Sectors in Tourism Industry  in some cases, business travelers
usually senior executives fly on a
I. TRANSPORTATION
 the term is derived from the
Latin words: /trans/- across
/portare/- to carry
 This sector is concerned with
helping tourists to get where
they need to go, via the
provision of transport
Transportation is further subdivided into:
a. Air
b. Road
c. Rail
d. Water
A. Airline
 the airline industry plays a vital role in
the modern travel industry, providing
passengers with access to both
domestic and overseas flights, allowing
them to quickly reach their intended
destinations via commercial aircraft.
Airline services are generally divided
into scheduled and chartered flights.
The Aviation System
Aviation is the term used to describe the
industry that builds and flies aircraft
(2) Aviation Support Industries:
Military Aviation
 aircraft are flown by a nation’s air force
and other branches in the military.
. Civil Aviation
 the industry that flies the public from
place to place.
The Air Service and Routes:
a) Scheduled service/flight
 is air transportation that operates
regularly at a set, advertised times no
matter how many people are booked
on the flight.
b) Chartered service/flight
 flown by charter airlines, usually sell
seats to tour operators. The occasional
nature of their flights, they are not
usually advertised and sold the way
scheduled flights are.
c) Privately – owned Jets
corporate jet that their company owns.
d) Fractional ownership
 the plane has multiple owners who
have set many flight hours they can use
Flight Types and Routes:
a) NON – STOP FLIGHT → the traveler
goes from Point A to Point B on the
same aircraft with no stop in
between.
b) DIRECT FLIGHT → the traveler goes
from Point A to Point B on the
same aircraft but that aircraft stops
at an airport in between. The flight
will still have one flight number
c) CONNECTING FLIGHT → traveler,
to get to his destination, must
change the plane once, twice, or
even more times. Each flight will
have different flight numbers.
Another way to look at flights – from the
traveler’s ticketing point of view:
a) ONE-WAY FLIGHT ITINERARY → the traveler
goes to point A to Point B.
b) ROUND TRIP FLIGHT ITINERARY → the
traveler flies from Point A to Point B, stays a
while, and then returns from B to A.
c) OPEN-JAW FLIGHT ITINERARY → traveler
flies from Point A to Point B then travels by
ground transportation from B to C, then returns
by air from C to A.
d) CIRCLE FLIGHT ITINERARY → the traveler
has two or more extended stopovers and
returns to the originating city
Classifications of Airlines
a) MAJOR/ FULL – SERVICE CARRIERS
 Servicing both domestic and
international (including long haul)
flights
 Usually offers several classes of service
b) REGIONAL – CARRIERS
 Also known as feeder airlines because
their flights feed passengers from small
cities into big city-airports and help fill
the large planes of the major airlines.
c) LOW-COST CARRIERS (LCCs)
  Cheap, point-to-point services without
any “frills”
 They offer basic services
 Passengers have the option to pay for
extras such as food on board, inflight
entertainment, and checked (in)
baggage.
Classes of Service
A. First Class
 is in the compartment at the
front of the plane.
 it usually features, among other
things: o wider seats; greater
pitch; more recline; more
elaborate meals; o offering access to other nearby towns
complimentary alcoholic
beverages; and free movies.
B. Business Class
 usually sandwiched between
the first and the coach class.
 the business class represents a
kind of service that’s almost as
good as that found in the first
class.
C. Economy Class
 the more standard level of
service
 also known as the coach class
 it features: o narrower seats;
less pitch and recline; and, o
simple meals or snacks or even
no food service at all, except
perhaps a bag of pretzels and
soft drinks
B. Road: Car
 For many tourists, having access to a
car is an important part of their tourist
experience, ensuring they have the
freedom to explore and travel freely.
Car rental services provide this kind of
access and often operate close to
airports, or even in partnership with
particular airlines or travel companies.
Rates
 vary according to the size of the car
and do not include gasoline, taxes, or
charges for extra services.
a) REGULAR RATE
 a standard charge for the day, usually
with an added amount for kilometers
driven;
b) SPECIAL RATE
 a discount rate for weekends or
holidays can also include an unlimited
kilometer plan
c) CORPORATE RATE
 a discount rate for employees of
companies with high rental volume
B. Road: Coach Services
 Coach and bus services are an
important part of the tourism industry,
offering long-distance travel, assisting
airport passengers with travel to their
accommodation, taking groups of
tourists on day tripsto local attractions
or popular tourist destinations, and
and cities
C. Railways
 Rail travel has played a key role in the
tourism industry since the 19th century
and continues to do so. Railways not
only provide a means for travelers to
get to their destination but over
ground and underground rail services
also provide options for navigating
many of the major towns and cities
that tourists visit as well.
