HOW TO WRITE A PARAGRAPH:

-TOPIC SENTENCE.
-SUPPORTING SENTENCES.
-CONCLUDING SENTENCE.

1. TOPIC SENTENCE.
-position: usually THE FIRST SENTENCE of the paragraph.
-function: clearly state THE MAIN TOPIC/ THE MAIN IDEA of the paragraph.
-component: TOPIC + CONTROLLING IDEA.

Example:

TOPIC: ONLINE LEARNING.

CONTROLLING IDEA: THE BENEFITS.

=>topic sentence: obviously, online learning has a lot of huge benefits.

QUESTION: WRITE A SHORT PARAGRAPH ABOUT THE ADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGY IN

EDUCATION. (150 words).

-Topic: TECHNOLOGY.
-controlling idea: THE ADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION.

=>topic sentence: OBVIOUSLY, TECHNOLOGY HAS BROUGHT MANY HUGE BENEFITS/

ADVANTAGES FOR EDUCATION.

Q2: WRITE A SHORT PARAGRAPH ABOUT THE DRAWBACKS (NHUOC DIEM) OF ONLINE
SHOPPING.

-Topic: ONLINE SHOPPING.

-controlling idea: THE DRAWBACKS.
=>topic sentence:

Obviously, online shopping has many considerable drawbacks.

*SOME WAYS FOR YOU WRITE A PROPER TOPIC SENTENCE.

-there is a fact that….

Ex: there is a fact that TECHNOLOGY HAS BROUGHT MANY HUGE BENEFITS/ ADVANTAGES
FOR EDUCATION.

-it is obvious/ apparent/ evident/ undoubted/ unquestionable/ clear-cut that…./ it stands

to reason that….
Ex: it is clear-cut that TECHNOLOGY HAS BROUGHT MANY HUGE BENEFITS/ ADVANTAGES
FOR EDUCATION.

Or:

Obviously, apparently, evidently, undoubtedly, unquestionably, ……

Ex: apparently, TECHNOLOGY HAS BROUGHT MANY HUGE BENEFITS/ ADVANTAGES FOR
EDUCATION.

-There is a growing tendency of ….. (co 1 xu huong ngay cang tang cua…) / there is a
great/ dramatic/ significant GROWTH/ DEVELOPMENT of ….. (co 1 su phat trien dang ke
cua….) / there is a growing POPULARITY/PREVALENCE of …. (co 1 su pho bien tang len cua
cai gi…)

Ex: there is a growing popularity of using technology in education because of its huge
benefits.

Popular (a) => popularity (n)

=Prevalent (a) => prevalence (n)
=common (a)

=>popularly-used= commonly-used= prevalently-used.

Ex: obviously, technology is more popularly-used in education because of its huge

benefits.

SOME USEFUL PHRASES:

-today/ in this day and age/ nowadays/ in this modern era: ngay nay

IN THIS DAY AND AGE, technology is more popularly-used in education because of its huge
benefits.
-technology: smart devices, technological devices, technological items, technological stuff,
high-tech devices, digital devices, …

2. SUPPORTING SENTENCES.

(a paragraph: 2-3 supporting ideas).

-LINE 2: THE 1ST MAIN POINT.

Start the first point by a linking word:

First, firstly, first and foremost, initially, to begin with, to start with, in the first place, on the
first hand,….

Ex: Đầu tiên là, việc sử dụng các thiết bị công nghệ cho phép giáo viên và hs có thể tham
gia được các lớp học trực tuyến 1 cách dễ dàng và thuận tiện hơn .

-the application of…/ the use of…./ using….

-join/ participate in…
-online classes.
-easy/ convenient (ADJECTIVES).

=>first and foremost, the application of technological devices allows/ enables teachers and
students to JOIN online classes more easily and conveniently.

-LINE 3: CLARIFY (LAM RO) THE 1ST MAIN POINT.

Start by using a linking word:

it is obvious/ apparent/ evident/ undoubted/ unquestionable/ clear-cut that…./ it stands

to reason that….
Ex: it is clear-cut that ….
Or:

Obviously, apparently, evidently, undoubtedly, unquestionably, ……

Ex: apparently, …..

Ex: rõ ràng là, trước đây mn đều phải đến các lớp học truyền thống để học bởi vì công nghệ
ở những tập kỷ trước không thực sự phát triển. Điều đó rõ ràng là 1 khó khăn đvoi hs sống ở
các khu vực xa xôi. Vì vậy, việc sử dụng các thiết bị công nghệ giúp hs có thể học ở bất cứ
nơi nào mà không cần (without) có mặt ở lớp bất kể những khó khăn về mặt địa lý.

Traditional classes
The last/ previous decades
Develop (v) – developed (a)
Difficulty (n)
Show up (v) co mat.
Regardless of ….. / geographical difficulties (n)
=>apparently, everyone had to go to traditional classes to study since technology in the
previous decades was not really developed/ didn’t really develop. That is obviously a
challenge/ difficulty for students living in remote areas. Therefore, the use of digital devices
helps students study everywhere without showing up in class/ in school regardless of
geographical difficulties.

