Thevenin Theorem 2

0.1.
Thevenin/Norton Theorem
0.1 Thevenin/Norton Theorem

Q 2020-Aug) Find the Thevinin’s and Norton’s 1k  1k 
equivalent circuits at the terminals a-b for the circuit
shown in Figure 1. + Vx -
-j5 12 V +- RL +- 2Vx
A
8 j10 Figure 5
4 0 A
Solution:
B 1k  1k 
Figure 1 + Vx -
Solution: 12 V +- VOC +- 2Vx
-j5
A Figure 6
8 j10 Vx = 1 × 103 i
Apply KVL around the loop

B
2 × 103 i + 2Vx − 12 = 0
Figure 2 2 × 103 i + 2(1 × 103 i) = 12
12
i = = 3mA
(8 − j5)(j10) 4 × 103
ZT H = = 10∠26Ω
(8 − j5) + (j10)
The voltage VOC
-j5 VOC = 12 − 1 × 103 i −

A = 12 − 1 × 103 3mA
= 9V
8 j10 ISC
4 0 A 1k  1k 
B + Vx -
+ ISC i2
Figure 3 - i1 +- 2Vx
8
ISC = IN = 4 = 3.39∠32 A
8 − j5 Figure 7
KVL for the mesh 1
10 26 A
1 × 103 i1 − 12 = 0
12
i1 = = 12mA
3.39 32 A 10 26 A 1 × 103
33.9 58 V
KVL for the mesh 2
1 × 103 i2 + 2Vx = 0
Figure 4 1 × 103 i2 + 2(1 × 103 i1 ) = 0
Q 2020-JUNE) Find the value of RL for the network 1 × 103 i2 + 24 = 0
shown in Figure 5 that results in maximum power 24
transfer. Also find the value of maximum power. i2 = − = 24mA
1 × 103
Dr. Manjunatha P Prof., Dept of ECE, JNN College of Engg Shimoga manjup.jnnce@gmail.com 1
0.1. Thevenin/Norton Theorem
The short circuit current is Figure 10

ISC = i1 − i2 = 12mA − (−24mA)
= 36mA V1 − 4 V1
− = 0
The Thevenin’s resistance is 5 3
0.2V1 − 0.8 − 0.33V1 = 0
VOC 9
RT H = = −0.1333V1 = 0.8
ISC 36mA
0.8
= 250 Ω V1 = − = 6V
0.1333
Maximum power is transferred when RL = RT H .
The current in the circuit is
V1 6
9 ISC = = = 2A
i = = 0.018A 3 3
250 + 250
Maximum power is
VOC 8
P = i2 RL = (0.018)2 × 250 = 81mW ZSC = = = 4Ω
ISC 2
250
Q 2019-DEC) Find the Thevenin and Norton
R L  250 equivalent for the circuit shown in Figure ?? with
9V +
- respect terminals a-b.
6Ω 2i1 10Ω
B -+ A
i1
Figure 8 6Ω
20 V +
-
Q 2020-EE-JUNE) Determine the Thevenin’s
equivalent of the circuit shown in Figure ??
5 3 B
A
 Figure 11
Solution:
4 V +- 0.1Vx Vx Determine the Thevenin voltage VT H . Apply KVL
 for the circuit shown in Figure 12.
B By KVL around the loop
Figure 9 6i − 2i + 6i − 20 = 0
Solution: 10i = 20
i = 2A
Vx − 4
− 0.1Vx = 0 Voltage across AB VOC = VT H is
5
0.2Vx − 0.1Vx = 0.8
0.8 VOC = 6i = 6 × 2 = 12V
Vx = = 8V = VOC
0.1
By shorting the terminals 6Ω 2i1 10Ω
-+ A
Vx = 0 i1
6Ω
5 3 20 V +
-
VOC
A
i

B
4 V +- ISC
0.1Vx V
x Figure 12
 When dependant voltage sources are present
B
then Thevenin Resistance RT H is calculated
by determining the short circuit current at Figure 15

terminals AB: Solution:
6Ω 2i1
-+
10Ω
A
3 8 A
i1
6Ω y 10
20 V + ISC
- x 2
RTH
B
Figure 13 B
x − y = i1 Figure 16
KVL for loop x
RT H = 11 Ω
12x − 2i1 − 6y − 20 = 0
12x − 2(x − y) − 6y = 20 V1 3 V2 8 A
10x − 4y = 20 IL
10
KVL for loop y 2 + 4V
−6x + 16y = 0 -
6x − 16y = 0 1A
Solving the following simultaneous equations B

