The original DNA structure (double helix) is unwind through the use

of the enzyme Helicase breaking the hydrogen bonds between two

bases of the two nucleotides. New, free/unbound nucleotides are
then form pairs to the old nucleotide bases dependant to which they
are complementary, to be able to have the correct sequence;
Adenine join Thymine, Cytosine join Guanine. DNA polymerase
enzymes join the nucleotides together with strong covalent bonds,
forming a new sugar phosphate backbone. These base pairings are
formed to create two new double helices in semi conservative
replication.

Glycogen is a very branched molecule, forming branches (glucose 1-6

glycosidic bonds) every 10 units, causing it to be very compact.
Because it is very branched, it has many free ends, allowing enzymes
to convert glycogen back into glucose very rapidly. This is important
in animals who may have to move more quickly to escape from a
predator, if this happened, the rate of respiration would increase and
glycogen in the animal’s muscles could be rapidly converted into
glucose to be used in respiration.

Also unlike glucose, glycogen is insoluble. This is because the

hydroxyl groups or within the structure and so it cannot be dissolved,
making it perfect for storage and prevents water from entering the
cell by osmosis. Also as it is a large molecule, it cannot diffuse out of
a cell, making it an ideal molecule for storage.
As hydrogen bonds between chains of cellulose, it eventually forms
fibrils which provide cellulose with high tensile strength. Also
cellulose is insoluble and therefore it does not affect water potential.

Glycogen contains glucose which is used in respiration which can be

used once glycogen is broken down by enzymes. As glycogen is a
polysaccharide, it is a very large molecule, so it is insoluble and
therefore does not affect water potential.
Also, it is a very forms 1-6 glycosidic bonds every 10 units, making it a
very branched molecule, this results in multiple sites for breakdown.
So more glucose can be rapidly broken down. As animals have a
higher metabolic rate, this is useful as they require more glucose at
one time. Also when escaping from predators, they may quicky
require glycogen to be broken down to form glucose to be used in
respiration.