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Effects of Sleep Deprivation on the Academic Performance of Senior High School Students in
Polo National High School

A Research Proposal Presented to

The Faculty of the Senior High School
Polo National High School
City of Valenzuela, Metro Manila

In Partial Fulfillment of Course Requirements in

INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION, AND IMMERSION (III)

Submitted by:

Aquino, Jhon Renz M.

Decendario, John Angelo C.

Ochoa, John Carlo L.

Pasana, Cheryl C.

Romero, Rhosewyn V.

Tampo, Charmaine Joy G.

Tenorio, Gerrie Anne

12 – GAS – B

2024
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Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter contains the introduction, background of the study,

theoretical framework, conceptual framework, statement of the problem,

hypothesis, scope and delimitation, significance of the study, and the definition

of terms.

Introduction

The introduction chapter needs to state the objectives of the program of

research, include definitions of the key concepts and variables and give a brief

outline of the background and research approach. The aim of the introduction

is to contextualise the proposed research.

Background of the Study

Sleeping improves overall health both mental and physical. Getting an appropriate

amount of sleep is important for students, especially as it helps to support their mental

wellness. Sleep deprivation is a common problem that students in polo national high school

experience every day. However, students are spending less time sleeping due to a lack of self-

control; using social media and playing online games, studying, working , and other

responsibilities which makes them exhausted in class and affects their academic performance.

The researchers want to conduct this study to identify how strongly it can affect sleep
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deprivation to the academic performance of senior high school students in polo national high

school.

Theoretical Framework

A theoretical framework is a foundational review of existing theories that

serves as a roadmap for developing the arguments you will use in your own

work. Theories are developed by researchers to explain phenomena, draw

connections, and make predictions. In a theoretical framework, you explain the

existing theories that support your research, showing that your paper

or dissertation topic is relevant and grounded in established ideas.

Conceptual Framework

A conceptual framework illustrates the expected relationship between

your variables. It defines the relevant objectives for your research process and

maps out how they come together to draw coherent conclusions.

Statement of the Problem

It is a concise and concrete summary of the research problem you seek

to address.

Hypothesis

It is a statement that can be tested by scientific research. Include only

the alternative hypothesis here.

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Scope and Delimitation

Significance of the Study

This study would benefit the following:

Students. The results of the study will help students obtain the realization of the importance of

getting the right amount of sleep for their academic performance, making them do better in

school by having good enough sleep.

Teachers. This research will give teachers insights about sleep deprivation among students,

which can lead to teachers giving reminders to students to get enough sleep to improve their

academic performance.

Parents. Through this study, the parents would gain awareness with regard to their children's

academic performance that has been affected by lack of sleep, resulting in parents having to now

look for and supervise their kids' time of sleep.

Future Researchers. The findings of the study will serve as a guide for future researchers and

will provide them with further knowledge that can be used if they also choose to conduct the

same study in their locale.

Definition of Terms
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Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

The literature review chapter can be arranged in terms of the questions to

be considered or objectives/purposes set out in the Introduction chapter.

Start with an overview of this chapter by outlining the topics to be

discussed. For example [your thesis may have more than 3 topics and

therefore more sections]:

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, COGNITIVE ABILITY, AND SLEEP DEPRIVATION

Being engaged and active in class is one of the characteristics students should possess.

The students need to get enough sleep in order to achieve that. Their performance might suffer

due to a lack of presence of mind, resulting in students failing grades.

Cognitive Ability refers to how an individual gains knowledge, comprehends, and

analyzes problems. Cognition involving the human mind such as making decisions, processing

language, paying attention, solving problems, and using memory can influence one's actions

(Cherry, 2023). In developing Cognitive Ability, one must understand the importance of having

a healthy mind, one of the things a person must exercise is maintaining a good sleeping habit

(Gaines, 2021).
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Sleep deprivation occurs when an individual fails to get the amount of sleep that they

need. Sleep deprivation can occur due to various lifestyle, work and environmental factors.

Sleep disorders and other chronic medical conditions can also cause sleep deprivation. Sleep

deprivation is characterized by a lack of sleep, a poor sleeping pattern, insufficient sleep, or a

disordered sleep–wake cycle (Bandyopadhyay & Sigua 2019; Medic et al. 2017). It was defined

as not obtaining enough sleep in relation to one’s physiological and developmental demands in

order to maintain optimal attentiveness during the day.

It can affect a person’s health, well-being, and ability to focus on daily tasks. It can also

affect the immune system and may increase the risk of certain health conditions. Previous

studies have revealed that sleep deprivation can cause a series of changes in an individual’s

mood, cognitive ability, work performance, and immune function (Thomas, 2014). Sleep

deprivation not only damages the physical and mental health of the individual especially

students but also seriously affects academic performance, causing them to have a failure grades.

FACTORS AFFECTING SLEEP DEPRIVATION

Smartphone use at bedtime was found to have a negative impact on sleep quality among

students, leading to poor sleep quality and shorter sleep duration. As claimed by Owusu-Marfo

et al. (2018), nighttime screen use negatively impacts sleep. Using your phone in bed makes

falling and staying asleep hard and may interrupt your natural sleep cycle. However, our brains

are very sensitive to light, and the blue light emitted from cell phones and other electronic

devices delays melatonin production. Lack of melatonin can make it difficult to fall asleep,

which can lead to insomnia and fatigue over time.

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Additionally to this, Kurugodiyavar et al. (2018) find significant relationship between

smartphone addiction and sleep quality. Out of 240 medical students, 48.75% are poor sleepers

and that 117 students were also subjected as high users of smart phones. Appropriate utilization

of smartphones was suggested to improve better sleep quality.

