EENG223 Circuit Theory I / INFE221 Electric Circuits – Final Exam

Faculty of Engineering

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

EENG223 Circuit Theory I

INFE221 – Electrical Circuits

FINAL EXAM
Spring 2008-09

23 June 2009
Duration: 120 minutes

Instructor: O. Kukrer

Solve all 5 Problems

STUDENT’S
NUMBER
NAME
SURNAME
GROUP NO.

Problem Points
1 20
2 20
3 20
4 20
5 25
TOTAL 105
 EENG223 Circuit Theory I / INFE221 Electric Circuits – Final Exam

1. In the circuit of Figure 1,

(a) Find the current io using nodal analysis. (10 pts)

(b) Find the current io using mesh analysis. (10 pts)

io
12 Ω
12 V
8 Ω
+

Figure 1 +
5vx
5 Ω vx 6A

(a)
supernode

io KCL for the supernode :

v1
12 Ω - 6 - 5v x = 0 v x = v1 � v1 = -1.25 V
v1
12 V
v2 8 Ω v3
5
+
v2 = v1 - 12 = -13.25 V
+ KCL for node 3 :
5vx
5 Ω vx 6A

v3 - v2 v3 - v1 122v1 + 3v2 v -v
-5v x + + = 0 � v3 = = -38.45 V i0 = 1 3 = 3.1 A
8 12 5 12

(b)
io
KVL eqn. can be written only for mesh 1:
12 Ω
i1
12 V
+ -12 + 12i1 + 8(i1 - i3 ) = 0 (1)
8 Ω

+ i3 = -5v x = -5( -5i2 ) = 25i2

5vx
vx
i3 - i2 = 6 A � i2 = 0.25 A � i3 = 6.25 A
5 Ω
i2
6A
i3
Substitute in (1) � i1 = i0 = 3.1 A
 EENG223 Circuit Theory I / INFE221 Electric Circuits – Final Exam

2. In the circuit of Figure 2,

(a) Find R so that maximum power is transferred to the resistance R. (15 pts)
(b) Find this maximum power. (5 pts)

2A
Figure 2
4 Ω 6 Ω
1 Ω
+
+
10 V R 6 Ω 8V

(a) Thevenin equivalent at the terminals of R must be found.

Voc: By source transformation:

2A
2V
4 Ω
4 Ω 6 Ω
+
1 Ω � + +
1 Ω 3 Ω
+ + 10 V +
10 V 6 Ω + V I0 4V
V oc 8V oc

KVL: -10 - 2 + 4 + 8 I 0 = 0 � I 0 = 1 A � Voc = 10 - 4 I 0 = 6 V

RTh:
4 Ω 6 Ω
RTh = 4W P(1 + 6 P6)W = 4W P4W = 2W
1 Ω
R Th 6 Ω

\ For maximum power transfer R = RTh = 2 W

VTh2
(b) Maximum power transferred: Pmax = = 4.5 W
4 RTh
 EENG223 Circuit Theory I / INFE221 Electric Circuits – Final Exam

3. In the circuit in Figure 3, the op-amps are ideal

(a) Find the voltage v0 when R f = � (open circuit) . (10 pts)

(b) Find the voltage v0 when R f = 12 kW . (10 pts)

40 k Ω R f
Figure 3
2k Ω
10 k Ω v0
+
0.4 V
10 k Ω

(a) When R f = �

40 k Ω
v01 = -20 �0.4 = -8 V
2k Ω 10
10 k Ω v +2 v0 � v +2 = v01 = -4 V
20
+
0.4 V v 01 \ v0 = v +2 = -4 V
10 k Ω

(b) When R f = 12 kW , the first amplifier may be considered as a summing amplifier, with inputs which
are the 0.4 V and v0.
�40 40 � 10
v01 = - � �0.4 + v0 �= - (8 + v0 ) V
�2 12 � 3
10 5
� v +2 = v01 = -(4 + v0 ) V
20 3
8
\ v0 = v+2 � v0 = -4 V � v0 = -1.5 V
3
 EENG223 Circuit Theory I / INFE221 Electric Circuits – Final Exam