D. Water Transport
 As the name suggests, the water
transport subsection is concerned with
movement across the water. This
includes things like ocean liners and
ferry transport, where the objective is
usually to get passengers from A to B,
but also includes cruise liners, where
being on the cruise liner itself forms
the main part of the travel experience
II. ACCOMODATION
 the act of accommodating or the state
of being accommodated;
 something that meets a need; a
convenience;
 room and board; lodging
 The accommodation sector is central to
the travel and hospitality industry,
because people travelling to different
areas require somewhere to stay, rest,
sleep and unwind. In fact, by many
definitions, a tourist is only classed as
such if their stay exceeds 24 hours and
they use some form of overnight
accommodation
Accommodation is further subdivided into
these types
1. Shared Accommodation
 In more recent times, shared
accommodation has emerged
as a major option for tourists.
One of the most popular
services offering shared
accommodation is Airbnb,
where users can list spare
rooms and rent them out to
travelers on a short-term basis.
These could be individual,
private rooms, or common
areas shared with others
2. Converted Hotels or Paradores
 old castles, monasteries,
nunneries, or even commercial
buildings reconfigured to
accommodate tourists
3. Hostels
 are typically a lower-priced
accommodation option where
a guest can rent a bed,
sometimes a bunk bed in a
dormitory, and share a
bathroom, kitchen and, lounge.
4. Camping Grounds/Sites
 is the practice of staying
outdoors overnight, in a tent,
or similar type of shelter.
5. Bed & Breakfast
 offers a small number of rooms
for guests and offers overnight
stays and breakfast in the
morning
6. Cruises
 also come under the
accommodation sector,
because cruise liners serve as a
form of accommodation in
their own right
7. Farmhouse Accommodation & Agri-
Tourism
 Travelers are increasingly
willing to stay in farmhouse
accommodation, usually on a
self-catering basis. This is
linked to the idea of agri-
tourism, where tourists visit
farms
8. Time-Share Accommodation
 also known as ‘vacation
ownership accommodation’,
refers to accommodation
where ownership or usage
rights are divided between
multiple individuals
9. Apartment Hotel or Apartelle
 A type of accommodation is
described as a “serviced”
apartment complex that uses a
hotelstyle booking system
10. Motels
 also known as a motor hotel or
motorist hotel referred initially
to a single room whose doors
face a parking lot or common
area
11. Pension
 similar to guest houses/hostels
or boarding houses. This term
is used in Spain, Italy, and
other countries as a synonym
to cheap hostels where you can
usually get a room with a
shared bathroom.
12. . Limited-Service Lodging
 hybrid of a hotel and a motel,
these modestly sized and
economically priced properties
generally have rooms that
open onto an interior hallway
rather than to the outside like
in a motel. The rooms are
simple with a continental
breakfast only
13. Ryokan
 is a type of traditional Japanese
inn since the 8th century AD
that typically features tatami-
matted rooms, communal
baths, and other public areas
where visitors may wear yukata
and talk with the owner
14. Extended – Stay Lodging
 some of these properties offer
daily housekeeping services,
whereas others provide it only
once or twice a week only.
15. Condominiums/ Condotels
 these are apartment-like
facilities resemble extended-
stay properties
16. Lodges
 These properties are usually in
rural, nature dominated
settings. They can be anything
from Spartan to luxurious
17. Dude Ranches
 A unique form of lodging, these
facilities convey a theme of the
American West.
18. Capsule Hotel
 Also known as a pod hotel, is a
type of hotel developed in
Japan in 1979 that features a
 large number of small bed-
sized rooms known as capsules.
19. Hotels
 are the most obvious and
popular form of
accommodation for tourists. It
provides paid lodgings for
guests.
