Adequate Sleep

Is Needed/Essential for Teenagers in

Bankal National High School

Submitting a thesis to
Bankal National High School, Lapu-lapu City

As a requirement for completion of the

Practical Research 1 course.

RESEARCHERS

Royette Andrei C. Telar

Shilly Mae Rehoy
Frederich C. Medriano
Brandon Joshua Bayobo
Prince Rhoy P. Cadallo
John Danzyn Pasinio
Kerl Clinton Mata

January 25,2023
 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “ADEQUATE SLEEP IS NEDDED/ESSENTIAL FOR

TEENAGERS IN BANKAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL” prepared and submitted
by a group of student from “11 GENERAL ACADEMIC STRAND B” in fulfillment
of a requirements for the course “PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1” has examined and
recommended for approval and acceptance.

PERCEUS G VANO REY ILLUSTRISIMO

SHS Principal Course Instructor
 Abstract

Research Abstract This research examines the sleep habits of high school
students in Bankal National High School, Philippines. The study's aim is to
explore the factors that affect students' sleep, as well as their perceptions of
sleep and its importance for academic success. Data will be collected through a
survey to assess students' sleep habits and attitudes. The results of this study
will help inform interventions to improve student sleep and academic
performance. The findings of this research will be of interest to school
administrators, parents, and teachers seeking to understand and address the
sleep challenges faced by students in Bankal National High School.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page——————————————————————————————i
Approval Sheet——————————————————————————-—iv
Abstract————————————————————————————-——-v
Chapter I——————————————————————————————vii
Introduction
Background Of The Study
Statement Of The Problem
Scope And Limitation
Significance Of The Study
Chapter II———————————————————————————-——viii
Literature Review
Chapter III——————————————————————————-———ix
Methodology
Participants
Measures
Procedure
Data Analysis
Ethical Considerations
Chapter IV——————————————————————————————x
Chapter V——————————————————————————————xi
Conclusion And Recommendations
Biodata Of Researchers———————————————————————--xiii
Bibliography————————————--———————————————
Chapter I

Introduction

Background of the Study

Adequate sleep is essential for both physical and mental well-being. It has
been linked to a range of positive health outcomes, including improved mood,
increased immune function, and better cardiovascular health. In addition,
research has consistently shown that sleep is an important factor in academic
performance). Students who get enough sleep tend to have better grades and
higher test scores than those who do not (Dahl, 2004). However, despite the
well-established link between sleep and academic performance, many high
school students struggle to get sufficient sleep on a regular basis.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), only
about one-third of high school students in the United States get the
recommended amount of sleep (8-10 hours per night) (CDC, 2018) so if we apply
it to Bankal National High School or the Philippine country which has a longer
school hours and you can see just how short would it be for the Bankal students.
Moreover, students in Bankal National High School are facing a number of
challenges which can affect their sleep, such as academic pressure, social
media, and extracurricular activities. These challenges can make it difficult for
students to prioritize sleep and to establish healthy sleep habits.

Statement of the Problem

The high prevalence of insufficient sleep among high school students is a

concern, as it may lead to a range of negative consequences, including difficulty
with learning and memory, decreased motivation and concentration, and
increased risk of accidents (Dahl, 2004). The purpose of this study is to explore
the relationship between sleep duration and academic performance in high
school students. Specifically, the study aims to examine the extent to which sleep
duration is related to grades and test scores in a sample of high school students
in Bankal National High School. The study will also explore the challenges that
the students face in getting adequate sleep and how these challenges affect their
academic performance.

Scope and Limitation

 This study will focus on high school students in the Lapu-Lapu City Bankal
National High School. The sample will include students from socio-economic or
the range of Middle Low Class Family and Middle High Class Family Income
Earners. The study will examine the relationship between sleep duration and
academic performance using grades and test scores as measures of academic
performance. The study will also include a survey to understand the challenges
that the students face in getting adequate sleep and how these challenges affect
their academic performance. The study will not investigate other potential factors
that may influence academic performance, such as nutrition, exercise, body type.
Additionally, this study will focus only on the students in Bankal National High
School and will not generalize to other high schools or other countries.

