MEDICAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas
Eupnea Normal breathing
Apnea Absence of breathing
Dyspnea Difficulty in breathing
Hypoxia decrease of oxygen in tissue
Hypoxemia decrease of oxygen in blood
Asphyxia condition caused by
insufficient intake of oxygen
Aphonia Loss of voice
Aphasia Inability to speak
accumulation of fluid in
peritoneal cavity
Ascitis
Peritoneal cavity - the space
within the abdomen that
contains the intestine
Ataxia poor muscle control that
causes clumsy voluntary
movements
“itis” word ending meaning inflammation
Inflammation of the appendix
Appendicitis Appendix - is a small thin
pouch connected to the large
intestine
Arthritis Inflammation of the joint
Bronchitis Inflammation of the mucous
membrane in the bronchial
tubes
Colitis Inflammation of the lining of
the colon (large intestine)
Gastroenteritis Inflammation of the mucous
membrane of the stomach
and intestines
Inflammation of one or more
diverticula
Diverticula - are small,
Diverticulitis bulging pouches that can
form in the digestive system.
They are found most often in
the lower part of the large
intestine
Encephalitis Inflammation of the brain
Inflammation of the
endocardium
Endocarditis
Endocardium - is the
innermost layer of the heart
Inflammation of the
pericardium
Pericarditis
Pericardium - surround the
heart and the roots of the
great blood vessels
Inflammation of the
conjunctiva
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctiva - eye covering
layer
Dermatitis Inflammation of the skin
Tonsillitis Inflammation of the tonsils
Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver
Mastitis Inflammation of the
mammary gland in the breast
Meningitis Inflammation of the
meninges. the membranes
that line the brain and the
spinal cord
Poliomyelitis an infectious viral disease
that can cause paralysis
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the
gallbladder
hIsthmitis Inflammation of the throat
Phlebitis Inflammation of the vein
Gingivitis Inflammation of the gum
Glossitis Inflammation of the tongue
“algia” word ending indicating pain
Arthralgia Joint pain
Any type of pain affecting the
Cephalgia head, face or neck;
commonly known as
headache
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Mastalgia/Mastodynia Pain in the breast Pancreatomegaly Enlargement of the pancreas

Myalgia Muscle pain Enlargement of the

peripheral part of the body,
Neuralgia Nerve pain Acromegaly especially the head, face,
hands and feet resulting from
Hematemesis Vomiting blood excessive secretion of growth
hormone
Hyperemesis Excessive vomiting
Hydronephrosis Abnormal condition of water
“plegia” word ending, meaning–paralysis or stroke on the kidney

Hydro - means water

Paralysis Voluntary movement lost
“hyper” means above high or excess; “hypo” means less
Monoplegia Paralysis of single limb or a
than normal
single group of muscles
Hyperthyroidism Excessive production of
Hemiplegia Paralysis of one side of the
thyroid hormone
body
Hyperlipidemia An excess of fat or lipid in the
Paraplegia Paralysis of the leg
blood
Quadriplegia Paralysis of all four
Hyperkinesia An abnormally increase in
extremities
muscular activity
Pentaplegia Quadriplegia + respiratory
Hypercalcemia An abnormally high level of
depression
calcium in the blood
“paresis” meaning incomplete or partial paralysis;
Hyperuricemia An abnormally high level of
“hemi” means half
uric acid in the blood
Hemiparesis Partial weakness on one side
Abnormally high fever
of the body
Hyperpyrexia
Pyrexia means fever

Hyperthermia Unusually high body

Xerophthalmia Abnormal dryness of the temperature
cornea of eye or dry eyes
other conditions:
Photophobia Flashes of light
Constipation Difficult or delayed defecation
Diplopia Double vision
Diarrhea Frequent discharge of liquid
Epiphora Excessive tearing stool (feces)
Diagnosis Identification of a disease or Abnormal side pocket in
a condition Diverticula hollow structure, such as
intestine, sigmoid colon and
A connection made surgically duodenum
Anastomosis between adjacent blood
vessels, part of the intestine Flatus Gas expelled through the
or other channels of the body anus
“megaly” means large Swollen or twisted
Hemorrhoids veins–either outside or just
Splenomegaly Enlargement of the spleen inside the anus

Nephromegaly Enlargement of one or both Melena Feces containing blood

kidneys (black tarry stool)

Hepatosplenomegaly Enlargement of the liver and Steatorrhea Excessive fat in feces

spleen
Borborygmus Rumbling, gurgling sound
Hepatic - means liver made by movement of gas in

