THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCES OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ELECTRON

COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

A Technological Research Presented to the Faculty of Formal Education Department of

Valenzuela City Electron College

In Partial Fulfillment For The Science, Technology

Engineering And Mathematics

Marquez, Justine R.

Milan, Renz Christian P.

Maniquez, Eunice D.

Noynay, Wyncess Leonie R.

Peñol, Cymon B.

Santos, Jose Gabriel R.

Seredon, Mark D.

Tano, Jhanna Mia N.

Ventura, Jrickson C.
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND AND REVIEW OF RELATED

LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Introduction

The additional two years of high school in the Philippine Educational System,

school becomes for students in senior high school, the situation is overwhelming. They

are inundated with academic material. Tasks such as assignments, product creation,

and so on practices and other activities that are part of a greater proportion of their

grade. That is why there is no surprise that these STEAM-focused students. Academic

tracks are overrun with academics undertaking. Making projects consumes a lot of time,

many hours, causing students to stay up late at night to complete the projects they have

and prepare for their exams the day after. As a result, these students may face

problems if they continue to be sleep-deprived. In the future, there will be health risks.

There are numerous negative outcomes when students do not receive the

recommended amount of sleep. As a result, they must be aware of the consequences

and comprehend the dangers they pose (Anna S. Urrila et al. 2017; Ahmed S.

2017;BaHammam et al.2012). According to Peri (2014), the brain event sharp wave

ripples are associated with the memory consolidation. The ripples frequently pass data

transferred from the hippocampus to the brain’s long-term memories are stored in the

neocortex processed. Typically, during the deepest stages of sharp wave ripples occur

during sleep. Consequently, the interpretation of events and decisions is affected. Sleep

deprivation is said to make people make bad decisions.

Like eating, drinking and breathing, sleeping is one of the basic needs of a

human. Sleep deprivation can lead to physical and mental health problems, and

reduced productivity of the student. A common myth is that people can learn to sleep

less without being negatively affected. However, it shows that getting enough, quality

sleep at the right time is important for mental health, physical health, quality of life and

safety.

Results showed that 88% of the students had sleep problems and that they

typically slept for less than 6 hours each night. Playing smartphone games and utilizing

Facebook and Messenger were two of the causes of staying up late. Making homework

and assignments was the third motivation. The most common behaviors in the

classroom are: Students were sleepy during class discussions and fell asleep during

class free time, with the third most prevalent behavior being fatigue during class. Her
61% of students have an overall average of 75-79, which is fair enough, and 29% have

grades of 80-84, which is fair only on her K-12 grading system.

Sleep deprivation occurs if the person does not get the amount of sleep they need.

Lack of sleep directly affects how students think and feel in our environment. Even after

just one night without enough rest, we students can feel very tired during the day with

slow thinking, and lack of energy.

This study aims to explore the effects of sleep deprivation on the academic

performances of senior high school students and aims to give knowledge on the effect

of sleep deprivation to the students. Students need to be aware of the importance of

sleep to success in their academic performances. Many learning-related cognitive

functions suffer dramatically from even mild sleep deprivation. The senior high school

students reduced academic performance significantly predicted by poor sleep quality.

 Conceptual Framework

The following paradigm shows the flow of the input, process and output.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1.The 1. Survey The effects of

demographic Questionnai sleep deprivation
profile of res on the Academic
respondents in 2. Analyzing performance of
terms of: data senior high school
3. Collecting students.
1.1 Gender
Data
1.2 Age
1.3 Strand
1.4 Grade level
1.5 Health Issues

2.The academic
performances of
students in terms
of:
2.1 Academic
grades
2.2 Award
2.3 School
activities
2.4 Exam results
2.5 Class
attendance
3. The significant

difference in the

relationship between

sleep deprivation

and academic

performances of

senior high school

students perceived

by the respondents

in terms of academic

grades, awards,
Figure 1.Paradigm of the Study

The paradigm of this study consists of input, process and output. The input which

is on the left side consists of respondents demographic profile, terms of students

academic performances and significant difference between two variables that is

perceived by the respondents. Followed by the process that consists of

a survey questionnaire, analyzing data and collecting data. The last one on the right

side is the output that consists of the effects of sleep deprivation on the academic

performances of senior high school students.