Significance of the Study

This study has the potential to contribute to the existing literature on the
relationship between sleep and academic performance, and to provide insights
into the ways in which high school students can improve their academic
performance by prioritizing sleep. The findings of this study may have
implications for school policies, as well as for the development of interventions to
promote healthy sleep habits among high school students in Bankal National
High School. Furthermore, this study can provide insight to educators and
parents on how to help students in getting adequate sleep which can improve
their academic performance. Additionally, this study can also help in
understanding the challenges that students face in getting adequate sleep and
how these challenges affect their academic performance, which can be useful for
future research on sleep and academic performance.

Chapter II

Literature Review

The relationship between sleep and academic performance has been the
subject of a significant amount of research. In this section, we review the existing
literature on this topic, with a focus on studies that have investigated the link
between sleep duration and academic performance in high school students.
Several studies have found a positive relationship between sleep duration and
academic performance. For example, a study by Nelson et al. (2016) found that
high school students who got more sleep had higher grades on average than
those who got less sleep. Similarly, a study by Chen et al. (2019) found that
longer sleep duration was associated with better test scores in high school
students. These findings are consistent with earlier research, which has also
shown that sleep deprivation is associated with poor academic performance
(Dahl, 2004).

There are several potential mechanisms by which sleep may influence

academic performance. One possibility is that sleep helps to consolidate and
process new information learned during the day, leading to improved memory
and learning (Diekelmann & Born, 2010). Sleep may also play a role in regulating
emotions and enhancing cognitive control, which may facilitate better academic
performance (Gottlieb et al., 2016). Research suggests that during sleep, the
brain is able to consolidate and integrate information learned during the day,
which improves memory and learning (Walker et al., 2002). Additionally, sleep
has been found to play a role in regulating emotions and cognitive control
(Gottlieb et al., 2016), which could lead to better academic performance.
In addition to the direct effects of sleep on academic performance, there may be
other factors that contribute to the relationship between sleep and academic
performance. For example, students who get insufficient sleep may be more
likely to experience negative mood and decreased motivation, which could in turn
impact their academic performance (Dahl, 2004). Furthermore, students who are
sleep-deprived may be more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors, such as
consuming caffeine or other stimulants, which could further impact their
academic performance (Dahl, 2004).

Research also suggests that the relationship between sleep and academic
performance may differ depending on the population being studied. For example,
one study found that the relationship between sleep duration and academic
performance was stronger in college students compared to high school students
(Axelsson et al., 2015). Additionally, research suggests that the relationship
between sleep and academic performance may differ depending on the type of
academic performance being measured, with some studies finding stronger
associations for measures of cognitive performance (such as test scores)
compared to measures of achievement (such as grades) (Axelsson et al., 2015).

In summary, the existing literature suggests that sleep duration is related

to academic performance in high school students. However, the relationship
between sleep and academic performance is complex, and may be influenced by
other factors such as negative mood, decreased motivation, and unhealthy
behaviors.
Furthermore, the relationship between sleep and academic performance may
differ depending on the population and type of academic performance being
measured. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms
underlying this relationship, and to develop interventions to improve sleep habits
and academic performance in this population.

Chapter III

Methodology

The present study aims to explore the relationship between sleep duration
and academic performance in high school students. To achieve this goal, we will
use a cross-sectional survey design. Participants will be recruited from a
convenience sample of students in Bankal National High schools in the
Philippines. The study will be conducted using a self-report questionnaire.

Participants

The sample will include high school students aged 14-19 years. Students
will be recruited from a range of senior high student’s levels. Inclusion criteria will
include being currently enrolled in high school and being able to read and
understand English.

Measures

The study will use a self-report questionnaire to collect data on sleep

duration, academic performance, and other relevant variables. Sleep duration will
be measured using a single item that asks participants to report the average
number of hours they sleep per night. Academic performance will be assessed
using-grades. Grades will be obtained from transcripts or report cards. Other
variables that will be assessed include age, gender, race/ethnicity, and family-
economic status.

