SQL COMMANDS SYNTAX EXAMPLE

Creating the CREATE DATABASE <DATABASENAME> CREATE DATABASE SCHOOL;

database
Open the database USE <DATABASENAME> USE SCHOOL;
Creating the table CREATE TABLE <TABLENAME> CREATE TABLE
(<COLMNNAME1><DATATYPE1><SIZE>, STUDENT(STUID
<COLUMNNAME2><DATATYPE2><SIZE> INT(3),NAME CHAR(30));
Insert the records INSERT INTO <TABLENAME> INSERT INTO STUDENT
into the table VALUES(VALUE1,VALUE2…> VALUES(1,’JOHN’);
INSERT INTO STUDENT
VALUE(2,’NILA’)
Structure of the DESC <TABLE NAME> DESCRIBE STUDENT
table OR OR
DESCRIBE STUDENT DESC STUDENT
Display all the SHOW DATABASES;
databases
Display the tables SHOW TABLES ;
in the particular
database

Delete the database DROP <DATABASNAME> DROP STUDENT

Delete the table DROP TABLE <TABLEAME> DROP TABLE STUDENT

Adding the column ALTER TABLE <TABLENAME> ADD ALTER TABLE STUDENT ADD
in existing table <COLUMNNAME> <DATATYPE>(SIZE) GENDER CHAR(2);
Adding the column ALTER TABLE <TABLENAME> ADD ALTER TABLE STUDENT ADD
with common data (<COLUMNAME><DATATYPE>DEFAULT (MARKS INT(2) DEFAULT
to the existing table DATA) 100);
Rename the ALTER TABLE <TABLENAME> RENAME ALTER TABLE STUDENT
column name (<COLUMNAME><DATATYPE>DEFAULT RENAME CITY TO STATE
DATA)
Modify the data ALTER TABLE <TABLENAME> MODIFY ALTER TABLE STUDENT
type for the (<COLUMNAME><DATATYPE>SIZE) MODIFY CITY CHAR(40);
particular column
Delete a column ALTER TABLE <TABLENAME> DROP ALTER TABLE STUDENT DROP
from the table (<COLUMNAME> CITY;

Display the whole SELECT * FROM <TABLENAME> SELECT * FROM STUDENT;

records
Display the records SELECT * FROM <TABLENAME> WHERE SELECT * FROM STUDENT
according to the CONIDITION WHERE ROLLNO=101;
condition
Display single SELECT <COLUMNNAME> FROM SELECT CITY FROM
column record <TABLENAME> STUDENT;
Display the record SELECT <COLUMNNAME> FROM SELECT NAME FROM STUDENT
in single column <TABLENAME> WHERE CONDITION WHERE ROLLNO=101;
according to the
condition
Eliminate duplicate SELECT DISTINCT <COLUMN NAME>
values FROM <TABLENAME>
USING RELATIONAL OPERATORS(>,<,<=,>=,==,!=/<>/!=)
Applying the SELECT <COLUMNNAME> FROM
relational operators <TABLENAME> WHERE
using where clause <COLUMNNAME><CONDITION>
USING LOGICAL OPERATORS(AND,OR,NOT)
Applying more than SELECT <COLUMNNAME> FROM
one condition using <TABLENAME> WHERE
where clause <COLUMNNAME><CONDITION> AND
<CONDITION>
SELECT <COLUMNNAME> FROM
<TABLENAME> WHERE
<COLUMNNAME><CONDITION> OR
<CONDITION>
SELECT <COLUMNNAME> FROM
<TABLENAME> WHERE
<COLUMNNAME><CONDITION> NOT
<CONDITION>
USING ALIAS NAME
Applying the SELECT <COLUMNNAME> FROM
duplicate table name <TABLENAME> AS <ALIASNAME>
Applying the SELECT <COLUMNNAME> AS
duplicate column <ALIASNAME>FROM <TABLENAME>
name
Including the text SELECT <COLUMNNAME>
message between the ‘TEXTMESSAGE’ <COLUMNNAME> FROM
columns <TABLENAME>
SPECIAL OPERATORS ..BETWEEN ..AND
Apply the between SELECT <COLUMNNAME> FROM
and not between <TABLENAME> WHERE <COLUMNNAME>
BETWEEN <VALUE1> AND <VALUE2>
SELECT <COLUMNNAME> FROM
<TABLENAME> WHERE <COLUMNNAME>
NOT BETWEEN <VALUE1> AND
<VALUE2>
CONDITION BASED ON A LIST – IN AND NOT IN
Apply the in and not SELECT <COLUMNNAME> FROM
in values <TABLENAME> WHERE <COLUMNNAME>
IN <VALUE1>,<VALUE2>…
SELECT <COLUMNNAME> FROM
<TABLENAME> WHERE <COLUMNNAME>
NOT IN <VALUE1>,<VALUE2>…
SELECT DISTINCT(age) FROM
STUDENT;
SELECT MARKS FROM STUDENT
WHERE ROLLNO>100;
SELECT NAME,MARKS FROM
STUDENT WHERE ROLLNO>=100
SELECT NAME FROM STUDENT
WHERE MARKS>=80 AND
GENDER=’M’;
SELECT NAME FROM STUDENT
WHERE MARKS>=80 OR
GENDER=’M’;
SELECT NAME FROM STUDENT
WHERE MARKS>=80 NOT
GENDER=’M’;
SELECT NAME FROM STUDENT AS
STUDENT1;
SELECT NAME AS STUDENTNAME
FROM STUDENT
SELECT ROLLNO,NAME ,‘WAS
BORN ON’,DOB FROM STUDENT;
SELECT ROLLNO,MARKS FROM
STUDENT WHERE MARKS BETWEEN
40 AND 80;
SELECT ROLLNO,MARKS FROM
STUDENT WHERE MARKS NOT
BETWEEN 40 AND 80;
SELECT ROLLNO FROM STUDENT
WHERE CITY IN MUMBAI;
SELECT ROLLNO FROM STUDENT
WHERE CITY NOT IN MUMBAI;
CONDTION BASED ON PATTERN—LIKE(USE WILD CARD CHARACTERS
%-MATCHES ANY STRING UNDERSCORE(_) MATCHES ANYONE CHARACTER
SELECT <COLUMNAME> FROM SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE
The LIKE operator <TABLENAME> WHERE <COLUMNNAME> NAME LIKE “D%”;
is used in LIKE <PATTERN>
SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE
a WHERE clause to
NAME LIKE “%D”;
search for a SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE
specified pattern in NAME LIKE “%D%”;
a column. SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE
NAME LIKE “_D%”;
There are two
wildcards often
used in conjunction
with
the LIKE operator:

 The percent
sign (%)
represents
zero, one, or
multiple
characters
 The
underscore
sign (_)
represents
one, single
character