10x − 4y = 20
6x − 16y = 0 Figure 17
x = 2.353 y = 0.882
ISC = y = 0.882A V1 = 4
V2 − V1
Thevenin’s resistance is +1 = 0
VT H 12 3
RT H = = = 13.6Ω V2 − 4
ISC 0.882 +1 = 0
3
Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits as shown V2 − 4 + 3 = 0
in Figure 14
V2 = 1
13.6Ω A A
11 A A
12 V +
- 0.882 A 13.6Ω
1V +
- 0.09 A 11
B B
Thevenin’s Equivalent Norton’s Equivalent
B B
Figure 14 Thevenin’s Equivalent Norton’s Equivalent
Q 2019-DEC) Determine the current through the

Figure 18
load resistance using Norton’s theorem for the
circuit shown in Figure 15. Q 2019-Dec) Obtain the Thevenin’s equivalent
network for the circuit shown in Figure 19.
3 8 A
IL 21 50
10 RL
2 + 4V
- 1 20 0 V 12
1A j60
j24 30
B
Figure 19 j8Ω j10 3 0 V

10
Solution: A
21 10 0 V
50 -j8Ω
Figure 23
Solution:
12 30 j60
j24
(10 + j8)(−j8)
RT H = j10 +
A RTH B (10 + j8 − j8)
= j10 + (6.4 − j8)
Figure 20 = 6 + j2Ω
21(12 + j24) 50(30 + j60) A

RT H = + j10
21 + 12 + j24 50 + 30 + j60
= (12.26 + j6.356) + (30 + j15)) 10 RTH
-j8Ω
= 42.26 + j21.356Ω
I2 j8Ω
I1
21 50 B
VAB Figure 24
20 0 V 12
j60
30 V1 − 10 V1 V1 − 3
j24 + + = 0
(10 + j8) (−j8) (j10)
Figure 21
V1 [0.078∠ − 38.66 + 0.125∠90 + 0.1∠ − 90]
+0.78∠141 + 0.3∠90 = 0
20
I1 = = 0.49∠ − 36
33 + j24
0.0653∠ − 21.28V1 = −0.9964∠127.46
20
I2 = = 0.2∠ − 36.87 −0.9964∠127.46
80 + j60 V1 =
0.0653∠ − 21.28
V1 = 15.25∠ − 31.26
VAB = I1 × 21 − I2 × 50
j8Ω j10 3 0 V
= 0.49∠ − 36 × 21 − 0.2∠ − 36.87 × 50 10 V1
A
= 0.49∠ − 36 × 21 − 0.2∠ − 36.87 × 50
= 0.328∠ − 8.457
10 0 V ISC
-j8Ω
42.26+j21.356
B
Figure 25
0.07 35 A 42.26+j21.356
0.328 8.45 V
V1 − 3
ISC =
(j10)
Figure 22 (15.25∠ − 31.26) − 3
=
Q 2019-JUNE) Obtain the Thevenin’s equivalent j10
across A and B for the circuit shown in Figure 23. = 1.278∠ − 128.25
Figure 29
VOC = ISC ZN
50
= 1.278∠ − 128.25(6 + j2) i =
(5 + j6 − j8)
= 8.08∠ − 109.815 = 9.28∠21.8
6+j2 VOC = i(−j8)