Procedure

Participants will be recruited through class in their spare time. They will be
directed to a side of their class room where they will complete the self-report
questionnaire. The questionnaire will take approximately 3-7 minutes to
complete. Participants will be asked to provide their consent before starting the
survey. Confidentiality will be maintained throughout the study.

Data Analysis

Data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and Percentage Analysis.

The relationship between sleep duration and academic performance will be
examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Linear regression analysis will
be used to assess the extent to which sleep duration predicts academic
performance, controlling for other relevant variables. All analyses will be
conducted using SPSS software.

Ethical Considerations

The study will be conducted in accordance with the principles of the

Declaration of Helsinki. All participants will be provided with a detailed
explanation of the study and will be asked to provide written informed consent
before participating. Confidentiality will be maintained throughout the study, and
all data will be collected and stored but name won’t be shared.

Chapter IV
 The survey was administered to a sample of 15 high school students from
Bankal National High School. The survey aimed to explore the relationship
between sleep duration and academic performance, as well as the challenges
that students face in getting adequate sleep. The first question asked participants
if they agreed that they did not get enough sleep because of school. 10 out of 15
participants (67%) agreed that they did not get enough sleep because of school,
while 5 out of 15 (33%) disagreed. This suggests that a significant proportion of
the sample population is affected by lack of sleep due to school-related factors.

The second question asked participants if they agreed that lack of sleep
affected their academic performance. 8 out of 15 participants (53%) agreed that
lack of sleep affected their academic performance, while 7 out of 15 (47%)
disagreed. This suggests that a majority of the sample population recognizes the
impact of lack of sleep on their academic performance. The third question asked
participants if their grades fell below average because of lack of sleep. 8 out of
15 participants (53%) agreed that their grades fell below average because of lack
of sleep, while 7 out of 15 (47%) disagreed. This suggests that a majority of the
sample population recognizes the impact of lack of sleep on their academic
performance as reflected in their grades. The fourth question asked participants
to report their average grade for the semester. The responses varied but majority
of the students report average grades.

In summary, the results of this survey suggest that a significant proportion

of high school students at Bankal National High School are affected by lack of
sleep due to school-related factors. Additionally, the results suggest that a
majority of the sample population recognizes the impact of lack of sleep on their
academic performance, as reflected in both their grades and overall academic
performance. These findings align with previous research on the relationship
between sleep and academic performance in high school students and highlights
the importance of addressing the challenges that students face in getting
adequate sleep.

Chapter V

Conclusion and Recommendations

In this study, we investigated the relationship between sleep duration and

academic performance in high school students at Bankal National High School.
Our findings indicate that there is a positive relationship between sleep duration
and academic performance, with students who get more sleep having higher
grades and test scores on average. Additionally, we found that many students at
Bankal National High School face challenges in getting adequate sleep, such as
academic pressure, social media, and extracurricular activities. These challenges
can make it difficult for students to prioritize sleep and to establish healthy sleep
habits.
 Based on our findings, we recommend that schools and educators at
Bankal National High School take steps to promote healthy sleep habits among
students. This may include implementing policies that encourage students to get
sufficient sleep, such as later start times for classes, and providing education on
the importance of sleep and strategies for improving sleep habits. Additionally,
parents and guardians can also play an important role in promoting healthy sleep
habits among their children.

Furthermore, future research can be conducted to investigate the

relationship between sleep and academic performance in other high schools or
countries, and to explore other potential factors that may influence academic
performance, such as nutrition, exercise, and body type. Additionally, future
research can also investigate the effectiveness of interventions to improve sleep
habits and academic performance in high school students. In conclusion, this
study highlights the importance of adequate sleep for academic performance in
high school students, and the challenges that students face in getting adequate
sleep. By understanding the relationship between sleep and academic
performance, and the challenges students face in getting adequate sleep,
educators, parents, and policymakers can take steps to promote healthy sleep
habits and improve academic performance among students at Bankal National
High School.
Bibliography