4. The switch in the circuit in Figure 4 has been closed for a long time. It is opened at t = 0. Find
the capacitor voltage v(t) for t > 0.

t =0
300 Ω
Figure 4
+
100 Ω
50 V +
v (t) i0
_
2 i0
0.1 F

At t = 0- the circuit is under dc conditions:

300 Ω
KVL for the loop:
3 i0 + 100 Ω
50 V + - i0
-50 + 300(3i0 ) + 100i0 = 0
2 i0 v (0 )
� i0 = 0.05 A � v (0- ) = 100i0 = 5 V
_

When the switch is opened at t = 0:

v (0+ ) = v (0 - ) = 5 V
A
dv v
+ KCL at node A: iC = -3i0 Also, iC = C , i0 =
iC 100 Ω dt 100
2 i0 v (t) i0
0.1 F dv 3 dv
� 0.1 =- v � = -0.3v
dt 100 dt
\ v (t ) = v (0).e -0.3t = 5e -0.3t V

OR the solution could be found by determining the time constant as t = ReqC , where Req is found from
the circuit

A vt 100
KCL: it = 3i0 vt = 100i0 � Req = = W
+ it 3
100 Ω 100 10
i0 \ t= �0.1 = s � v(t ) = v (0).e - t /t = 5e -3t /10 V
2 i0 vt it 3 3
 EENG223 Circuit Theory I / INFE221 Electric Circuits – Final Exam

5.The switch in the circuit in Figure 5 has been closed for a long time. It is opened at t = 0.

(a) Find the current i(t) for t > 0. (20 pts)

(b) Find the total energy dissipated in the 120 Ω resistor after the switch is opened. (5 pts)

t =0
10 μ F
Figure 5
200 Ω
10 A i(t) 120 Ω
100 mH

(a) At t = 0- the circuit is under dc conditions:

+ v (0 )

10 A
200 Ω i (0 ) 120 Ω
i (0- ) = -10 A v (0- ) = 0 V

When the switch is opened at t = 0, the resulting circuit is a source-free RLC circuit:
10 μ F
At t = 0+ i (0+ ) = i (0- ) = -10 A .
+ v (t)
1 1
i(t) 120 Ω w0 = =
-6
= 103 rad./s
100 mH LC 0.1 �10 �10
R 120 W
a= = = 600 / s, � a < w0
2 L 2 �0.1 H

Therefore, the response is under-damped. The solution for the current has the form

i (t ) = e -a t ( B1 cos(wd t ) + B2 sin(wd t ) ) ; wd = w02 - a 2 = 800 rad./s

To find the unknown coefficients, the initial conditions are applied. First the initial condition for the time
derivative of current must be determined.

di di + 1
KVL: + v (t ) + Ri (t ) = 0 �
L (0 ) = - ( v (0+ ) + Ri (0 + ) ) = -10.(0 - 1200) = 12000 A/s
dt dt L
i (0) = B1 = -10 A
 EENG223 Circuit Theory I / INFE221 Electric Circuits – Final Exam

di
= ( -a e -a t ) ( B1 cos(wd t ) + B2 sin(wd t ) ) + e -a t ( -wd B1 sin(wd t ) + wd B2 cos(wd t ) )
dt
di 12000 + 600( -10)
t=0 � (0) = -a B1 + wd B2 � B2 = = 7.5 A
dt 800
i (t ) = e -600t ( -10cos(800t ) + 7.5sin(800t ) ) A

(b) The energy dissipated in the resistor is the total energy stored in the inductor and the capacitor at
t = 0+ ,

1 2 + 1 2 + 1
Wtotal = Li (0 ) + Cv (0 ) = �0.1 �102 = 5 J
2 2 2