A
= 9.28∠21.8(−j8)
8.08 109.81 V IN = 74.24∠ − 68.2
+ 1.278 128.28 A 6+j2
-
11-j3.586
11+j3.586
Figure 26 74.24 68.2 V+-
Q 2019-JUNE) Find the value of ZL in the circuit
shown in Figure 27 using maximum power transfer
theorem and hence the maximum power. Figure 30
j6Ω Maximum Power is transferred when
5
A
RT H = RL
11 − j3.586Ω = 11 + j3.586Ω
50 0 V -j8Ω ZL
Current through the load is
B 74.24∠ − 68.2
iL =
(11 − j3.586) + (11 + j3.586)
Figure 27 = 3.374A
Solution:
Maximum Power transferred through the load is
A PL = i2L RL = (3.374)2 (11 + j3.586)
= 131.7∠18
5
-j8Ω Q 2019-JAN) Find the value of R for which the
RTH power transferred across AB of the circuit shown
in Figure 31 is maximum and the maximum power
j6Ω power transferred.
B 1 A R B 4
Figure 28 + 3 + 20 V
10 V - 2 -
(5 + j6)(−j8)
RT H =
(5 + j6 − j8) Figure 31
= 11 − j3.586Ω Solution:
First remove the R from the network and determine
j6Ω the VT H and RT H the details are as shown in Figure
5
A 32. The voltage across AB is the potential difference
between AB.
10
i1 =
50 0 V i -j8Ω
3
The potential at A is
B 10
VA = × 2Ω = 6.667V
3
20 2018 Dec JUNE 2013-JUNE MARCH-2000 ) Find

i2 =
7 the current through 6 Ω resistor using Norton’s
The potential at B is theorem for the circuit shown in Figure 36.
20 6I x
VB = × 3 = 8.571V A
7 - +
The potential at B is Ix
4Ω 6Ω 5Ω
VAB = VA − VB = 6.667V − 8.571V = −1.9V
1 A B 4
+- B
20 V
+ 2 3 + 20 V
10 V - -
Figure 36
Solution:
Figure 32
Determine the VOC at the terminal AB. When the
To determine RT H the details are as shown in Figure resistor is removed from the terminals AB then the
75. The 10Ω and 5Ω are in parallel which is in series circuit is as shown in Figure 37. Apply KVL around
with 2Ω. the loop
RT H = (1||2) + (3||4) = 0.667 + 1.714 = 2.381Ω 4Ix − 6Ix + 6Ix − 20 = 0
20
1 A B 4 Ix = = 5A
RAB 4
VOC = 5A × 6 = 30V
2 3
6I x
-+ A
Ix
Figure 33 4Ω 6Ω VOC
2.381 A
A
+- B
- 0.798 A 2.381 20 V
VTH =1.9 +
B B Figure 37
Thevenin’s Norton’s When the terminals AB short circuited then 6 Ω
Equivalent Equivalent resistor is also shorted and no current flows through
resistor hence Ix = 0 hence 6Ix = 0. The circuit is
Figure 34 as shown in Figure 38. The Norton current is
20
1.9V ISC = IN = =5A
IL = = 0.4A 4
2.381 + 2.381
6I x
-+ A
PL = (0.4)2 × 2.381 = 0.381W
Ix
2.381 4Ω 6Ω ISC
A
IL
VTH =1.9 +
- 2.381 +- B
B 20 V
Figure 35 Figure 38
VOC 30 20∠00 20∠00

