Key Points:

1. Arduino:-
Arduino is a microcontroller board, it contains the CPU, RAM, and ROM on the chip. The
additional devices on the Arduino Board are to connect the power supply and to connect
input/output devices with the board.
🡪Most of Arduino consists of digital and analog pins.

2. Pin configuration of Arduino Nano

:-It has different types of analog and digital pins

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3. Serial Monitor:-
The Serial Monitor provides a way to send/receive information to/from your Arduino code
The Serial Monitor will automatically attach to the hardware serial port and detect the baud
rate, so it'll work out of the box without any special configuration.
The serial monitor will only show once you print some output from your program.

4. Working principle of LED :-( light emitting diode)

On passing a current through the diode, minority charge carriers and majority charge carriers
recombine at the junction. On recombination, energy is released in the form of photons.
Or
It receives electrical energy and converts into light energy.

5. Artificial intelligence:-
Artificial intelligence (AI), the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlLED robot
to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.
Or
AI uses computers and machines to mimic (copy) the problem solving
and the decision making capabilities of human beings.
Example-Alexa and apple’s Siri.

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6. Robotics:-
Robotics is a branch of engineering and computer science that involves the conception,
design, manufacture and operation of robots.
Robots makes human life easy in many ways-
● Robotics technology helps us to map and monitor hazardous areas.
● Robotics technology assists in disaster relief and search and rescue missions.
● It can be used to create safe spaces for humans to work in dangerous
environments.
● Robotics technology helps us to remotely handle and diffuse dangerous situations.

7. RGB function:-

An RGB colour value specifies the relative intensity of red, green, and blue to
cause a specific colour to be displayed.

🡪The value for any argument to RGB that exceeds 255 is assumed to be 255.

An RGB LED has 4 pins, one for each colour (Red, Green, Blue) and a common cathode.

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8. IR sensor and working:-

An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the movement or motion.

9. Ultrasonic sensor:-

It is an instrument which measures the distance to an object by using ultrasonic waves.

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10. Line following Robot:-

The line follower robot is a mobile machine that can detect and follow the line drawn on the
floor. Generally, the path is predefined and can be either visible like a black line on a white
surface

Sensor used in the line following robot-: IR sensor

11. Steps to make series connection circuit:-

● All components share the same current.

● resistances add to equal a larger
● total resistance

12. Dimensions of rectangle:-

A rectangle has two dimensions: we can measure its length and, perpendicular to that, its
width.

13. Define RGB LED:-

▪ RGB LED is a combination of three LEDs in just one package: red, green and blue;

🡪How RGB LED different from LED:

● RGB refers to a colour model consisting of Red, Green, and blue while normal LED
provide only one colour.

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