2022 3rd Int. Conf.
on Innovations in Science, Engineering and Technology (ICISET)
26-27 February 2022, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Hybrid Power Generation using Speed Breaker
Md Faiyad Bin Bintu Mohammad Woli Ullah
Dept. of Electronic & Dept. of Electronic &
Telecommunication Engineering Telecommunication Engineering
2022 International Conference on Innovations in Science, Engineering and Technology (ICISET) | 978-1-6654-8397-1/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICISET54810.2022.9775863
International Islamic University International Islamic University
Chittagong
Chattogram, Bangladesh Chattogram, Bangladesh
Email: bintu.ete@gmail.com Email: woli1@yahoo.com
Muhammad Mostafa Amir Faisal
Dept. of Electronic and Telecommunication Enineering
International Islamic University Chittagong
Chattogram, Bangladesh
Email: oranta68@yahoo.com
Abstract— Speed breakers or speed bumps are commonly
used as traffic calming devices to slow down the motor
vehicles in heavy traffic area. Power generation by
unconventional sources is the best alternative way to fulfill
future electricity needs. On this, various experiments are
happening around the world. Power generation using kinetic
energy with the help of speed breaker is one of them. The
proposed system is designed to convert kinetic energy into
mechanical energy through the rack and gear mechanism.
Whenever a vehicle runs over the rack through speed breaker,
it causes rotation of gears producing rotational energy. The
produced power from this system is about 224 watts in a single
push with a vehicle of 400 kg and the approximate cost is
$4976 only. This system can act like a mini power plant and
can fulfill the energy needs of any developing country.
Keywords— — speed breaker, rack and gear, wheel turbine, helical
spring, AutoCAD, Fusion 360, SolidWorks, statistic graph.
I. INTRODUCTION
In the present world, industries are increasing day by
day resulting in an increased demand for electricity. Due to
limitation of resources, the produced electricity is not
enough. Consequently, the world is facing an energy crisis.
Conventional hydrocarbon fuel is mostly used for
generating electricity which is not eco-friendly. Nowadays,
renewable energy sources are widely utilized for electricity
generation to get more energy using fewer resources with
the extra benefit of saving the environment. Most of the
countries have already started generating electricity using
solar and wind energy. Another reason for expanding the
use of renewable energy is to reduce the electricity problem
in poor or developing countries. It reduces the lack of
electricity as well as the cost of producing power. The
Energy Information Administration (EIA) has predicted
about 495 to 739 quads of increase in electricity demands
in the near future [1]. To fulfill this demand, new sources
of power will be needed. To solve this, renewable energy
can be an excellent option.
Power generation using speed breakers contains a lot
of potential in renewable energy. Countries like
Bangladesh, India & Pakistan use a large number of speed
breaker or bum in the road. A large amount of power can
be generated if the technique is used properly. The power
can be used for street lights, traffic signals and the
household necessities. Around the world, a small number
of projects like this are implemented. All of these have used
978-1-6654-8397-1/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE
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Mohammed Ismail Hossain
Dept. of Electronic &
Telecommunication Engineering
International Islamic University
Chittagong Chittagong
Chattogram, Bangladesh
Email: ismailat95555@gmail.com
Muhammad Foyazur Rahman
Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering
University of North Carolina Charlotte, North Carolina,
USA
Email: foyaz24@gmail.com
small radial flux generators, for which the efficiency and
performance are not significant. So, it is important to
design a proper technique that can generate maximum
energy. For this purpose, this paper can be helpful to show
a proper design of a more effective and efficient system.
Previously, several mechanisms had been introduced
to generate power from speed breaker. Most of them used
rack-pinion and flywheel mechanism and others used roller
and crankshaft mechanism to generate power from speed
breaker [2-11]. In rack-pinion and flywheel mechanism, a
rack is attached with speed breaker. When the speed
breaker goes down, the attached pinion with rack rotates.
A flywheel is connected with the pinion through a belt or
chain. So, when the pinions rotate, the flywheel also rotates
and the flywheel is kept connected with a generator to
produce power. On the other hand, in roller and crankshaft
mechanism, a speed breaker sized roller is installed as
speed breaker. When a vehicle passes through it, the
reverse rotation of vehicles tire is generated. By using this
rotation, a crankshaft rotates and a generator generates the
power. Both of the methods are interesting, but the setup
and designs are not productive to get maximum efficiency
and using roller and crankshaft method may cause accident
due to inertia of motion.
II. METHODOLOGY
Energy needs in the world has risen rapidly over the
years with developing countries. In these modern days of
industrialization, the necessity and demand of energy is too
much. But the sources of energy are limited and conversion
of energy from one to another form is a common case of
energy loss. For the limitations of main sources of
electricity like oil, gas and other natural resources, it is a