ZN = = = 6Ω I = =
ISC 5 10 + 3 − j4 13.6∠ − 17.10
0
= 1.47∠17.1 A
The Thevenin and Norton circuits are as shown in
Figure 39 VOC = [1.47∠17.10 × (3 − j4)] − 10∠450
= [1.47∠17.10 × 5∠ − 53.130 ] − 10∠450
6Ω A = [7.35∠ − 36.30 ] − 10∠450
A
= [5.923 − j4.5] − 7.07 − j7.07
= −1.147 − j11.42
VTH =30 V +
- 5A 6Ω
= 11.47V ∠95.730
V1 10 45 V
B
B +- A
Thevenin’s Norton’s
+
Equivalent Equivalent 3 + 20 0 V
_ -
i VOC
Figure 39 + _
-j4 _
Current through 5 Ω resistor is 10
+
B
6
I5 = 5 A ' 2.72 A Figure 42
6+5
(3 − j4) × 10
A ZT H = = 2.973 − j2.162Ω
3 − j4 + 10
5A 6Ω 5Ω A
3Ω RTH
B
Norton’s -j4Ω
Equivalent 10Ω
B
Figure 40
Figure 43
2018 Dec 2011-JULY) Find the value of ZL for which
maximum power is transfer occurs in the circuit 2.973-j2.162 Ω
shown in Figure 41. A
10 45° V
+- A + 11.45 −95.65° V ZL
-
3Ω + 20 0° V
-
ZL B
-j4Ω
10Ω Figure 44
B
(3 − j4) × 10
Figure 41 ZT H = = 2.973 − j2.162Ω
3 − j4 + 10
Solution:
The maximum power is delivered when the load
Determine the VOC at the terminal AB. When the impedance is complex conjugatae of the network
resistor is removed from the terminals AB then the impedance. Thus
circuit is as shown in Figure 42. Apply KVL around
the loop ZL = ZT∗ H = 2.973 + j2.162Ω
The current flowing in the load impedance is hence dependent current source becomes zero.
11.47V ∠95.730 VA − 4 Vx VA
IL = − + = 0
ZT H + ZL 2kΩ 4kΩ 3kΩ
11.47V ∠95.730 0.5 × 10−3 VA + 0.333 × 10−3 VA = 2mA
=
2.973 − j2.162 + 2.973 + j2.162 0.833VA = 2
11.47V ∠95.730 VA = 2.4V
=
2.973 + 2.973
11.47V ∠95.730
= = 1.929∠95.730 2.4V
5.946 ISC = = 0.8mA
3kΩ
The power delivered in the load impedance is
2kΩ VA 3kΩ
PL = IL2 × RL = 1.9222 × 2.973 = 11.46W A
vx
4 V +- ISC
4000
2018 Jan) Find the Thevenin equivalent for the
circuit shown in Figure 45 with respect terminals B
a-b
Figure 47
2kΩ VA 3kΩ
A
+ VOC 8
vx ZT H = = = 10kΩ
4 V +- vx ISC 0.8mA
4000
- Thevenin and Norton circuits are as shown in Figure
B 48
Figure 45 10kΩ A A
Solution:
Determine the Thevenin voltage VT H for circuit
shown in Figure 46. Apply KCL for the node V1 8V +
- 0.8 mA 10kΩ
Vx = VA
B B
Thevenin’s Equivalent Norton’s Equivalent
VA − 4 Vx
− = 0
2kΩ 4kΩ Figure 48
0.5 × 10−3 VA − 0.25 × 10−3 VA = 2mA —————
VA = 8V Q 2017-Jan) What value of impedance ZL results
VOC = 8V in maximum power transfer condition for the
network shown in Figure 49. Also determine the
corresponding power.
2kΩ VA 3kΩ
A 25 50 V
+ +- A
vx
4 V +- vx
4000 25 0 V +- 6
- ZL
B
2 j6
Figure 46 B
Determine the short circuit by shorting the output
terminals AB for circuit shown in Figure 47. Apply Figure 49
KCL for the node V1 . It is observed that Vx = 0 V , Solution:
1.68-j0.24
A
VOC
ZT H = = 2||(6 + j6)Ω
ISC
2(6 + j6) + 16.82 73 V ZL=1.68+j0.24
= = 1.68 + j0.24 -
(2 + 6 + j6)
B
A Figure 53
2017 Jan, 2014-JAN) Find the Thevenin’s equivalent
6 RTH of the network as shown in Figure 54

3Ω V1 5Ω V2
A
2 j6 +
Vx
3Ω Vx 10 A
B 4
−
Figure 50 B
Figure 54
25 Solution:
i = = 2.5∠ − 36.87
8 + j6
Using node analysis the following equations are
V1 = i × (6 + j6) = 2.5∠ − 36.87 × (6 + j6)
written
= 21.21∠8.31V V1 V1 − V2
+ − 10 = 0
6 5
V1 [0.166 + 0.2] − 0.2V2 = 10
VOC = VAB = V1 − 25∠50
0.366V1 − 0.2V2 = 10
= 21.21∠8.31 − 25∠50
= 16.82∠ − 73 V2 − V1 Vx
− = 0
5 4
−0.2V1 + 0.2V2 − 0.25Vx = = 0
25 50 V
V1 V1
+- A Vx = × 3 = 0.5V1
6
25 0 V +- 6 −0.2V1 + 0.2V2 − 0.25Vx = 0
−0.2V1 + 0.2V2 − 0.25 × 0.5V1 =
2 j6 −0.325V1 + 0.2V2 = 0
B
0.366V1 − 0.2V2 = 10
Figure 51 −0.325V1 + 0.2V2 = 0
V1 = 243.93 V V2 = 396.3 V
1.68-j0.24
VT H = V2 = 396.3 V
3Ω V1 5Ω V2
A
+ 16.82 73 V +
- 3Ω
Vx
Vx 10 A
4
−
B
Figure 52 Figure 55
3Ω V1 5Ω V2
A V1 − 10 V1 V1 − 3
+ + = 0
+ (10) (−j5) (j10)
Vx
3Ω Vx 10 A
4 V1 [0.1 + 0.2∠90 + 0.1∠ − 90]
−
−1 + 0.3∠90 = 0
B
Figure 56 0.141∠ − 45V1 = 1.04∠163.3