Studying is also a reason why students lack sleep, it contributes to students' poor memory,

disturbance in class, behaviour, and mood, among other factors that can have a negative impact

on their academic performance.

As stated by Tanuj (2024), students had poor sleep quality, with a percentage of 33.8%.

There are many factors that contribute to having sleep deprivation, and one of these is high

expectations from parents to score well in academics. According to a similar study conducted by

Yilmaz (2017), 56.1% of nursing students or more than half of students are also experiencing

sleep deprivation that affects their performance and has a PSQI average of 5 or lower.

Working students frequently suffer from sleep deprivation since mixing their jobs and

schoolwork is a tough task. This problem is caused by a number of factors, such as busy

schedules, long work hours, approaching assignment deadlines, and the need to balance

obligations to your academic program and your job. The complex interactions among these

demands highlight the significance of treating the underlying causes and putting policies in place

to support working students' improved sleep hygiene and general well-being.

According to Beachy and Moore (2015), adequate sleep quality is crucial for students’

overall health, wellbeing, and academic performance. However, sleep quality is often

compromised by various activities that students engage in outside of school, such as

employment. In order to improve sleep quality, it is important to consider the role of

psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control over leisure time.

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University years are typically a time of exponential intellectual development. Even though

sleep is essential for learning, it is typically overlooked. Young adults who work and study

simultaneously are more likely to experience sleep deprivation and irregular sleep patterns.

Consolidating a professional, educational and social life is already a challenge. Sleep health

affects productivity and quality of life. (Agro, 2023)

EFFECT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

Sleep deprivation is associated with poorer academic performance and cognitive function

among students. A study concluded that the majority of the respondents (95.3%) obtained less

than the recommended 7-8 hours of sleep, and those who had lower GPAs were correlated with

lesser sleep duration, including a link between sleep deprivation and academic achievement

(Rose & Ramanan, 2017). Additionally, the passage mentions that students who were sleep

deprived, exhibited poor academic performance and cognitive function, highlight the negative

impact of sleep deprivation on this aspect.

Examined student-athletes' general sleeping pattern and the factors that affect sleep

quality, expecting better sleep quality has positive effects on athletes' performance such as better

decision-making, higher attention and speed of reaction time (Lo et al., 2017). The findings

showed that over 70% of student-athletes are suffering from poor sleep quality and the majority

of it negatively impacts the competition performance.

Furthermore, a study conducted by Maheshwari and Shaukat (2019) named "Impact of

Poor Sleep Quality on the Academic Performance of Medical Students" showed 64.24% among

Pakistani Medical students have poor sleep quality with their GPA's significantly lower than of
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good sleepers. Thus, concluding that students who have poor sleep quality have a negative

impact academically.

Inadequate sleep during college years can have significant consequences including sleep

deprivation, lower grade point average (GPAs), and decreased likelihood of college graduation.

Sleep deprivation caused by factors like irregular schedules and academic stress, can impair

cognitive function and lead to poor sleep quality (W-L. Chen & J-H. Chen, 2019). This can

result in lower GPAs as students struggle with memory, attention, and problem-solving skills

additionally, persistent sleep obtaining a college degree, potentially leading to academic setbacks

and an extended time to graduation.

As stated by Curcio (2017), among 150 respondents (75% response rate), 95.3% of

students obtained less than the recommended 7-8 hours of sleep. Notably, students with lower

GPAs were more likely to experience sleep deprivation. Additionally, cognitive functions such

as memory, attention, and concentration were impaired in college students with insufficient

sleep. The study finds that poor academic performance and impaired cognitive functions are

associated with sleep deprivation among students. The results emphasize the significance of

adequate sleep as an integral factor for better academic performance

Sleep measures accounted for nearly 25% of the variance in academic performance

(Okano et al., 2019). Providing quantitative evidence for better sleep quality, longer duration,

and greater consistency of sleep are strongly correlated with better academic performance in

college.

Exploring how insufficient sleep can lead to reduced cognitive function, impaired

concentration, and diminished memory retention, may result in difficulties with understanding

and retaining course materials, affecting academic achievements (Cort-Blackson, 2018).

Additionally, disrupted sleep patterns may contribute to increased stress levels and negatively
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impact mental health, further influencing overall performance in the online learning

environment.

SUMMARY AND IMPLICATIONS

Sleep deprivation can significantly impact not only students health but also their academic

performance. Studies indicate that insufficient sleep could lead to negative effects on

concentration, memory consolidation, and cognitive function (Thomas, 2014). These results

increase the chances of academic work difficulties, lower grades, and learning problems.

As students' academic performance associations with sleep deprivation

were looked into, factors affecting sleep deprivation were contemplated as well.

Smartphones utilization in modern civilization gives valuable knowledge to

everyone, especially the learners. However as screen time reduces melatonin

which makes the body harder to sleep, night time screen use negatively

impacts sleep (Owusu-Marfo et al. 2018). While maintaining good academic

performance status can be easy for some, students who have extra pressure

and responsibilities tend to have limited time, which resulted in doing it late at

night. Although adequate sleep quality is crucial for students’ overall health,

wellbeing, and academic performance (Beachy and Moore, 2015), responsibility

being taken into consideration broadens perspective with regards to working

students who have restricted, unbalanced time for self and school which leads

to irregular sleeping habit that causes poor sleep quality.

D epartment of E ducation – National Capital Region
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