Statement of the Problem

This study entitled “The Relationship Between Sleep Deprivation And Academic

Performances Of Senior High School Students In Electron College Of Technical

Education” aims to investigate how sleep deprivation affects the academic

performances of students.

Specifically, the study must answer the following questions:

1.The demographic profile of respondents in terms of:

1.1 Gender

1.2 Age

1.3 Strand

1.4 Grade level

1.5 Health Issues

2.The academic performances of students in terms of:

1.1 Academic grades

1.2 Awards

1.3 Strand

1.4 Exam results

1.5 Health Issue

 3. Is there a significant difference in the relationship between sleep deprivation

and academic performances of senior high school students perceived by the

respondents in terms of academic grades, awards, school activities, exam results and

class attendance when the demographic profile is considered.

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference in the relationship between sleep deprivation and

academic performances of senior high school students perceived by the respondents in

terms of academic grades, awards, school activities, exam results and class attendance

when the demographic profile is considered.

Significance of the Study

Future Researchers – This will help them and serve as their reference who aims to

conduct research that is related to this study.

Researcher – This is for a researchers to study about the relationship between sleep

deprivation and academic performances.

Students – This study aims how students affect their academic performances if they

are experiencing sleep deprivation.

Teachers – This study gives an opportunity to acknowledge how the sleep deprivation

affects the academic performances of senior high students.

Scope and of Delimitations

 This study aims to determine the relationship between sleep deprivation and

academic performances of senior high school students that are experiencing sleep

deprivation.

This research will only cover the Grade 11 Students in Electron College Of

Technical Education s.y. 2022-2023.

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Foreign Literature
 The stress brought on by the increased scholastic demands on college

students is probably the main cause of their frequent complaints about sleep problems

(Pascoe et al., Citation2020). A sudden change in sleeping environment, increased

social possibilities, and busy schedules might all be additional contributing reasons

(Haile et al., Citation2017). (American Medical Association, American Academy of Sleep

Medicine, Citation 2010; National Sleep Foundation, Citation 2006) In addition to posing

a serious risk to adolescents and young adults’ health, wellbeing, and academic

performance, sleep deprivation also has a significant negative impact on this group’s

health, happiness, and performance (Gaultney, Citation2010; Haile et al., Citation2017).

To determine the prevalence of sleep disorders among college students,

numerous research studies have been conducted. In particular, college students

typically report experiencing insomnia, restless legs syndrome (RLS), circadian rhythm

disorders (CRDs), mood disorders, narcolepsy, and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)

(Gaultney, Citation2010; Haile et al., Citation2017; Piro et al., Citation2018). Past

research has revealed that 69% of college students suffer from sleeplessness

(Abdalqadir et al., Citation2018; Sing & Wong, Citation2010). Less often recognized

disorders include narcolepsy (1.3%), depressive disorders (14.5%), nightmares (6.6%),

sleepwalking (5.7%), and CRDs (19.6%). (Piro et al., Citation2018).

In addition, there have been conflicting reports regarding the prevalence of sleep

disorders among college students. Importantly, gender, financial level, and cultural
factors all affect the prevalence of these illnesses. In one study, roughly 30.7% and

13.6% of medical students,

respectively, experienced RLS and OSA (Piro et al., Citation2018). Yet, according to

other researchers, the prevalence of these illnesses is, respectively, 8% and 4%.

(Gaultney, Citation2010). Moreover, narcolepsy and nightmares are allegedly more

prevalent in women than men (Piro et al., Citation2018).

It is commonly known that sleep and academic achievement are related. Lack

of sleep causes daytime tiredness and increased drowsiness, which reduces mental

clarity and focus (Reisi et al., Citation2017). The capacity to handle tasks requiring

problem-solving, memory, and attention to detail may be impacted by this (Aloha &

Polo-Kantola, Citation2007). As a result, students with sleep difficulties have been

reported to have a higher chance of academic failure and have grade point averages

(GPAs) below 2.0. (Gaultney, Citation 2010). 80% of high school students in the United

States who reported getting enough sleep received As and Bs, while the opposite was

true for those who reported experiencing daytime sleepiness and insufficient sleep.

