MODULE 1.
1: INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL AGE  media channels were labeled after the singular
DIGITAL AGE
 also known as the information age, computer age,
or new media age”.
 It is a historic period beginning in the late 20th
century.
 It is characterized by the rapid shift from traditional
industry
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
 time of invention.
 Inventions changed the world from old ways to new
ways.
 It encouraged humanism which caused people to turn
from religion and focus more on science.
 Inventions: Steam engines, electricity, photography,
telegraph, introduction of stocks, new machinery, tools,
watering methods, and fertilizers.
DIGITAL REVOLUTION
 known as the 3rd Industrial Revolution
 shift from mechanical and analog electronic
technology to digital electronics which began in the
latter half of the 20th century.
 Marked the beginning of the Information Age the
sweeping changes brought about by digital
computing and communication.
DIGITAL INFORMATION AGE
 The last part of the 20th century – time of scientific
progress in computer microchips.
 also known as the Computer Age, Digital Age, or
New Media Age
 It is a historical period that began in the mid-20th
century
 It is characterized by a rapid shift from the
traditional industry established by the Industrial
Revolution to an economy primarily based upon
information technology.
HISTORY OF DIGITAL REVOLUTION
 1495 to 1527 - The Renaissance Period influenced
the Information Age by creating the idea inventions.
 1550 to 1700 - The Scientific Revolution changed
the modern era by introducing important scientists
such as Galileo, Copernicus, and Sir Isaac Newton.
 1700 to 1900 - The Industrial Revolution brought
about major changes in agriculture, manufacturing,
mining, transportation, and technology.
PERSONS IMPACTED DIGITAL AGE:
 BILL GATES – Microsoft Tools and App
 TIM BERNERS LEE – World Wide Web “WWW”
 STEVE JOBS – Apple
3 AGES OF DIGITAL AGE
PRE-DIGITAL AGE
 devices had just one function
 media was physical
 retail was either in-store or via home shopping
device we
 consumed them on: TVs, newspapers, magazines,
radio from VHS to DVD; cassettes fell to the
compact disc
MID DIGITAL AGE
 digital is just becoming accepted into the
mainstream, and the age where digital is fully
immersed into our society
 some buses only accept cards, and some only cash
 apple company rules the world
 retail companies are being killed off by companies
like Amazon and a multitude of smaller eBay-based
retailers
POST DIGITAL AGE
 Internet is a background utility
 retailers won’t consider online-versus-physical as a
divide of merit; and people will be born truly
digitally native.
 manufacturing will be just-in-time
 products will be made to order and shipped by
autonomous vehicles
IMPACT OF DIGITAL AGE
 Social Interaction moved online
 The Information Age brought about many new
inventions and innovations
 The Information Age is also known as the age of
entrepreneurship
MODULE 1.2: INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL AGE
IMPACTS OF INFORMATION AGE
• Many communication services developed
• People learn new languages easier and people around
the world can become more educated
• Jobs have also became easier
• Entrepreneurs can start and run a company easier
than ever before.
• This time period has created a shortage of jobs and
making many jobs obsolete
DISADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL AGE
• Huge criminal organizations rely on hacking
• Internet has turned society into homebodies
• People can do everything online e.g. shopping,
communicating, bill paying, working, education,
entertainment, even ordering food.
• This age made us very lazy and uneducated society.
• Too much information
• When thinking about digital age learners, we must
understand that they are more overwhelmed,
distracted and impatient than ever before.
 SKILLS NEEDED IN DIGITAL AGE
Information is readily available and free.
The democratization of access to information has
resulted in a shift in the distribution of power between
government and citizen, retailer and consumer,
manager and employee, teacher and student.
Customer controls interaction.
In order to survive and remain relevant, companies now
need to quickly adapt to a constantly changing market.
Competitive advantage.
Being really good at learning how to do new things
results in a competitive advantage. Individuals must also
adapt their skills to remain relevant in the job market.
Requires individual to be life-long learners.
The digital era requires individuals to be lifelong
learners. It also stresses the importance of creative
problem solving and the ability to make connections
across domains in order to drive innovation.
Navigate and interpret information.
In the digital age, individuals must not only be able to
find and navigate information but they also must be
able to critically interpret that information.
Digitally fluent.