-LINE 4: state the 2nd main point.

Start the first point by a linking word:

Second, secondly, furthermore, moreover, next, what is more, needless to say, in the second
place, ….

Ex: thứ 2 là, tính hiệu quả và chất lượng giảng dạy cũng được cải thiện đáng kể/ rất nhiều
nhờ vào sự hỗ trợ của các thiết bị công nghệ.

-the quality (n)

-the effectiveness (n)
-teach (v) =>….
-improve/ enhance/ foster/ promote/ advance (v) => be vpp.
-the support (n)

=>secondly, the teaching quality and effectiveness are also SUBSTANTIALLY/

SIGNIFICANTLY improved thanks to THE HELP OF / THE SUPPORT of TECHNOLOGICAL
DEVICES.

Be…greatly/ significantly/ substantially… improved/ enhanced/ fostered/ promoted.

Substantially: very much.

-LINE 5: CLARIFY THE 2ND IDEA.

Start by using a linking word:

 it is obvious/ apparent/ evident/ undoubted/ unquestionable/ clear-cut that…./ it stands
to reason that….
Ex: it is clear-cut that ….
Or:

Obviously, apparently, evidently, undoubtedly, unquestionably, ……

Ex: apparently, …..

rõ ràng là

=>Rõ ràng là, các thiết bị công nghệ tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho giáo viên rất nhiều trong việc
thu hút được sự chú ý của học sinh vào bài giảng. Các tiết học sẽ được giảng (deliver) một
cách có hệ thống và logic hơn voi sự kết hợp của videos, hình ảnh (images), âm thanh (sounds)
nhờ việc sử dụng bảng thông minh (smart boards), màn hình trình chiếu (projectors). Điều này
sẽ có thể khiến học sinh trở nên chú tâm hơn vào bài giảng.

=>OBVIOUSLY, TECHNOLOGICAL DEVICES HAVE FACILIATED TEACHERS A LOT IN GRABBING

STUDENTS’ ATTENTION TO THE LESSON. THE LESSONS WILL BE DELIVERED MORE
SYSTEMATICALLY AND LOGICALLY WITH THE COMBINATION OF VIDEOS, IMAGES AND SOUNDS
THANKS TO THE USE OF SMART BOARDS, AND PROJECTORS. THIS MAKES STUDENTS BECOME
MORE ENGAGED IN THE LESSON.

STUDENT’S RESULT / STUDENTS’ RESULTS.

-Facilitate someone in doing something (v) tao dk thuan loi cho ai do (make something easier
and more convenient for someone).

=>students in mountainous areas are facilitated a lot in studying online.

facilitate TEACHERS IN ….

-Pay attention to something: (v) chú ý đến điều gì…

You need to PAY MORE ATTENTION TO the lesson.

-attract someone’s attention to something (v) = draw someone’s attention TO (v)= grab
someone’s attention TO something (v) thu hút sự chú ý của ai đó.

-Deliver something(v)

[transitive] to give or send information or ideas to somebody

Ex: I’m delivering the lesson to my students.

-system (n) hệ thống => systematic (a) -> systematically (adv)

economic -> economically
-Logic (n) -> logical (a) -> logically (adv)
-combine (v) ->combination (n) sự kết hợp.

-get engaged more in something (v) pay more attention to something.

=>more obviously, technological devices HAVE FACILITATED teachers a lot in DRAWING

STUDENTS’ ATTENTION to the lesson. All lessons will be more WILL BE DELIVERED more
systematically and logically with the combination of videos, images and sounds thanks to the
use of smart boards and projectors. This will make students BECOME MORE ENGAGED IN THE
LESSONS.

FULL:

OBVIOUSLY, TECHNOLOGY HAS BROUGHT MANY HUGE BENEFITS/ ADVANTAGES FOR

EDUCATION. first and foremost, the application of technological devices allows/ enables
teachers and students to JOIN online classes more easily and conveniently. apparently,
everyone had to go to traditional classes to study since technology in the previous decades was
not really developed/ didn’t really develop. That is obviously a challenge/ difficulty for students
living in remote areas. Therefore, the use of digital devices helps students study everywhere
without showing up in class/ in school regardless of geographical difficulties. secondly, the
teaching quality and effectiveness are significantly PROMOTED/ ENHANCED thanks to the
support of technological items. more obviously, technological devices HAVE FACILITATED
teachers a lot in DRAWING STUDENTS’ ATTENTION to the lesson. All lessons will be more WILL
BE DELIVERED more systematically and logically with the combination of videos, images and
sounds thanks to the use of smart boards and projectors. This will make students BECOME
MORE ENGAGED IN THE LESSONS.
 3. CONCLUDING SENTENCE:
In conclusion/ in short/ overall/ in brief/ to briefly recapitulate, all of the above-mentioned/
aforementioned factors ALREADY SHINE LIGHT ON the BENEFITS/ ADVANTAGES/ THE GOOD
POINTS OF TECHNOLOGY TO EDUCATION.

Clarify/ illuminate/ illustrate/ demonstrate/ shed light on/ shine light on/ throw light on
something (v) make something become clearer/ more obvious.