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Asmus Skar
Technical University of Denmark
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Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
Development of a Mechanistic Analysis Tool for Pavements with Asphalt Interlayer Reinforcement Grid View project
‘AwaPave’ (Advanced and widely available pavement assessment tools for infrastructure evaluation) View project
All content following this page was uploaded by Asmus Skar on 18 April 2017.
There are presently few recognized technical guidelines available for structural design
and evaluation of port- and industrial pavements. This fact makes the job of the
pavement design consultant a difficult task when considering structural design of
pavements subjected to heavy duty loads. To overcome this problem COWI A/S in co-
operation with The Technical University of Denmark has launched an IndustrialPhD-
project with the goal to develop new methods and prepare recommendations for new
port- and industrial pavement design guidelines and standards in the future. The project
will deal with a mechanistic model approach in an attempt to create more general
models and systems for design. General mechanistic models will improve the
understanding of the mechanical behaviour of pavement materials when subjected to
loading and increase the possibility for optimization and application of new pavement
Author: Civil Engineer types. The project will be carried out by the Author and is supported by The Danish
Asmus Skar, COWI A/S,
asch@cowi.dk Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation and COWIfonden.
Figure 1 – Biggest in the world: Shanghai container terminal is presently the largest in the world handling app. 30 million equivalent twenty feet
containers (TEU) per year. For comparison Denmark's largest port, Copenhagen and Malmö Port (CMP), handles app. 0,25 million TEU's per year.
Thus, the purpose of this research project is to Figure 5 – Test of actual physical material properties is essential if
develop new and more general deterioration models one want to develop new and more general material models: in
the picture a 4-point bending beam test with cement bound
for port- and industry pavements, with special focus material (CBM) which is used to determine key mechanical
on cement bound materials, as CBM is an essential properties, such as flexural strength and cyclic material
characteristics [8].
component in many port- and industry pavements.
Specifically the project will investigate the The project will apply Finite Element (FE)
applicability of plasticity models and fracture techniques and software for numerical modelling of
mechanic models from the field of concrete the pavement deterioration, allowing for
technology, as CBM and concrete have many implementation of suitable constitutive models
material characteristics in common. (approximation of the material behaviour when
subjected to loading) for materials and typical load
Furthermore, the project will evaluate applicable
models for port- and industry pavements.
general systems for development of structural
pavements design and analysis in the future. The Perspectives
result from this work will be used to prepare specific
The effect of new methods developed, will extend
recommendations to how available technical
the state of knowledge, and create a platform from
guidelines and standards for port- and industry
where it should be possible to develop refined
pavements should be refined in the future. In this
structural design guidelines that will result in more
process, there will be focused on how testing is
cost-effective, innovative and sustainable heavy duty
performed and which tests is applied for material
pavement structures. General mechanical models
characterization. The material characterization tests
will make it easier to test and characterize new
(element tests) should be tests of actual physical
materials e.g. re-cycled materials or waste products
properties (E-modulus, tensile strength, fracture
from the industry.
energy etc.), model parameters should give physical
meaning (not only mathematical) and it should be Cost effectiveness and sustainable designs would
possible to describe parameters from standardized benefit a wide spectrum of groups within the port
tests. and industries field, such as; existing ports and
terminals, new ports and terminals, investor and
operators. In addition, new and more generalized
methods would make contractors, consultants,
engineers working with ports and industries more
uniform and competitive. The knowledge gained
from this work can be transferred to both highway
and airport pavements contributing to a change of
mind-set in the branch as a whole; bringing the field
of pavement engineering a step further in its
development.
References [5] Wardle, L., Rickards, I. and Lancaster, J. "HIPAVE
- A Tool to assist in the Mechanistic Empirical
[1] Knapton, J., "The Structural Design of Heavy Duty
Design of Heavy Duty Industrial Flexible
Pavements for Ports and Other Industries", Edition
Pavements", 10th International Conference on
4, Interpave, December 2008
Asphalt Pavements (ISAP), Quebec, Canada,
[2] Moenielal, M., "Concrete Block Pavements in the August, 2006
Port of Rotterdam, 8th International Conference on
[6] Thøgersen, F. Busch, C. Henrichsen, A.
Concrete Block Paving", November 6-8, 2006 San
"Mechanistic Design of Semi-Rigid Pavements - An
Francisco, California USA
incremental Approach", Danish Road Directorate,
[3] BS 7533-1:2001 "Pavements constructed with clay, Report 138, 2004
natural stone or concrete pavers. Part 1: Guide for
[7] Olesen, J. F. & Poulsen, P. N., "Modeling Concrete
the structural design of heavy duty pavements
Fracture", Lecture Notes, Department of Civil
constructed of clay pavers or precast concrete paving
Engineering, Technical University of Denmark,
blocks", BSI 2001
2011
[4] Rodway, B. and Wardle, L. "Layered Elastic Design
[8] The Development and Evaluation of Protocols for
of Heavy Duty Industrial Pavements", proc. AAPA
the Laboratory Characterisation of Cemented
Pavements Industry Conf., Surfers Paradise,
Materials, AP-T101/08, Ausroads, 2008
Australia, 1998