You must also be able to express your ideas effectively
through digital media. In the digital age individuals must
be digitally fluent
ADDITIONAL SKILLS
 Communication (both written and spoken)
 Literacy (Media Literacy, digital literacy, reading)
 Typing
 Critical Thinking and judgment
 Problem Solving
 Teamwork
 Personal resilience
 Reflection
MODULE 2: CULTURAL AND ACADEMIC IMPACT
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY IN OUR DAILY LIVING
PEOPLE HAVE BEEN DEPENDENT TO TECHNOLOGY
 Mobile phones
 Social media
 Video games
 Online shopping
 Online streaming
 YouTube
CULTURAL IMPACT OF COMPUTING
Environmental issues are those where the
manufacturing and use of computers has had a
negative impact on the environment
 Resources are needed to in order for
computers to be produced, distributed and
used.
• Metals and plastics are used to manufacture
components, while energy is expended in
distributing equipment and in using it.
• Many computers, such as web servers, domain
name servers and data centers, need to be left
running continuously. This requires lots of energy
to maintain.
• Additionally, businesses, organizations, schools
and homes all now have greater access to
technology
HOW DO COMPUTERS POLLUTE THE
EINVIRONMENT
Electrical strain
The production of energy creates pollution and
emissions.
The amount of electricity needed to power
computers contributes to the millions of tons of
greenhouse gases that are emitted into the
atmosphere each year.
Production
The pollution created by computer production is
harmful to the health of those living in close
proximity to manufacturing facilities which expel
harmful chemicals and pollutants into the air
Landfill waste
Changing technology and computer breakdowns
lead to millions of tons of waste in discarded
computers each year.
An estimated 50 million tons of electronic waste
are
discarded each year.
Energy waste
Putting your computer on stand-by or letting your
monitor go into sleep mode also creates energy
waste, as these modes still require power.
Even leaving your computer plugged in while it is
shut down will draw a small amount of power from
your electrical outlet
POSITIVE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY
 It facilitates business process and other
activities.
 It makes the work simple and less time
consuming.
 Easy Information Access. We can store so many
information on computer which makes easy to
handle the information for business
applications.
 Fast, Accurate Data Processing. We can
perform multitasking and multiprocessing
capabilities of data
DIGITAL DIVIDE
 refers to the inequalities that exist between
groups of people in relation to access, use and
knowledge of information and communication
technologies (ICTs)
 refers to the growing gap between the
underprivileged members of society, especially
the poor, rural, elderly, and handicapped
portion of the population who do not have
access to computers or the internet.
 The term “digital divide” was coined and
publicized by Larry Irving when he was the
head of the National Telecommunications and
Information Administration (NTIA).
 describes a gap in terms of access to and usage
of Information and Communication Technology
(ICT)
DIGITAL DIVIDE: THREE DISTINCT FACETS
1) Global divide – the divergence of Internet access
between industrialized and developing societies.
2) Social divide – the gap between the information
rich and information poor in each country.
3) Democratic divide – the differences between
those who do, and do not use digital resources to
engage, mobilize and participate in life
KEY STAGES THAT INFLUENCE DIGITAL DIVIDE
WORLWIDE
 BETWEEN SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROUPS
 BETWEEN LESS ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPED
COUNTRIES AND MORE ECONOMICALLY
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
 BETWEEN THE EDUCATED AND UNEDUCATED
POPULATION
CAUSES OF DIGITAL DIVIDE
1. Education
Low literacy levels are widening the digital
inequality gap.
2. Income levels
High-income earners are 20X more likely to access
the internet than low-income earners.
3. Geographical restrictions
Less economically developed countries lack the
necessary technology and infrastructure to set up a
high-speed internet connection.
4. Motivation and general interest.
Some view it as a luxury. Another group finds it too
complicated to comprehend.
5. Digital literacy
The lack of physical access to technology especially
in developing countries widens the gap between
the information rich and information poor
DIGITAL DIVIDE: IMPACTS
IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY
 Telecommunication services boost economic
growth.
 Broad use of the internet enables an
economically productive nation.
 People can engage in online shopping
eliminating the hustle of commuter traffic.
 Paperless transactions are a convenient
approach to creating economic empowerment.
 The economic gap widens especially with
developing countries which lack adequate ICT
integration.
IMPACT ON EDUCATION
 The people living in underdeveloped areas are
not capable of inventing new technologies and
conducting researches aimed at promoting the
living standards of the populations.
 The digital split not only impacts the future of
young minds but also reduces the chance of
having a great career.