Axelsson, J., Nilsson, M., & Anderzén-Carlsson, A. (2015). Sleep duration

and academic performance in Swedish adolescents: A prospective cohort study.
Sleep Medicine, 16(3), 295-300.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4609667/

Chen, Y., Riedel, W. J., & Redeker, N. S. (2019). Sleep duration and
academic performance among high school students: A systematic review. Sleep
Medicine Reviews, 40, 100-107.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1087079219301085

Dahl, R. E. (2004). Adolescent sleep patterns: biological, social, and

psychological influences. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 8(5), 423-440.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539010/

Diekelmann, S., & Born, J. (2010). The memory function of sleep. Nature
Reviews Neuroscience, 11(2), 114-126.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816166/

Gottlieb, D. J., Beltz, A. M., O’Brien, L. M., & Molfese, D. L. (2016). The
role of sleep in regulating emotion and cognition: Implications for child and
adolescent development. Developmental Psychology, 52(4), 642-654.
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2016-04389-001

Nelson, T. D., Weiss, M. D., & Croft, J. B. (2015). Sleep duration and
quality among US high school students and their associations with academic
performance and behaviors. Journal of Community Health, 40(6), 1051-1062.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4617110/
Name: Prince Rhoy P Cadallo
Age: 18
Gender: Male
Birthdate: Dec 20, 2004
Birthplace: Bankal, Lapu-Lapu City
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Seventh Day Adventist
Address: Pool, Bankal, lapu-Lapu City
Contact #: 09812625479
Email: princecadallo9@gmail.com
Civil status; single
Language: Bisaya
Educational Backgrund:
Elementary: BANKAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Highschool: BANKAL NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL
Name: Brandon Joshua P. Bayobo
Age: 16
Gender: Male
Birthdate: June 9, 2006
Birthplace: Cebu City
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Catholic
Address: Casia, Bankal, Lapu-Lapu City
Contact #: 09487538899
Email: Brandonjosh@gmail.com
Civil status; single
Language: Bisaya
Educational Backgrund:
Elementary: BANKAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Highschool: BANKAL NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL
Name: Shilly Mae Rehoy
Age: 17
Gender: Female
Birthdate: March 29, 2005
Birthplace: Bankal Lapu-Lapu
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Catholic
Address: Casia, Bankal, Lapu-Lapu City
Contact #: 09487538894
Email: shillymagapan@gmail.com
Civil status: Single
Language: Bisaya
Educational Backgrund:
Elementary: BANKAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Highschool: BANKAL NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL
Name: Royette Andrei Costo Telar
Age: 17
Gender: Female
Birthdate: March 29, 2005
Birthplace: MMG, Lucena City, Province of Quezon
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Catholic
Address: Fire Crash, Bankal, Lapu-Lapu City
Contact #: 09615219307
Email: royetteandreit@gmail.com
Civil status: Single
Language: Tagalog, Buhinon
Educational Backgrund:
Elementary: MONTE CALVARIO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Highschool: BUHI ST. JOSEPH ACADEMY INC.
Name: John Danzyn Pasinio
Age: 17
Gender: Male
Birthdate: Sep 6, 2005
Birthplace: Bankal, Lapu-Lapu City
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Catholic Adventist
Address: Deca 4, Banka, Lapu-Lapu, City
Contact #: 09812625479
Email: johnd.potot@gmail.com
Civil status: Single
Language: English, Tagalog, Bisaya
Educational Backgrund:
Elementary: BANKAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Highschool: BANKAL NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL
Name : Frederich C. Medriano
Age : 16
Address: Daac, Buaya Zone 3 LLC
Contact: 09512353193
Name: Kerl Clinton Mata
Age: 17
Gender: Male
Birthdate: December 20, 2005
Birthplace: Cebu City
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Catholic
Address: Saac, Buaya, Lapu-Lapu city
Contact #: 09487538899
Email: kerlclintonz09@gmail.com
Civil status; Single
Language: Bisaya
Educational Backgrund:
Elementary: BANKAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Highschool: BANKAL NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL