TLE 7

Agricultural Crop Production

 Agriculture Is the cultivation of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel,
medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance human life.
 Crop is the produce of cultivated plants especially cereals.
 Crop production one of the branches of agriculture, that deals with the cultivation of
plants utilized by man for any purpose, for sale or domestic consumption.
 Horticulture the branch of plant agriculture dealing with garden crops, generally fruits,
vegetables, and ornamental plants.
 Forestry is the means by which trees can be produced as a renewable resource for wood
or biomass for direct timber sales, production of trees.
 Aquaculture is breeding, raising, and harvesting fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants.
 Livestock agriculture also involves raising animals for various purposes example such as
cow for meat and milk, chickens for eggs and meat, and pigs for meat.
Farm Tools in Crop Production
Hand tools these are objects that are usually light and are used without the help of animals and
machineries.

Farm tools are used in the processes of land preparation

COMMON HAND TOOLS USED ON FARMS:

1.Hand trowel is a small, handled tool with a 2.Shovel is used for digging, lifting, and
pointed blade. It’s used for digging small holes, moving soil, sand, or other materials
transplanting plants, and removing weeds.
3.Crowbar is used for digging big holes and for 4.Pick-mattock is used for digging canals,
digging out big stone and stumps. breaking hard topsoil and for digging up stones
and tree stumps.

5.Axe is for cutting bigger size post. 6.Bolo is used for cutting tall grasses and
weeds and chopping branches of trees.

7.Pruning shears is for cutting of branches of 8.Sickle is used for the harvesting of

planting materials and unnecessary branches of vegetables, cereal crops and cutting of the
plants. grass.
 9.Wheelbarrow is a garden tool that's used to 10.Rake is used for cleaning the ground and
transport piles of dirt, weeds, or any other small leveling the topsoil.
load.

11.Sprinklers used for watering seedlings and 12.Sprayers used in spraying insecticides,
young plants. fertilizers, fungicides and herbicides.

Hand ffork
13.Hand fork Is used for inter row cultivation.

Farm Implements and Equipment

FARM IMPLEMENTS These are accessories attached to a machine (like a tractor) or pulled by animals
in preparing the land for planting.

 PLOWS This farming implement used for initial cultivation to loosen or turn the soil in
preparation for sowing seed or planting.
 HARROW It is made of either metal or wood used to clean and level the soil after cultivation. It
is mounted on a tractor.
 ROTAVATOR It is a large and heavy implement mounted on a tractor to cultivate and pulverize
the soil.
 PLOWS HARROW

ROTAVATOR

FARM EQUIPMENT These are machineries used in crop production. They are used in land preparation
and in transporting farm inputs and products.

• HAND TRACTOR It is used for plowing, harrowing the field, cultivating growing plants and
hauling farm materials and harvest.

• FOUR WHEEL TRACTORS It is used to pull disc plow and disc harrow in preparing much bigger
area of land.
• GRASS CUTTER It is used to cut grasses prior to plowing.

• HARVESTER This machine is used to facilitate harvesting crops.

• THRESHER This equipment is used to separate the head of a stalk of grain from the straw and
separates the kernel from the rest of the head.

• PLANTER/SEEDER This equipment automatically plants seed in the ground.

• MILLER This machine is used in processing of corn and rice milling.

• WATER PUMP It is used extensively in agriculture to move water from the water source, which
could be a river, dam or bore, through pipes to either a point of usage or a storage facility, such
as a water tank or an irrigation system.

HAND TRACTOR FOUR WHEEL TRACTORS

 HARVESTER
GRASS CUTTER

THRESHER MILLER
 WATER PUMP
PLANTER/SEEDER

Proper Care and Maintenance of Tools, Implements and Equipment

 Proper care must also be given to tools and equipment to lengthen their life and
usefulness and to avoid the cost of repair and maintenance.

 Keeping equipment in good working condition is half the formula for being safe. The
other half is the ability and awareness of the person operating the equipment.

Handout in Guidelines
  Keeping equipment in good working condition is half the formula for being safe. The other half is
the ability and awareness of the person operating the equipment.

GUIDELINES FOR CLEANING AND CHECK-UP OF FARM TOOLS, IMPLEMENTS AND

EQUIPMENT

1.Check first tools, implements and equipment you are going to use.

2.Wear your working clothes and use personal protective equipment (PPE) before proceeding to the shop
to retrieve your tools.

3.Rust off the blades of your shovel, spade, hoe and other garden tools.

4.Keep a large whetstone in your shop. A whetstone is an ideal tool to use to keep all of cutting edges of
the garden tools honed.

5.Apply a small amount of lubricating oil to the end of the tool and begin carefully to work the stone over
the blade.

6.Maintain a 30-degree angle between the stone and the blade to form the ideal cutting edge of your tool.

7.In case of pruners and shears, disassemble them carefully to avoid rust or dirt which may keep the tool
from functioning properly. Clean all metal surfaces with a wire brush or steel wool.

8.The use of an old toothbrush with lubricating oil is a great way to work into the joints of most garden
tools.

9.Use medium grit sandpaper to remove rust on larger tools such as spades, shovels and hoes.

10.Once tools are cleaned, they’re ready to be sharpened. Try to maintain the original factory angle when
sharpening tools.

11.Stabilize the blades of tools in a vice or against a solid surface such as a work bench to avoid injury.
Always push the file across the blade in a motion away from your body.

12.When sharpening, do not use oil. Metal filing will accumulate and clog the files serration.

13.Farm implements should be checked thoroughly before use. Tighten all loosened bolts and nuts.
Lubricate moving parts like bearings.
14.Tractors should be tuned-up very well by a skilled operator. Oil, lubricant, fuel and cooling system
should be checked. Separate worn-out tools and fix them immediately to avoid accident.