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intestine

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 Bruxism Grinding teeth involuntarily
often while sleeping
“leuko” means white
Leukocyte White blood cells
Leukoplakia White plaque or patches of
mouth mucosa
other conditions:
Sublingual Under the tongue
Aphagia Inability to swallow
Dysphagia Difficulty swallowing
Dyspepsia Difficulty digestion
(indigestion)
Dysphasia Difficulty speaking
Odynophagia Painful swallowing
Menorrhea Menstrual bleeding
Amenorrhea Absence of menstrual
discharge
Dysmenorrhea Painful menstruation
Leucorrhea Whitish vaginal discharge
TERMS:
Patent means open
A diagnostic effort or
Non invasive procedure treatment that does not
require entering the body or
puncturing the skin
An electronic device that is
surgically placed in the
Pacemaker patient's body and connected
to the heart to regulate the
heartbeat
Defibrillator An electronic device used to
establish normal heartbeat
Congenital A disease or physical
abnormality present from
birth
The procedure of applying
Cardioversion electrical shock to the chest
to change an abnormal
heartbeat into normal one
Palpitation A sensation in the chest
caused by an irregular
heartbeat
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action taken to prevent
Prophylaxis disease, especially by
specified means or against a
specified disease.
Hemoptysis Coughing up of blood from
the respiratory tract
Accumulation of blood and
Hemothorax fluid in the pleural space in
the chest
Pleura Is the serous membrane
enclosing the lungs
Effusion Means collection of fluid in a
closed cavity
Pleural Effusion An abnormal accumulation of
fluid in the pleural space
Pneumothorax An accumulation of air in the
pleural space
“ectomy” means surgical removal of something
Adenectomy Surgical removal of a gland
Adenoidectomy Surgical removal of the
adenoids
Adrenalectomy Removal of one or both
adrenal gland
Appendectomy Surgical removal of the
appendix
Auriculectomy Surgical removal of the ear
Tympanectomy Removal of the eardrum
Cholecystectomy Surgical removal of the
gallbladder
Colectomy Surgical removal of the colon
(large intestine)
Surgical removal of a portion
Craniectomy of the cranium (skull
composed of two part cranium
and mandible)
Cystectomy Surgical removal of the
urinary bladder
Gastrectomy Partial or full removal of the
stomach
Gingivectomy Removal of the gum
Glossectomy Removal of part or all of the
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 tongue Salpingectomy Removal of the fallopian tubes

Removal of a hemorrhoid Splenectomy Surgical removal of the spleen

Hemorrhoidectomy
Hemorrhoid also called piles Tonsillectomy Removal of the tonsils

Hepatectomy Surgical resection of the liver Thyroidectomy Removal of all or part of the
thyroid gland
Surgical removal of the
pituitary gland
Hypophysectomy “otomy” means cutting or surgical incision
Pituitary gland also called Thoracotomy Making an opening into the
hypophysis chest wall
Hysterectomy Surgical removal of the uterus Incision made into the
abdominal wall for the
Iridectomy Surgical removal of a piece of Laparotomy purpose of examining
iris from the eye abdominal organs or
diagnosing an abdominal
Keratectomy Surgical removal of the problem
cornea of the eye
Incision made into the
Surgical removal of one or trachea (respiratory organ for
both breasts Tracheotomy the purpose of inserting a
Mastectomy tube to allow air to flow the
It can be either partial or lungs
complete
Craniotomy Surgical cutting of the skull
Myectomy Removal of a portion of
muscle Surgical cut made into the
area between the vagina and
Removal of fibroids from the Episiotomy anus to prevent tearing
Myomectomy uterus, but the uterus is left during the child birthing
intact process

Necrosectomy Removal of dead tissue Surgical incision made into

the stomach for the purpose
Nephrectomy Removal of a kidney Gastrotomy of feeding an individual who
is incapable of taking in food
Neurectomy Removal of a nerve through normal processes

Oophorectomy Surgical removal of the Surgical incision made into

ovaries Hysterotomy the uterus. This procedure is
done in a cesarean section
Surgical removal of the
Orchiectomy testicles Incision or puncture made
Phlebotomy into a vein in order to draw
also called orchidectomy blood

Ostectomy Surgical removal of bone

“ostomy” means surgical procedure that creates an artificial
Pancreatectomy Removal of part or all of the
pancreas
Pancreatoduodenectomy Surgical removal involving the
or pancreas and the duodenum
Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Pneumonectomy Surgical removal of a lung
Posthectomy More commonly known as
circumcision
opening for the elimination of bodily waste
The surgical creation of an opening
between the surface of the skin and
Colostomy the colon; also referred to as a large
intestine stoma
Surgical creation of an opening
between the surface of the skin and
Ileostomy the ileum
Ileum - part of small intestine

Rhinectomy Removal of part or all of the Stoma An artificial opening of the intestine
nose to outside the abdominal wall

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 CONDITION CAUSED BY ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES

High blood lvl Low blood lvl

Potassium Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia

Sodium Hypernatremia Hyponatremia

Phosphate Hyperphosphatemia Hypophosphatemia

Magnesium Hypermagnesemia Hypomagnesemia

Chloride Hyperchloremia Hypochloremia

Calcium Hypercalcemia Hypocalcemia

OTHER CONDITIONS:

Blood sugar Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia

(glucose)

Blood pressure Hypertension Hypotension

Lipids (fats) Hyperlipidemia Hypolipidemia

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