These findings come from the National Sleep Foundation (National Sleep Foundation,

Citation2006).

Local Literature
 The brain cannot function effectively without enough sleep. Your capacity to

focus, think clearly, and process memories may be hampered by this. Most adults need

seven to nine hours of sleep per night. Particularly if they are younger than five years

old, kids and teenagers require a lot more sleep. Medical issues, work schedules,

everyday worries, a noisy bedroom, and other factors can all keep us from getting

adequate sleep. An appropriate quantity of sleep each night can be ensured with a

balanced diet and favorable lifestyle choices, but for some people, persistent

sleeplessness may be the first indication of a sleep disorder. According to the 2016

Healthy Living Index Survey, found that 46% of Filipinos do not get enough sleep,

making them one of the countries in Asia with the highest rates of sleep deprivation.

Lack of sleep can have an impact on a child's academic performance and may

raise their chance of developing emotional issues like depression. Shift work, meeting

deadlines, an uncomfortable or noisy bedroom, using electronic devices right before

bed or leaving them there, medical issues like depression, sleep apnea, or chronic pain,

and caring for a loved one during the night are just a few of the many causes of

insufficient sleep (NO I Zamubec Alomar C. Adlawan).

Foreign Study
 College students frequently experience sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation can

affect one’s general health and success in both the workplace and the classroom (post-

graduation). Poorly managed sleep can have detrimental physiological repercussions

on the body. Mentally and intellectually. In relation to the acknowledged issue of sleep

deprivation, it is vital to comprehend the necessity of getting enough sleep.

The following content for the Dominican University of California Library.

The sources for the research literature were UpToDate, Iceberg, and PubMed.

Considering the results of 6 sleep deprivation, Twelve articles about sleep deprivation

were compiled from these databases. Using terms like “sleep deprivation”, “college

students”, “nursing”, “physiological, psychological, and cognitive” were input into the

databases to find content relating to our particular topic.

Local Study
 The effects of full and partial sleep on cognition much research has been done

on deprivation with total sleep deficiency. Many studies have already established the

lower performance as a result of total sleep deprivation impaired working memory, poor

attention, and vigilance. Contrary to complete lack of sleep, there are a small number of

studies on the cognitive impact of prolonged sleep deprivation in part. They comprise a

diminished Speed and precision are only a few of the negative outcomes. The fact that

participants with chronic partial sleep deprivation have greater detrimental metabolic

effects, such as elevated ghrelin and decreased leptin, is notable and may help to

explain why these people have higher BMIs.

Addressing medical students specifically, several Numerous research have

demonstrated that insufficient sleep is linked to with less capacity to select the accurate

response in multiple-choice tests, which could lead to lower scores. Academic standing

between resident doctors and consultants engaged in hospital on-call responsibilities,

lack of sleep’s impacts include increasing mistake rates in inadequate intubations,

inadequate intensive care units, and absence of compassion for patients and their

families. These are all Medical professionals’ low quality of life may be caused by a

number of circumstances. Professionals in medicine and pupils. (Manuel Peter Paul C.

Jorge II, Ralph Elvi M. Villalobos and Jewel Cordelle C. Nuñal)

Definition of Terms
Academic Performance-Refers to how well a student is accomplishing his or her tasks

and studies.

Cognitive Functions – Normal cognitive abilities that are crucial for functioning in daily

life.

Hippocampus – The elongated ridges on the floor of each lateral ventricle of the brain,

thought to be the center of emotion, memory, and the autonomic nervous system.

Memory Consolidation – A crucial step in the development of long-term memory.

Neocortex – Part of the cerebral cortex concerned with sight and hearing in mammals,

regarded as the most recently evolved part of the cortex.

Sleep Deprivation – The situation or condition of suffering from a lack of sleep.

 Chapter II

METHODOLOGY

In this study, we will know the design of the research study, locale of the research,

respondents of the study, the instrumentation, sample and sampling technique, how the

data gathered and the statistical treatment of the data.

Research Design

This study will use descriptive research design. It is a set of methods and procedures

to gather information, collecting and analyzing data of the variable specified in the

problems. Descriptive research is a study method that is designed to illustrate the

participant in a precise way.