high time to think for alternatives. In that case, renewable
energy can play a supporting role. Here, electricity can be
produced from speed breaker of road where a large number
of vehicles run over through it. Day by day the number of
vehicles is increasing, so there is a golden opportunity of
tapping the energy and generating electricity through speed
breaker. The proposed system is designed with rack-pinion
mechanism as depicted in Fig. 1. The system is divided into
two parts; namely upper part and lower part.
In upper part, a rack is attached with speed breaker
which is connected with two parts of gears and each part
 contains two gears. The main gear of 20 teeth is attached
with one side of the rack so that it can rotate. Two small
side gears of 7 teeth is attached with the main gear. When
a vehicle runs over or pushes in speed breaker, a forward
stroke will be generated and the rack will go down as well
as the gears of part 1 will rotate. After run over through the
speed breaker, a reverse stroke will be generated through
the helical spring and the rack will go up and the gears in
part 2 will rotate. The gears will be attached with an AC
generator to produce the power.
In lower part, air turbine mechanism is used as
depicted in Fig. 2. There is a spring box surrounding the
springs and an air hole with a tunnel in that. In front of
tunnel, a wheel turbine is installed. When the vehicle will
push the speed breaker, an air pressure will be generated
and go out through the tunnel causing rotation of the wheel
turbine. The wheel turbine also will be connected with an
AC generator to produce the power.
Fig. 1. Hybrid Power Generation Using Speed Breaker
Fig. 2. Turbine Setup
The methodology is chosen because of its less
complexity in efficient way. The gears can connect directly
to the AC generator and no mechanical devices are needed
to be installed in the middle. For this reason, it will be easy
to install and maintain, which is one of the best features of
the system. Also, the system is eco-friendly, there is no
chance of pollution by this system.
The equipment which are used to design the system is
common and available in market. Also, the mechanism is
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not so complicated. So, it will be easy to manufacture. The
setup can be established in road for practical use if the
proper permission can be ensured.
III. EQUIPMENT USED FOR SPEED BREAKER DESIGN
A. Rack & Pinion
A rack and pinion are a kind of linear actuator that
consists of a circular gear called pinion facilitating a linear
gear called a rack, which manages to convert rotational
motion into linear motion. In this design, a rack with a
length of 20cm with 25 teeth is used. The main gear is
7.5cm in radius with 20 teeth and the side gear is 2.5cm in
radius with 7 teeth.
B. Helical Spring
One kind of spring called helical is made with a
wire coiled form of a helix. Basically, intended for
compressive loads. The cross-section area of the wire,
spring can be made circular, square, or rectangular. The
application of Helical spring is to defend given forces and
make itself ready to provide push by storing energy.
C. Wheel Turbine
Wheel turbine or fan or turbine wheel are generally
designed horizontally or can be of various shapes having a
set of curved floats so that water or air can rotate the fan
and can produce power from rotation.
D. Alternating Current (AC) Generator
An AC generator is also familiar as an alternator.
As a generator, an AC generator is able to convert available
mechanical energy into electrical energy. The produced
power or energy by an AC Generator is in the form of
alternating current. The output waveform is a sinusoidal
waveform. An ac generator can get mechanical energy
from different kind of turbine-like steam turbine, gas
turbine or engines like combustion turbine.
IV. CALCULATION AND SIMULATION
A. Equation for upper part
F = mg is used to find the force from vehicle. Where ‘F’ is
force, ‘m’ is the mass of the vehicle and ‘g’ is the
acceleration of gravity.
A vehicle of 400 kg will give about 3920 N force.
This system contains rack of 20 cm having 20 teeth. Main
gear of radius r1 = 7.5 cm is with 20 teeth. Couple of gear
of 7 teeth and radius r2 = 2.5 cm are used as side gear.
a) Torque calculation for gear
Torque is defined by,
τ1 = r1 × F = 0.075 × 3920
Where τ1 is the torque, r1 is the radius of main gear and F is
the force applied by vehicle.
About 294 Nm torque will be produced in main gear for
400 kg load.
To find side gear torque, equation, τ2 = τ1 × (r2 / r1) is used.
Where r2 is the radius of side gear.
About τ2 = 98 Nm torque is produced in each side gear.
 Power from gear can be defined as,
PG = τ2 × ɷ (1)
Where ɷ is the angular velocity and defined as,
ଶగே
ɷ=
଺଴
Where N is the revolution and N = 3 rps.
When a vehicle pushes the rack and the rack goes fully
down which rotate the main gear for 1 time and this makes
3 rotations for side gear. So, N = 3 for forward stoke and
vice versa.
Angular velocity, ɷ = 0.31416 will come for 400kg load.
Putting value of ɷ and τ2 in equation (1) shows 30.79-watt Fig. 3. Rack Curve
power will be produced from forward stoke with a load of
400kg. When the vehicle moves and attached system Rack displacement with time is shown in figure 3.
springs push the rack, same power will be produced again. The rack goes 20 inches in 1 sec when the vehicle pushes
So, 61.58 w power will be produced from one side and the speed breaker. When the vehicle moves from the speed
total, PG = 2 × 61.58 = 123.16-watt power will be produced breaker, sprigs push the piston and the rack goes upward.
in a single push for a load of 400.

