

the population of the Grade 11 STEM C students in Cauayan City National High School-

Main, and e is the margin of error, which is 5%. Using the formula, the researchers come

up with a sample size of 44 respondents. The researcher also separated male from the

female to have two (2) groups of different data. In males, there will be 19 respondents,

and the rest 25 will be females.

𝑁 50 50
𝑛= = = = 44.44 = 44
1 + 𝑁𝑒 2 1 + 50(0.05)2 1.125

GENDER POPULATION NUMBER OF SAMPLES

MALE 22 22
(44) = 19.36 = 19
50

FEMALE 28 28
(44) = 24.64 = 25
50

TOTAL 50 44

Figure 1. The table shows the population and the number of respondents for male and
female students of the Grade 11-STEM C.
 Due to some technical difficulties and problems, the researchers did not meet the

expected sample size of this technical report. Instead, the researchers only gathered data

from 32 respondents, consisting of 11 males and 21 females.

STUDENT MALE STUDENT FEMALE STUDENT FEMALE

1 8 1 7 13 7

2 6 2 4 14 7

3 7 3 6 15 6

4 7 4 8 16 7

5 8 5 7 17 8

6 6 6 7 18 5

7 8 7 6 19 5

8 10 8 7 20 7

9 8 9 8 21 8

10 7 10 8 TOTAL 186

11 6 11 5 MEAN 8.857

TOTAL 81 12 4

MEAN 7.363

Figure 2. The table shows the responses, total, and mean amount of sleep of male and
female students of the Grade 11 STEM C.

COMPLETE SOLUTION:

Construct a 95% confidence interval of the difference of the means of the two

groups, namely the data gathered from the male and female respondents.

GIVEN:
 X1= 7. 3636= 7 X2= 8.857= 9 a= 0.05

n1= 11 n2= 21 z 𝑎2 = 2.576

s1= 1 s2= 3

For the standard deviation:

STUDENT MALE (m) STANDARD DEVIATION

√∑(m − 𝑋1 )𝟐

1 8 (8 − 7.363)2 = 0.4058

2 6 (6 − 7.363)2 = 1.858

3 7 (7 − 7.363)2 = 0.1318

4 7 (7 − 7.363)2 = 0.1318

5 8 (8 − 7.363)2 = 0.4058

6 6 (6 − 7.363)2 = 1.858

7 8 (8 − 7.363)2 = 0.4058

8 10 (10 − 7.363)2 = 6.954

9 8 (8 − 7.363)2 = 0.4058

10 7 (7 − 7.363)2 = 0.1318

11 6 (6 − 7.363)2 = 1.858

TOTAL: 14.5466

MEAN (X1) 7.363= 7 MEAN: 1.322

For the final standard deviation: √𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛

Therefore, s1= √1.322 = 1.145 = 1

Figure 3. The table shows the standard deviation of the responses of the male students
of the Grade 11 STEM C.
STUDENT FEMALE (f) STANDARD DEVIATION

√∑(f − 𝑋2 )𝟐

1 7 (7 − 8.857)2 = 3.448

2 4 (4 − 8.857)2 = 23.59

3 6 (6 − 8.857)2 = 8.162

4 8 (8 − 8.857)2 = 0.7344

5 7 (7 − 8.857)2 = 3.448

6 7 (7 − 8.857)2 = 3.448

7 6 (6 − 8.857)2 = 8.162

8 7 (7 − 8.857)2 = 3.448

9 8 (8 − 8.857)2 = 0.7344

10 8 (8 − 8.857)2 = 0.7344

11 5 (5 − 8.857)2 = 14.88

12 4 (4 − 8.857)2 = 23.59

13 7 (7 − 8.857)2 = 3.448

14 7 (7 − 8.857)2 = 3.448

15 6 (6 − 8.857)2 = 8.162

16 7 (7 − 8.857)2 = 3.448

17 8 (8 − 8.857)2 = 0.7344

18 5 (5 − 8.857)2 = 14.88

19 5 (5 − 8.857)2 = 14.88

20 7 (7 − 8.857)2 = 3.448
 21 8 (8 − 8.857)2 = 0.7344

TOTAL: 147.562

MEAN (X2) 8.857= 9 MEAN: 7.0268

For the final standard deviation: √𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛

Therefore, s2= √7.0268 = 2.651= 3

Figure 4. The table shows the standard deviation of the responses of the female
students of the Grade 11 STEM C.

For the 95% confidence interval of the difference of the means of the two groups,

namely the data gathered from the male and female respondents:

GIVEN:

X1= 7. 3636= 7 X2= 8.857= 9 a= 0.05

n1= 11 n2= 21 z 𝑎2 = 2.576

s1= 1 s2= 3

𝑠1 𝑠2
(𝑋1 − 𝑋2 ) ± 𝑍2𝑎 √ +
𝑛1 𝑛2

12 32
= (7 − 9) ± 2.576√ +
11 21

1 9
= (−2) ± 2.576√ +
11 21

= −2 ± 1.86

= (−0.14, −3.86)
CONCLUSION

With the acquired data and interval, the 95% confidence interval of the mean of the

two groups, namely the data obtained in male and female students of the Grade 11 STEM

C, is -0.14 to -3.86. Since zero does not lie within the confidence interval, there is no

chance or possibility of getting a zero difference in the mean output of the two groups.

Thus, it is possible to conclude that there is a significant difference between the two

groups. It implies a substantial difference between the amount of sleep of male and

female students of the Grade 11 STEM C.

APPENDIX

This part of the technical report presents the researchers' profile that made this

report possible.

GROUP 1