1.04∠163.3
10 × 5 V1 =
Vx = × 3 = 13.636 0.141∠ − 45
11 V1 = 7.37∠ − 151.7
Vx 6 j10 3 0 V
ISC = + 10 × 10 V1
4 11 A
13.636
= + 5.45 = 3.41 + 5.45
4 10 0 V ISC
-j5Ω
= 8.86A
VT H 396.3 B
RT H = = = 44.01Ω
ISC 13.636 Figure 59
Q 2016-JUNE) Obtain the Thevenin’s equivalent V1 − 3

of the circuit shown in Figure 57 and thereby ISC =
(j10)
find current through 5Ω resistor connected between
(7.37∠ − 151.7) − 3
terminals A and B. =
j10
j10 3 0 V
10 = 1.01∠110
A
10 0 V
-j5Ω
VOC = ISC ZN
B = 1.01∠110(2 + j6)
= 6.38∠ − 17
Figure 57
Solution: 2+j6 2+j6
(10)(−j5)
RT H = j10 +
(10 − j5) + 6.38 17 V + 6.38 17 V
= j10 + (2 − j4) - - 5
= 2 + j6Ω
A Figure 60
j10
10 RTH 6.38∠ − 17
-j5Ω I = j
(7 + j6)
= 0.69∠ − 57.6
B
Q 2015-Jan) For the network shown in Figure 61
Figure 58 draw the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit.
6I x Q 2014-JUNE) Find the value of load resistance

-+ M when maximum power is transferred across it and
Ix also find the value of maximum power transferred
for the network of the circuit shown in Figure 65.
4 6
8 1.333 2V
+- N +- A
20 V
5 V +- 4 2A RL
Figure 61
B
Solution:
6I x Figure 65
-+ M Solution:
Ix
4 8 1.333
6 A
+- N
20 V 4
Figure 62
B
−6Ix + 6Ix − 20 + 4Ix = 0 Figure 66
20
Ix =
4
= 5A
8×4
ZT H = 1.333 + = 1.333 + 2.6667 = 4Ω
8+4
VOC = Ix × 6 = 5 × 6
= 30V
V1 − 5 V1 V1 − 2
+ + −2 = 0
20 8 4 1.333
ISC = IN = =5A V1 [0.125 + 0.25 + 0.75] − 0.625 − 1.5 − 2 = 0
4
VOC 30 4.125
RT H = = =6Ω V1 [0.125 + 0.25 + 0.75] − 0.625 − 1.5 − 2 =
ISC 5 1.125
V1 = 3.666
6I x
-+ M M V1 − 2 3.6366 − 2
Ix ISC = = = 1.25
ISC 1.333 1.333
4 6 4 ISC
VOC = ISC ZT H = 1.25 × 4 = 5
+- N +- N
20 V 20 V
8 V1 1.333 2V
Figure 63 +- A
6
5 V +- 4 2A
30 V + B
-
Figure 67
B
2
VOC 52
Figure 64: Thevinin Circuit Pmax = = = 6.25W
RL 4
4 4
A A Ix
10Ω 6Ω
IL
A
VTH =5 +
- VTH =5 +
- 4
40 V +- 0.8I x ISC
B B
Thevenin’s
Equivalent B
Figure 68 Figure 71
Q 2014-JUNE) Find the current through 16 Ω
VOC 40
resistor using Nortons theorem for the circuit shown ZN = = = 24Ω
in Figure 69. ISC 1.666
Ix 24Ω A
10Ω 6Ω A
A
VTH =40 V + 24Ω