 As a result, students from different
backgrounds geographies, communities, lose
their chance to develop innovative solutions
and be responsible citizens
IMPACT ON SOCIAL DOMAINS
 Internet access drives communication.
 Social media platforms such as Facebook create
engagement, build relationships, and connect
us to family and friends.
 We can access information faster than relying
on traditional newspapers
IMPACT ON SOCIETY
 The digital divide has contributed to the
segregation of individuals in the society
including ethnicity, age, race, and gender.
 Technology creates new alignments among
individuals with access to the internet and
those without access.
 Those with limited access continue to lag
hindering their growth and development
HOW CAN WE BRIDGE DIGITAL DIVIDE
1. INCREASE DIGITAL LITERACY
2. DEVELOP RELEVANT AND LOCAL CONTENT IN
ADDITION TELECOMMUNICATIONS
INFRASTRUCTURE
3. ESTABLISHMENT OF WORKABLE PARTNERSHIPS
BETWEEN ALL INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY STAKEHOLDERS
4. PROMOTE INNOVATIONS GEARED TOWARDS
OVERCOMING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
MODULE 2.2: INFO PRIVACY AND IT ETHICS
ETHICS
 BRANCH OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY – A SENSE OF
RIGHTNESS OR WRONGNESS OF ACTIONS,
MOTIVES, AND THE RESULT OF THESE ACTIONS
 IDENTIFIES GOOD OR EVIL, JUST OR UNJUST,
FAIR OR UNFAIR
MORAL VALUES
 refer to the important and enduring beliefs or
principles, based on which an individual makes
judgements in life.
 It is at the center of our lives which act as a
standard of behavior.
 They can be personal values, cultural values or
corporate values
COMPUTER ETHICS
A SET OF MORAL STANDARDS THAT GOVERN THE
USE OF COMPUTERS. A SOCIETY’S VIEW ABOUT
THE USE OF COMPUTERS, BOTH HARDWARE AND
SOFTWARE
COMPUTER ETHICS: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
1940 – 1950
 “Cybernetics" - the science of information
feedback systems.
• Norbert Wiener published his monumental book,
the “The Human Use of Human- Beings”
• In this book, he laid down a comprehensive
foundation which remains today a powerful basis
for “Computer Ethics” research and analysis
1960
 In the mid 1960s, “Donn Parker “ began to
examine unethical and illegal uses of
computers by computer professionals.
• He published "Rules of Ethics in Information
Processing"
in Communications of the ACM in 1968.
• “Donn Parker” went on to produce books,
articles, speeches and workshops that re-launched
the field of computer ethics.
LATE 1960’s
 Joseph Weizenbaum was shocked at the
reactions people had to his simple computer
program
 The “Weizenbaum’s book” plus the courses he
offered at MIT, inspired many thinkers and
projects in computer ethics
MID 1970s
 Walter Maner began to use the term
"computer Ethics" to refer to that field of
inquiry dealing with ethical problems
aggravated, transformed, or created by
computer technology.
 In 1978 he also self-published and
disseminated his Starter Kit in Computer
Ethics.
MID 1980s
 Proliferation of computer-enabled crime, and
computer failures
• Major law suits regarding Software ownership,
because of the work of Parker, Weizenbaum,
Maner, etc.
• Invasions of privacy via computer databases.
• Books in computer ethic
MID 1990s
 Increase in the number of computer
professionals organization
COMPUTER ETHICS: PRIMARY ISSUES
PRIVACY - responsibility to protect data about
individuals.
ACCURACY - the responsibility of data collectors to
authenticate information and ensure its accuracy.
PROPERTY - who owns information and software
and how they can be sold and exchanged.
CYBERCRIME - is a crime that involves a computer
and a network.
ACCESS - the responsibility of data collectors to
control access and determine what information a
person has the right to obtain about others and
how the information can be used
TERMINOLOGIES AND ISSUES ON PRIVACY
MALWARE - Malicious software. It was created to
impair a computer system. Common malware are
viruses, spyware, worms and trojan horses
SPYWARE - software that tracks your online
movements, mines the information stored on your
computer, or uses your computer for some task
you know nothing about
DATA PROTECTION - also known as information
privacy or data privacy (Republic Act 10173 – Data
Privacy Act of 2012), is the process of safeguarding
data which intends to influence a balance between
individual privacy rights while still authorizing data
to be used for
business purposes