In this research study, survey questionnaires are use to determine the relationship

between sleep deprivation and academic performances of senior high school students

in electron college.

Research Locale
 The research were conducted in Electron College Of Technical Education in

Malanday campus. The researchers target respondents is the grade 11 STEM students

in Electron Malanday Campus. The respondents are: 20 STEM students. The

respondents response to the online survey questionnaire that is prepared by the

researchers.

Location Map of Electron Malanday Campus

The research conducted in Electron Malanday campus because this study is

related to the senior high school students in this school.

Respondents of The Study

The respondents were grade 11 STEM students in Electron Malanday campus. The

respondents are: 20 grade 11 STEM students in Electron College of Technical

Education in Malanday campus.

Instrumentation

The researchers used an online survey questionnaire for grade 11 STEM students

in Electron Malanday campus. The respondents answered through google forms using

their email accounts. The instrument used by the researchers was the likert scale

questionnaire. This questionnaire will lead the researchers to know the relationship

between sleep deprivation and academic performances on the senior high school

students in Electron College of Technical Education. The answers that will be gathered

will help the researchers determine if there is a significant correlation between the

relationship of sleep deprivation and academic performances of the senior high school

grade 11 STEM students.

Likert Scale

Likert Scale is a psychometric scale commonly involved in research that employs

questionnaires, such as survey questionnaire. Likert scale is used to allow the

respondents to express the relationship between sleep deprivation and academic

performances of senior high school students in Electron College of Technical Education.

 Point value Rating Interpretation

5 4.51 - 5.00 Highly Acceptable (HA)

4 3.51 - 4.50 Acceptable (A)

3 2.51 – Moderately Acceptable (MA)
3.50
2 1.51 – Less Acceptable (LA)
2.50
1 1.00 – Not Acceptable (NA)
1.50

Sample and Sampling Technique

The sampling that utilized by the researchers called Simple Random Sampling. It is a

randomly selected subset of a population. In this sampling method, each member of the

population has an exactly equal chance of being selected. This method is the most

straightforward of all the probability sampling methods since it only involves a single

random selection and requires little advance knowledge about the population because it

uses randomization. Any research performed on this sample should have high internal

and external validity and be at the lower risk for research biases like sampling and

selection bias.

The researcher used the purposive sampling. It is a group of non-probability

sampling techniques in which units are selected because they have characteristics that

you need in your sample.

Data Gathering

After the validation of the online survey questionnaire, the survey was conducted

through online. The respondents answered through google forms and had an access

using their email accounts. The respondents had no limitation of time in answering the

questionnaire that given by the researchers.

The data gathered from the survey questionnaire were organized through the use of

table and tally sheets and presented using the table. Statistical analysis was employed

in the processing and interpreting data.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The statistical treatment of data is the act of taking raw data and transforming it into

something that can be evaluated and utilized to make decisions. Statistics uses variety

of strategies to handle data in the appropriate ways. All experiments, whether social,

scientific, or otherwise, must be statistically treated. The type of experiment and

intended outcome of the experiment have a significant impact on how the data are

statistically treated.

Percentage

Percentage distribution used for the first part of the questionnaire which is the

profile of the respondents.

The formula: p=fnx100%

Where:

p = percent

f = Frequency

n = number of respondents

Mean

Mean aspects used to describe the level of acceptability on food waste

management practices of quick serving restaurants.

The formula: x= ∑f/n

Where:

x = mean

f = frequency
n = total number of the respondents or total frequency

Weighted Mean

Weighted mean also called as weighted average, it is an arithmetic average

where in each value is weighted according to its importance in the whole group of data.

The formula::wm=∑fw/n

Where:

w = weight/scale

f = frequency

m = mean

n = total number of respondents or total frequency

Chi-square (x²)

The chi-square test is used to determine whether there is a significant difference

between the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies in one more

categories.

The formula:x2=∑o-E2E

Where:

o = observed frequency

e = expected frequency

∑= summation

x² = Chi square value

The Formula: E=RTCTOT

Where:
RT = Row Total

CT = Column Total

OT = Overall Total

Degree of Freedom

The formula: df=(r-1)(c-1)

Where:

r = row

c = column