40 V +- 0.8I x 16Ω - 1.667 A
B
B B
Equivalent Equivalent
Figure 69
Solution: Figure 72
Determine the VOC at the terminal AB. When the Current through 16 Ω resistor is
resistor is removed from the terminals AB then
24
Ix = 0 I16 = 1.666 A '1A
24 + 16
VOC = 40 V
A
Ix
10Ω V1 6Ω
A
24Ω 16Ω
1.667 A
40 V +- 0.8I x VOC
B
B Norton’s
Equivalent
Figure 70
Figure 73
Determine the VOC at the terminal AB by shorting
output terminals AB. Apply node analysis for the ———————
circuit shown in Figure 71. Q 2014-JAN) State maximum power transfer
theorem. For the circuit shown in Figure 74 what
V1 should be the value of R such that maximum power
Ix = transfer can take place from the rest of the network.
6
Obtain the amount of this power
V1 − 40 V1 A R B 10Ω
+ + 0.8Ix = 0
10 6
V1 V1 V1
+ + 0.8 = 0 5A 2Ω 5Ω
10 6 6 24 V
0.4V1 = 4
V1 = 10
Figure 74
10
ISC = IN = = 1.666 A Solution:
6
First remove the R from the network and determine 5.33Ω

the VT H and RT H the details are as shown in Figure A
75. The voltage across AB is the potential difference
between AB. IL
The potential at A is VTH =2 +
- 5.33Ω
VA = 5A × 2Ω = 10V B
The potential at B is Figure 78

