Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy and

Physiology, 3rd Edition: Donald C. Rizzo

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Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 3rd Edition: Donald C. Rizzo

CHAPTER 9—THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

TRUE/FALSE

1. When the inside of a cell is negatively charged while the outside of the cell is positively charged
electrically, it is known as resting potential.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NOT: When the inside of a cell is negatively charged while the outside of the cell is positively
charged, it is known as resting potential.

2. Calcium ions have a greater concentration inside the resting muscle cell.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NOT: Calcium ions have a greater concentration inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

3. The source of energy for muscle contraction is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NOT: The source of energy for muscle contraction is ATP molecules.

4. Muscles make up about 10% of a person’s body weight.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NOT: Muscles make up about 40 to 50% of a person’s body weight.

5. When the contraction of a skeletal muscle is studied in the laboratory by applying an electrical charge
to the muscle, the contraction is called a muscle twitch.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NOT: When the contraction of a skeletal muscle is studied in the laboratory by applying an electrical
charge to the muscle, the contraction is called a muscle twitch.

6. The “all-or-none law” means that a muscle contraction either occurs or it does not.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NOT: The “all-or-none law” means that a muscle contraction either occurs or it does not.

7. Muscles that bend a limb at a joint are called flexors.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NOT: Muscles that bend a limb at a joint are called flexors.

8. The quadriceps femoris muscle consists of two parts that extend the foot.

ANS: F PTS: 1 NOT: The quadriceps femoris muscle extends the knee.

9. Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles.

ANS: T PTS: 1 NOT: Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles.

10. All of the muscle cells or fibers innervated by the same motor neuron are called a motor unit.

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 ANS: T PTS: 1
NOT: All of the muscle cells or fibers innervated by the same motor neuron are called a motor unit.

11. Muscles can be named according to their action, shape, origin and insertion, location, or the direction
of their fibers.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NOT: Muscles can be named according to their action, shape, origin and insertion, location, or the
direction of their fibers.

12. Rotator muscles revolve a limb around an axis.

ANS: T PTS: 1 NOT: Rotator muscles revolve a limb around an axis.

13. During muscle contraction, the width of the Z lines remains constant.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NOT: During muscle contraction, the width of the A band remains constant while the Z lines move
closer together.

14. Phosphocreatine is found only in muscle and provides a slow, sustained source of high energy for
muscle contraction.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NOT: Phosphocreatine is found only in muscle and provides a rapid source of high-energy ATP for
muscle contraction.

15. Mature skeletal or striated muscle cells are the longest and most slender muscle fibers.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NOT: Mature skeletal or striated muscle cells are the longest and most slender muscle fibers.

16. The light bands are made of the thin filaments of the protein actin.

ANS: T PTS: 1
NOT: The light bands are made of the thin filaments of the protein actin.

17. The muscles that move the eyes insert on bone.

ANS: F PTS: 1
NOT: The muscles that move the eyes insert on the eyeball.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Inflammation of a tendon is known as ____.

a. myositis c. tendinitis
b. bursitis d. fasciculitis
ANS: C

Feedback
A Myositis is an inflammation of a muscle.
 B Bursitis is an inflammation of a bursa.
C Tendinitis is an inflammation of a tendon.
D This is not a correct answer.

PTS: 1

2. The rapid, uncontrolled contraction of individual cells in the heart, resulting in the heart’s inability to
pump blood properly, is known as ____.
a. fibrillation c. endocarditis
b. myalgia d. muscle twitch
ANS: A

Feedback
A Fibrillation is a rapid, uncontrolled contraction of individual cells in the heart, resulting
in the heart’s inability to pump blood properly.
B Myalgia is muscle pain.
C Endocarditis is an inflammation of the endocardium of the heart.
D Muscle twitch is a muscle contraction.

PTS: 1

3. An increase in the bulk of muscle cells that occurs as a result of exercise is known as ____.
a. tone c. flexion
b. hypotrophy d. hypertrophy
ANS: D

Feedback
A Tone is a property of muscle whereby a steady or constant state of partial contraction is
maintained in a muscle.
B This is not a correct answer.
C Flexion is the bending or decreasing the angle between bones.
D Hypertrophy is an increase in the bulk of muscle cells that occurs as a result of exercise.

PTS: 1

4. Spastic and painful contractions of muscles that occur because of an irritation within the muscles are
known as ____.
a. contractures c. fibrillation
b. cramps d. myositis
ANS: B

Feedback
A A contracture is a condition in which a muscle shortens its length in the resting state.
B Cramps are spastic and painful contractions of muscles that occur because of an
irritation within the muscles.
C Fibrillation is a rapid, uncontrolled contraction of individual cells in the heart, resulting
in the heart’s inability to pump blood properly.
D Myositis is an inflammation of a muscle.

PTS: 1
5. A decrease in muscle bulk, or a “wasting away of the muscle,” due to a lack of exercise is called ____.
a. atrophy c. dystrophy
b. hypertrophy d. contracture
ANS: A

Feedback
A Atrophy is a decrease in muscle bulk, or a “wasting away of the muscle,” due to a lack
of exercise.
B Hypertrophy is an increase in the bulk of muscle cells that occurs as a result of exercise.
C Muscular dystrophy is an inherited muscular disorder in which muscle tissue
degenerates over time.
D A contracture is a conditon in which a muscle shortens its length in the resting state.