B. Calculation for lower part

Air box / Spring box size;
height = 10 inch = 25.4cm
Width = 10 inch = 25.4 cm
Length = 10ft = 305 cm
Volume of a rectangular box is defined as V= w×h×l
Where w is width, h is height and l is the length of the box.
So, volume of the rectangular box = 196773.8 cm = volume
of the air in the box = V1
Density of air, ߩ = 1.225 kg/m3

Air exit hole radius, R = 2.54 cm Fig. 4. Main Gear Curve

Area = ߨ × 2 = 20.27 cm2
Turbine radius, r = 5cm = 0.05m Rotation of the main gear with time is described
Pressure from simulation for 400kg load [SolidWorks in figure 4. Main gear rotates 1.3 times in one sec. The rack
software is used for simulation], helps to rotate the gear. For increasing rotation of gear, two
P1 = 1022551 dyn/cm2 small side gears are used with the main gear.
P2 = 1013518 dyn/cm2
Volume can be defined from Bernoulli’s principle,
ଵ ଵ
P1+ ߩ1݃1ℎ1+ ρ1‫ݒ‬12 = p2+ ߩʹ‰ʹℎ2+ ρ2v22 (2)
ଶ ଶ
From equation (2) V2 can be calculated and it is about 34.74
m/s.
Now power calculation from air turbine can be defined as,
ଵ
PA = ρAV23 × efficiency (3)
ଶ
Where A = ߨ × ‫ݎ‬2 is the swept area of turbine, ρ is the
density of air, V2 is the velocity of air. Let’s assume that
the efficiency is 50% as the air will exit fast.
Putting all the values in equation (3), it gives the power, P
Fig. 5. Side Gear Curve
= 100.845 watt.
Side gears will rotate three times in one sec with the
Total power, PT = PG + PA = 123.16 + 100.845 = 224 watt help of the main gears shown in figure 5. Side gear is used
to increase the rotation of the AC Generator.
C. Simulation
a) Rack and Gear Curve: b) Lower part Simulation:

Air pressure calculation simulation of exiting holes is

done by SolidWorks application.

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 VI. COMPARISON

Table II: Comparison Table

Reference Produced Required Weight of

Power Time/ Vehicle
(watt) Number of (Kg)
Push
[2] 273.24 Single Push 400
[3] 45 Single Push 80
[4] 4.905 60 sec 300
[5] 8.58 1 sec 350
[7] 10.21 4.18 sec 402
[8] 24.52 60 sec 1500
[9] 8.25 5 sec 350
Fig. 6. Simulation for Pressure calculation [10] 9.81 60 sec 400
Proposed 224 Single Push 400
Color band shows the air pressure (figure 6) when
exiting by the hole. The arrow color indicates the actual It is found that a system [2] can produce 49 watt
value of pressure. The yellow color around the air-exiting more power than the proposed system. But in that
hole shows that the air pressure around the hole is high. The system the calculation procedure and the value that
pressure is used to calculate the power production from the assumed is not clear. Otherwise, the proposed system
fan in the lower part.
performs satisfactorily compared to other systems.
VII. CONCLUSION

Power generation using kinetic is fully eco-friendly

with advantage of not utilizing any external resources. It
will be a new concept for Bangladesh. The proposed system
can generate about 61 KW in a day approximately.
The proposed system still has some limitations in the
efficiency in the lower part turbine. It is possible to increase
efficiency of lower part for getting more power. Reducing
price can be possible by using bidirectional gear setup.

Fig. 7. Simulation for Velocity Calculation

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