—————————-
24 ——————————–
VB = × 5 = 8V
15 Q 2012-JUNE) State Thevenin’s theorem. For the
circuit shown in Figure 79 find the current through
The potential at B is RL using Thevenin’s theorem.
2Ω V1 1Ω
VAB = VA − VB = 10V − 8V = 2V A
A B 10Ω 10 V +- 10 A
2Ω R L = 13Ω
5A 2Ω 5Ω
24 V
B
Figure 79
Solution:
Figure 75
To determine RT H the details are as shown in Figure 2Ω V1 1Ω
75. The 10Ω and 5Ω are in parallel which is in series A
with 2Ω.
2Ω
RT H = 2 + (10||5) = 2 + 3.333 = 3.333Ω 10 V +- 10 A
B
A RAB B 10Ω
Figure 80
5Ω By node analysis VT H is
2Ω
V1 − 10 V1
+ − 10 = 0
2 2
V1 = 10 + 5 = 15V = ET H
Figure 76
RT H is
2×2
5.33Ω A RT H = 1 + = 2Ω
A 2+2
2Ω V1 1Ω A
VTH =2 +
- 0.375 A 5.33Ω
B 2Ω R TH
B
Equivalent Equivalent
Figure 77 B
Figure 81 10Ω
A
R TH = 2Ω
A
5Ω 5Ω
E TH =15V +- R L = 13Ω RTH
B
j5Ω j5Ω
Figure 82 B
The current through IL is Figure 86
ET H 15
IL = = = 1A
RT H + RL 2 + 13 (5 + j5) × (15 + j5)
ZN =
5 + j5 + 15 + j5
—————————- 7.07∠45 × 15.81∠18.43
=
Q 2001-Aug, 2011-JAN) Obtain Thevenin and 22.36∠26.56
Norton equivalent circuit at terminals AB for the = 5∠36.87◦ Ω
network shown in Figure 83 Find the current
through 10 Ω resistor across AB. The Norton Equivalent circuit is as shown in Figure
87
10Ω
A
A
5Ω 5Ω
5 30° A IN
j5Ω j5Ω 2.33 56.57° A 5 36.87° Ω
B
Figure 83 B
Solution:
Figure 87
10Ω
A The Thevenin’s Equivalent
5Ω 5Ω VT H = IN × ZN = 2.236∠56.57◦ A × 5∠36.87◦ Ω
5 30° A
= 11.18∠93.44◦ Ω
j5Ω j5Ω
B
Figure 84
VT H = IN × ZN = 2.236∠56.57◦ Atimes5∠36.87◦ Ω
10Ω
A The Thevenin’s Equivalent circuit is as shown in
Figure 88
5Ω
5 30° A IN 5 36.87° Ω
j5Ω
B
+ 11.18 93.34° V
- 10 Ω
Figure 85
The Norton’s current IN is
5 + j5 7.07∠45
IN = 5∠30 × = 5∠30 × Figure 88
10 + 5 + j5 15.81∠18.43
◦
= 2.236∠56.57 A Current through load 10 is Ω
10 × (3 + j4)
11.18∠93.43 11.18∠93.43 ZT H = −j10 +
IL = = 10 + 3 + j4
5∠36.87 + 10 4 + j3 + 10
◦ 30 + j40 50∠53.13
11.18∠93.43 = −j10 + = 10 +
= 13 + j4 13.6∠17.027
14.31∠12.1
= 0.781∠81.34◦ = −j10 + 3.6762∠36.027◦ Ω
= −j10 + 2.9731 + j2.1622Ω
—————————- = 2.9731 − j7.8378Ω
Q 2000-July) Obtain Thevenin and Norton equiva-
= 8.3828∠ − 69.227Ω
lent circuit at terminals AB for the network shown
in Figure 89. Find the current through 10 Ω resistor
across AB 8.3828 −69.22 Ω
10Ω 3Ω
A -j10Ω
10 0° V +- + 3.67 36.027° V
j4Ω -
B
Figure 89
Solution: Figure 92
-j10Ω Nortons equivalent circuit is ISC and ZT H which
A are as shown in Figure 93
VT H 3.676∠36.03
ISC = =
10Ω 3Ω ZT H 8.3828∠ − 69.227
= 0.4385∠105.257
10 0° V +- A
j4Ω
B
IN
2.33 56.57° A 8.3828 −69.22 Ω
Figure 90
B
I(13 + j4) − 10 = 0
I(13.6∠17.1) = 10 Figure 93
10 —————————-
I = Q 2001-March) For the circuit shown in Figure
13.6∠17.1
I = 0.7352∠ − 17.1 94 determine the load current IL using Norton’s
theorem .
j3Ω -j2Ω
A
VT H = I × (3 + j4) = (0.7352∠ − 17.1)(5∠53.13)
IL
= 3.676∠36.03 10Ω
5Ω
-j10Ω 10 0° V 5 90° V
A
B
3Ω
RTH
10Ω
Figure 94
j4Ω Solution:
B Determine the open circuit voltage VT H for the
circuit is as shown in Figure 101. Apply KVL
Figure 91 around the loop
-j6 Ω
o o
x(j3 − j2) + 5∠90 − 10∠0 =
jx + j5 − 10 = IL
jx = 10 − j5
x = −j(10 − j5)
+
- 25 143.13° V 5Ω
x = −5 − j10
x = 11.18∠ − 116.56o
The voltage VT H is the voltage between AB Figure 97

VT H = 10∠0o − j3x
= 10 − j3(−5 − j10) A
= −20 + j15
IN
= 25∠143.13o 4.167 233.13° A − j6 Ω
j3Ω -j2Ω
A
B
10Ω
x
5 90° V Figure 98
10 0° V
—————————-
B
Q 2000-March) What should be the value of pure
Figure 95 resistance to be connected across the terminals A
The Thevenin impedance ZT H for the circuit is as and B in the network shown in Figure 99 so that
shown in Figure ?? is maximum power is transferred to the load? What is
the maximum power?
j3 × (−j2)
ZT H = j10Ω j10Ω
j1
6 A
=
j1
= 6∠ − 90o
-j20Ω
100 0° V
A
B
j3Ω -j2Ω RTH
Figure 99
Solution:
B The open circuit voltage VT H for the circuit is as

shown in Figure 101 is
Figure 96
The Thevenin circuit is as shown in Figure 97. The
current through the load is
25∠143.13o 25∠143.13o x(j10 − j20) − 100∠0o =

IL = =
5 − j6 7.8∠ − 50.2o 100∠0o
= 3.2∠193.3 o x =
−j10
PL = IL2 RL x = j10
PL = (3.2)2 × 5 VT H = j10 × −j20
= 51.2W = 200V
j10Ω j10Ω —————————-