(3) THREE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT
TYPES OF HOTEL
1. Resort Hotel
2. Business or Corporate Hotel
3. Suite Hotel
1. Resort Hotel
 Cater primarily to leisure
travelers
 They’re generally found in four
(4) environments: beaches;
near ski area; in the desert;
near theme parks and
attraction
Types of Resort Hotel
a. Mega Resorts
 a large resort hotel with very
many facilities and activities
covering acres of land
b. All-Inclusive Resort
 a resort that includes most or
all of the costs of staying there:
o lodging; some or all meals;
activities etc.
 they usually have facilities for
Recreational Activities: o rooms.
Swimming pool; Tennis courts;
Golf course; Dining facilities
c. Spa Resorts
 provides extensive facilities for
massages, facials, fitness
activities and healthy dining.
d. Ski Resorts
 provides a site and facilities to
serve the needs of winter
sports enthusiasts.
e. Casino Resorts
 features extensive gaming
opportunities in a destination
where gambling is legal (e.g.
Las Vegas)
f. Themed Resorts
 is one that has a strong identity
often tied to some other place
or time
2. Business or Corporate Hotel
 target the needs of business
travelers;
 features a business center
Type(s) of Business Hotels
a. Convention or Meeting Hotel
 such hotels have numerous
meeting rooms and large
ballrooms that can host groups
at any size. Usually located near
city centers.
3. Suites Hotel
 are accommodations with at
least two rooms
Types of Suites
a. All-Suite Hotel
 all accommodations are suites
instead of conventional rooms.
b. Junior Suites
 large oversized rooms with
separate sleeping and living
areas although only a curtain,
railing, or other barriers that
separate the two spaces
c. Corner Suite
 a suite that is located in the
corner of a hotel building itself
d. Bi-Level Suite
 a suite that takes up more
square footage than standard
e. Hospitality Suite
 is intended to be more than a
sleeping room. These are
intended to entertain groups of
people. May include a kitchen
and or bar area
f. Presidential Suite
 is sometimes called the
“Chairman’s Suite” or the
“Royal Suite”
Two (2) Main Divisions of Accommodation
Management
Front-of-the-House
 the ones that have actual
contact with guests: Front desk,
 Waitstaff, Bartenders, and
Entertainers
Back of the house
 the ones that guests may
sometimes see but usually
don’t need to see:
Housekeepers, Engineers,
Maintenance, Sales, Marketing,
Reservations, and Accounting.
III. FOOD AND BEVERAGE
 can be broadly defined as the
process of preparing,
presenting and serving of food
and beverage to the customers
TYPES OF F&B
1. Restaurants
 or eateries provide one of the
main ways in which tourists eat
food and socialize on their
travels.
2. Catering
 usually recognized as the
provision of food services at
more remote locations
3. Bars & Café
 are an important part of the
local economy in many travel
destinations, offering tourists a
more relaxed location to
consume refreshments, drink
alcohol, and socialize with
locals or other tourists.
4. Clubs
 are one of the single most
essential parts of the food and
beverage sector, providing
travelers with entertainment
during the night and attracting
many tourists to some
destinations in the first place
Two (2) Major Segments of Food
Service Industry
Commercial Segment
 makes up almost 80 percent of
the restaurant and foodservice
industry
Non-Commercial Segment
 represents the 20 percent of
the restaurant and foodservice
industry.
 prepares and serves food in
support of some other
establishment’s main function
or purpose
Types of Service
a. Table Service
 the most popular type of
service
b. Banquet Table Service
 This type of service comes in
three versions:
c. Buffet Service
 more self-serve than a
cafeteria
d. Cafeteria Service
 guest picks up the tray, select
their food;
e. Room Service
 guests order their meals from a
special in–room menu
f. Fast Food Service
 a guest walks up to the counter
or drive through and order
g. Delivery Service
 Food is prepared and then
delivered usually to the
customer’s home.
IV. TRAVEL TRADE
 involves a number of industries
that are either directly or
indirectly connected to the
tourism industry
a. Financial Services
 can be linked to the travel
industry in many ways, with
the most obvious being the
provision of insurance
products, which offer financial
protection in emergencies, or
in cases where medical
treatment is needed
b. Travel Agents
 are agents who sell travel or
tourism-related products to
customers on behalf of
suppliers
c. Tour Operators
 tend to sell package holidays,
which combine multiple travel
and tour services into a single
product
 d. Online Travel Agencies (OTAs)
 offer similar services to other
travel agents, although these
services are delivered over the
internet, providing more of a
self-service experience.
e. Tourism Organizations
 are essentially organizations
that exist to look out for the
tourism industry and act on its
behalf. They may influence
national tourism policies, might
lobby governments in the
interests of the tourism
industry, and could also work
to bring the various sectors
together
f. Educational
 The travel industry also
increasingly includes an
educational component, with
many people traveling to
attend conferences or
exhibitions, which are often
centered around specialized
topics
Tour Operations
 defined as the preparation and
implementation of all activities
within an itinerary, within a
given time frame, within the
estimated costs, to meet the
next expectations of the paying
client.
