+

Exampl 01 Find work done in associating 𝒒

the system .
𝒂 𝒂
Solution
Work done in associating the system, 𝒒 𝒒
𝟑𝒌𝒒𝟐 𝒂
𝑾 = 𝑼𝒇 − 𝑼𝒊 = −𝟎
𝒂
𝟑𝒌𝒒𝟐
𝑾=
𝒂
 +
Exampl 01
Solution

Ans:
𝟑𝒌𝒒𝟐
𝑾=
𝒂
 +
Exampl 02 Find PE of the given q4
𝒓
q3
system
𝒓 𝒓
Solution
q1 q2
𝑼𝒔 = 𝑼𝟏𝟐 + 𝑼𝟐𝟑 +𝑼𝟑𝟒 +𝑼𝟒𝟏 +𝑼𝟏𝟑 +𝑼 𝒓
𝟒𝟐

𝒌𝒒𝟏 𝒒𝟐 𝒌𝒒𝟐 𝒒𝟑 𝒌𝒒𝟑 𝒒𝟒 𝒌𝒒𝟒 𝒒𝟏 𝒌𝒒𝟏 𝒒𝟑 𝒌𝒒𝟒 𝒒𝟐

𝑼𝒔 = + + + + +
𝒓 𝒓 𝒓 𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝒓

If all charges are identical,

𝟒𝒌𝒒𝟐 𝟐𝒌𝒒𝟐 𝒌𝒒𝟐
𝑼𝒔 = + 𝑼𝒔 = (𝟒 + 𝟐)
𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝒓
 +
Exampl 02
Solution

Ans:
𝒌𝒒𝟐
𝑼𝒔 = (𝟒 + 𝟐)
𝒓
 +
Exampl 03 Find PE of the given
q 𝒓 q
system
𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝒓
q q
𝟑𝒓 𝟑𝒓
Solution 𝒓 𝒓
q q
𝟏 𝒓
𝑼𝒔 = (𝑼𝟏 + 𝑼𝟐 + 𝑼𝟑 + 𝑼𝟒 + 𝑼𝟓 + 𝑼𝟔 )
𝟐

𝟏
𝑼𝒔 = (𝟔𝑼𝟏 ) = 𝟑𝑼𝟏
𝟐

𝟐𝒌𝒒𝟐 𝟐𝒌𝒒𝟐 𝒌𝒒𝟐

𝑼𝒔 = 𝟑 𝑼𝟏 =𝟑 + +
𝒓 𝟑𝒓 𝟐𝒓
 +
Exampl 03
Solution

Ans:

𝟐𝒌𝒒𝟐 𝟐𝒌𝒒𝟐 𝒌𝒒𝟐

𝑼𝒔 = 𝟑 + +
𝒓 𝟑𝒓 𝟐𝒓
 +
Exampl 04 Find PE of the given q q

system q
q

𝒓
Solution
𝒓 q
𝐍𝐨𝐭𝐞 In case of cube - q
𝒓
Total no. of pairs = 28 q
q

12 side pairs + 12 face diagonals + 4 body diagonals

𝟏𝟐𝒌𝒒𝟐 𝟏𝟐𝒌𝒒𝟐 𝟒𝒌𝒒𝟐

𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟑𝒓
 +
Exampl 04 q
Solution q
q
q
𝟏 𝒓
𝑼𝒔 = (𝟖𝑼𝟏 ) = 𝟒𝑼𝟏
𝟐
𝒓 q
𝟑𝒌𝒒𝟐
𝟑𝒌𝒒𝟐
𝒌𝒒𝟐 q
𝑼𝒔 = 𝟒 + + 𝒓
𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟑𝒓
q q
 +
Exampl 04
Solution

Ans:

𝟑𝒌𝒒𝟐 𝟑𝒌𝒒𝟐 𝒌𝒒𝟐

𝑼𝒔 = 𝟒 + +
𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟑𝒓
Electric Potential Energy -Dipole Placed
in Uniform Electric Field
Dipole placed in Uniform electric field

Electric Dipole moment

Ԧ
(𝑃 = 2q𝒍) +q
𝑭 = 𝒒𝐸

𝒑
q
-q 𝐸
𝑭 = 𝒒𝐸

Net force acting on the Dipole,

𝑭net = 𝒒𝑬 + −𝒒 𝑬 = 𝟎
Torque on dipole in Uniform electric field
𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫
𝐓𝐨𝐫𝐪𝐮𝐞 ( 𝝉 ) = 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 × 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞 ( 𝑭 )
𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐬
(𝒓)
+q
𝝉 = 𝒓 × 𝑭 = 𝟐𝒍Ԧ × 𝒒𝑬 𝑭 = 𝒒𝐸
= 𝟐𝒒𝒍Ԧ × 𝑬 ℓ
q l sinq
-q
𝑭 = 𝒒𝐸

𝝉=𝒑×𝑬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝝉 = 𝒑𝑬𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽

Work done in rotating an Electric dipole in Uniform
electric field

In rotating the dipole by

small angle 𝒅𝜽, q2
Work done dW q1
𝐸
-q
න𝐝𝐖 = න 𝛕𝐝𝛉

Work done in rotating the dipole from initial angular position 𝜽𝟏

to 𝜽𝟐 is
𝛉𝟐 𝛉𝟐

𝐖 = න 𝛕𝐝𝛉 = pE න 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉 𝐝𝛉 = pE (cos q1 – 𝐜𝐨𝐬 q𝟐)

𝛉𝟏 𝛉𝟏
Work done in rotating an Electric dipole in Uniform
electric field

𝜽𝟐 𝜽𝟐

𝑾 = න 𝝉𝒅𝜽 = pE න 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒅𝜽 = pE (cos q1 – 𝒄𝒐𝒔 q𝟐)

𝜽𝟏 𝜽𝟏

Example

W𝟎 → 𝟏𝟖𝟎° = 𝒑𝑬 𝟏 − −𝟏 = 𝟐𝒑𝑬

W𝟎 → 𝟗𝟎° = 𝒑𝑬 𝟏 − 𝟎 = 𝒑𝑬
 Work done in rotating an Electric dipole in Uniform
electric field

Note If a dipole is rotated from

field direction (𝜽 = 𝟎°) to 𝜽 then, 𝑾 = 𝒑𝑬(𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 q )

+
𝐄 𝐩 𝐄
𝐄
− 𝐩 + + 𝐩 −
−
𝜽 = 𝟎° 𝜽 = 𝟗𝟎° 𝜽 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝝉 = 𝟎 (𝒎𝒊𝒏) 𝝉 = 𝒑𝑬 (𝒎𝒂𝒙) 𝝉 = 𝟎 (𝒎𝒊𝒏)
𝑾 = 𝟎 (𝒎𝒊𝒏) 𝑾 = 𝒑𝑬 𝑾 = 𝟐𝒑𝑬(𝒎𝒂𝒙)
Electrostatic Potential Energy of dipole placed in
a uniform field

Electrostatic potential energy of a dipole placed in a uniform

field is defined as work done in rotating a dipole from a
direction perpendicular to the field to the given direction i.e.,

𝐔 = Wq – W90° = 𝐩𝐄 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉 − 𝐩𝐄 = −𝐩𝐄𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉 = −𝐩. 𝐄

 Note

As 𝐄 is a conservative field so what ever work is done in rotating

a dipole from 𝛉1 to 𝛉2 is just equal to change in electrostatic
potential energy.

Wq = Uq – Uq = pE (cosq1 – cosq2)
1 → q2 2 1