A Q 2000-FEB) What should be the value of pure
resistance to be connected across the terminals A
and B in the network shown in Figure 103 so that
x -j20Ω maximum power is transferred to the load? What is
100 0° V the maximum power?
5 60° Ω 10 −30° Ω
B
Figure 100 A
The Thevenin impedance ZT H for the circuit is as
shown in Figure ?? is 10 0° V 5 90° V
B
j10 × (−j20)
ZT H = j10 + Figure 103
j10 − j10
200 Solution:
= j10 +
−j10
The open circuit voltage VT H for the circuit is as
100∠0o
= j10 + shown in Figure 101 is
−j10
= j10 + j20
= j30
x(5∠60o + 10∠ − 30o ) + 5∠90o − 10∠0o = 0
j10Ω j10Ω x(2.5 + j4.33 + 8.66 − j5) + j5 − 10 = 0
A
x(11.16 − j0.67) = 10 − j5
x -j20Ω 10 − j5
100 0° V =
11.16 − j0.67
11.18∠ − 26.56
B =
11.18∠ − 34.36
= 1∠ − 23.13
Figure 101
The Thevenin circuit is as shown in Figure 102. The
current through the load is
VAB = 10∠0o − x(5∠60o )
= 10 − (1∠ − 23.13)(5∠60o )
200 200
IL = = = 10 − (5∠36.87)
30 + j30 42.43∠45o
= 4.714∠ − 45o = 10 − (4 + j3)
PL = IL2 RL = 6 − j3
= (4.714)2 × 30 VT H = 6.7∠ − 26.56)
= 666.6W
5 60° Ω 10 −30° Ω
j30 Ω
A
IL x
10 0° V 5 90° V
200 0° V +- 30 Ω B
Figure 104
The Thevenin impedance ZT H for the circuit is as
Figure 102 shown in Figure 105 is
Figure 105
5∠60o × 10∠ − 30o The load impedance is 4-j2 Ω
ZT H = The Thevenin circuit is as shown in Figure 106. The
5∠60o + 10∠ − 30o
j10 × (−j20) current through the load is
ZT H = j10 +
j10 − j10
50∠30o 6.708∠ − 26.56 6.708∠ − 26.56
= IL = =
(2.5 + j4.33) + (8.66 − j53) 4 + j2 + 4 − j2 8
50∠30o = 0.8385∠ − 26.65o
=
11.18∠ − 34.36o PL = IL2 RL
= 4.47∠26.56o
= (0.8385)2 × 4
= 4 + j2
= 2.8123W
A 4+j2Ω
5 60° Ω
10 −30° Ω RTH 4-j2Ω
6.708∠ − 26.560
B Figure 106
Important: All the diagrams are redrawn and solutions are prepared. While
preparing this study material most of the concepts are taken from some text books
or it may be Internet. This material is just for class room teaching to make
better understanding of the concepts on Network analysis: Not for any commercial
purpose

Thevenin Theorem 2

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Thevenin Theorem 2

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0.1.

0.1 Thevenin/Norton Theorem

Apply KVL around the loop

-j5 VOC = 12 − 1 × 103 i −

The short circuit current is Figure 10

by determining the short circuit current at Figure 15

Solving the following simultaneous equations B

Q 2019-DEC) Determine the current through the

Figure 19 j8Ω j10 3 0 V

21(12 + j24) 50(30 + j60) A

6+j2 VOC = i(−j8)

20 2018 Dec JUNE 2013-JUNE MARCH-2000 ) Find

VOC 30 20∠00 20∠00

6 RTH of the network as shown in Figure 54

Figure 56 0.141∠ − 45V1 = 1.04∠163.3

Q 2016-JUNE) Obtain the Thevenin’s equivalent V1 − 3

6I x Q 2014-JUNE) Find the value of load resistance

VTH =40 V + 24Ω

First remove the R from the network and determine 5.33Ω

The potential at B is Figure 78

The voltage VT H is the voltage between AB Figure 97

B The open circuit voltage VT H for the circuit is as

25∠143.13o 25∠143.13o x(j10 − j20) − 100∠0o =

j10Ω j10Ω —————————-

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