Tour Categories based on personality:
Independent
 experienced, flexibility, on their
own
Escorted
 inexperienced, want worry-free
travel
Special Interest
 bird watching, safaris,
architecture
Adventure
 involves effort and energy,
danger
TOUR ELEMENTS
Transportation
 (by air, sea, or land) to and
from a point of origin to a
destination or destinations and
back to the point of origin. o
Transfers transportation to and
from a destination’s gateway
(airport, pier, or bus station) to
the place of lodging and vice
versa.
Accommodations
 lodging and meals in the
lodging establishment.
Tour Escort
 refers to the services of an
individual who travels with the
clients from the point of origin
and back, and acts as a
manager of the tour group.
This person is also known as
the Tour Leader.
Sightseeing Tours
 are a combination of
transportation within the
destination to sights and sites
of interest, tour guide’s
services, entrance fees,
entertainment or activities, and
sometimes, snacks and meals.
Ground Arrangement Package
 If only tours and transfers are
included
Land Arrangements Package
 If tours, transfers, and hotel
accommodations with some
meals are included
Inclusive Tour Package
 If tours, transfers, hotel
accommodations, and some
meals, plus transportation to
and from the destination(s) are
included
Tour Categories Defined by Purpose:
a. Relaxation
chance to relax, with the sun,sandy
beach, good food, and nightly
entertainment.
b. Sunspot Stay
round-trip flight, round-trip transfers
from the airport to the hotel, and
several nights’ accommodation.
 c. Scenic – Enjoys spectacular scenery
while they are away from home.
d. Learning - Provides a learning
experience because of interest in
culture, history, science, or education.
e. Religious and Ethnic - Religious tours
to sacred or holy places
V. CRUISE INDUSTRY
involves mainly a Cruise Ship which is both a
floating hotel and resort wherein the guests are
housed, fed and entertained
General Types of Cruises:
A. World Cruises
 considered the ultimate
journey of cruising and a
vacation of a lifetime. Usually
lasts for three (3) months with
over 30 ports, traveling from
east to the west of the world.
B. Popular Cruises
 usually 7 to 10-day cruise and
the most sellable type of cruise
especially during summer or
winter
C. Short Cruises
 the bottom of the cruise
pyramid that is usually 3 to 4
days only.
Organizational Structure
1. Hotel Department
 responsible for the passengers’
activities, food, beverage,
entertainment, and other
personal services offered.
2. The Fleet Department
 responsible for the
maintenance of the ship and
includes the ship’s officers,
radio operations, engine, and
deck crews.
3. Sanitation Department
 is responsible for the health
and safety of passengers and
crew
VI. M.I.C.E Industry
 the term MICE in the context of
travel is an acronym for
Meetings, Incentives,
Conferences and Exhibition
 The MICE market refers to a
specialized niche of group
tourism dedicated to planning,
booking, and facilitating
conferences, seminars, and
other events, which is a big
moneymaker in the travel
industry
Different Types:
a. Meeting Travel
 refers to organizing any
number of people for such a
meeting, which mean sit could
also include a company sporting
trip
b. Conference Travel
 a conference is similar to a
meeting in that it is a gathering
of people coming together in
one place, but conferences
usually have specific objectives
and exchanges of information
c. Incentive Travel
 incentive travel is typically
given to employees as a
reward. Incentive travel doesn't
usually have a business or
explicit educational component
but instead is more of a non -
business vacation with the aim
of continued motivation for
performance.
d. Exhibition Travel
 products or services are
displayed, and they might be
the primary focus of the event,
which means that exhibition
travel agents are those who
organize such showcases.
e. Global Events
 many global events focus on
MICE travel, especially the
incentive niche, many of which
are organized by Questex Travel
Group (formerly MEET)