PTS: 1

6. An inherited muscular disorder in which the muscle tissue degenerates over time, resulting in complete
helplessness, is known as ____.
a. myasthenia gravis c. bursitis
b. tendinitis d. muscular dystrophy
ANS: D

Feedback
A Myasthenia gravis is characterized by easy tiring of the muscles or muscle weakness.
B Tendinitis is an inflammation of a tendon.
C Bursitis is an inflammation of a bursa.
D Muscular dystrophy is an inherited muscular disorder in which the muscle tissue
degenerates over time.

PTS: 1

7. A condition in which a muscle shortens its length in the resting state and remains that way is known as
____.
a. contracture c. hypertrophy
b. atrophy d. spasm
ANS: A

Feedback
A A contracture is a condition in which a muscle shortens its length in the resting state and
remains that way.
B Atrophy is a decrease in muscle bulk, or a “wasting away of the muscle,” due to a lack
of exercise.
C Hypertrophy is an increase in the bulk of muscle cells that occurs as a result of exercise.
D A spasm is a sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle.

PTS: 1

8. Another name for chewing is ____.

a. deglutition c. psoas
b. mastication d. myalgia
ANS: B
 Feedback
A Deglutition is swallowing.
B Mastication is chewing.
C This is not a correct answer.
D Myalgia is muscle pain.

PTS: 1

9. Smooth and cardiac muscle is under the control of the ____.

a. autonomic nervous system c. circulatory system
b. central nervous system d. skeletal system
ANS: A

Feedback
A Smooth and cardiac muscle is under the control of the autonomic nervous system.
B This is not a correct answer.
C This is not a correct answer.
D This is not a correct answer.

PTS: 1

10. Muscles that assist the prime mover muscles in performing movement are called ____.
a. progenitors c. antagonists
b. synergists d. agonists
ANS: B

Feedback
A A progenitor is a precursor.
B Synergists assist the prime movers.
C Antagonists are muscles that relax while the agonist contracts.
D Agonists are the prime movers.

PTS: 1

11. Another name for muscle pain is ____.

a. chondralgia c. myalgia
b. fibralgia d. myositis
ANS: C

Feedback
A Chondralgia is cartilage pain.
B Fibralgia is not a correct answer.
C Myalgia is muscle pain.
D Myositis is an inflammation of muscle.

PTS: 1

12. Inflammation of muscular tissue is known as ____.

a. myositis c. tendinitis
b. bursitis d. fasciculitis
 ANS: A

Feedback
A Myositis is an inflammation of muscular tissue.
B Bursitis is an inflammation of the bursa.
C Tendinitis is an inflammation of the tendon.
D This is not a correct answer.

PTS: 1

13. Another name for a wide, flat tendon is a(n) ____.

a. aponeurosis c. interossei
b. fibril d. epimysium
ANS: A

Feedback
A An aponeurosis is a wide, flat tendon.
B A fibril is a small component of the muscle tissue.
C Interossei are muscles found between the metacarpals.
D Epimysium is connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle.

PTS: 1

14. The more fixed attachment of a muscle that serves as a basis for the action is the ____.
a. insertion c. motor unit
b. origin d. frontalis
ANS: B

Feedback
A The insertion is the moveable attachment where the effects of the contraction are seen.
B The origin is the more fixed attachment of a muscle that serves as a basis for the action.
C The motor unit is all of the muscle fibers innervated by one motor neuron.
D The frontalis is the muscle that raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the skin of the
forehead.

PTS: 1

15. A condition usually beginning with the facial muscles and characterized by the easy tiring of muscles
or muscle weakness is known as ____.
a. muscular dystrophy c. myasthenia gravis
b. fibromyalgia d. facial atrophy
ANS: C

Feedback
A Muscular dystrophy is an inherited muscular disorder in which the muscle tissue
degenerates over time.
B This is not a correct answer.
C Myasthenia gravis is characterized by easily tiring the muscles or muscle weakness.
D This is not a correct answer.
 PTS: 1

16. The muscle that raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the skin of the forehead is the ____.
a. occipitalis c. orbicularis oris
b. frontalis d. zygomaticus
ANS: B

Feedback
A The occipitalis muscle draws the scalp backward.
B The frontalis muscle raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the skin of the forehead.
C The orbicularis oris muscle closes the lips.
D The zygomaticus are muscles involved in smiling and laughing.

PTS: 1

17. The muscle that compresses the cheeks is the ____.

a. zygomaticus c. buccinator
b. mentalis d. occipitalis
ANS: C

Feedback
A The zygomaticus are muscles involve in smiling and laughing.
B The mentalis muscle protrudes the lower lip and wrinkles the skin.
C The buccinator muscle compresses the cheeks.
D The occipitalis muscle draws the scalp backward.

PTS: 1

18. The muscle that closes the jaw is the ____.

a. masseter c. rhomboid major
b. inferior rectus d. teres minor
ANS: A

Feedback
A The masseter muscle closes the jaw.
B The inferior rectus muscle lowers the eye.
C The rhomboid major muscle moves the scapulae.
D The teres minor muscle adducts and rotates the arm.

PTS: 1

19. The muscle that raises the eye is the ____.

a. trapezius c. rhomboid major
b. lateral pterygoid d. superior rectus
ANS: D

Feedback
A The trapezius muscle moves the scapulae.
B The lateral pterygoid muscle assists the masseter in closing the jaw.
C The rhomboid major muscle moves the scapulae.
 D The superior rectus muscle raises the eye.

PTS: 1

20. The muscle that abducts the arm and is also the muscle that receives injections that are given in the
arm is the ____.
a. teres minor c. pectoralis major
b. latissimus dorsi d. deltoid
ANS: D

Feedback
A The teres minor muscle adducts and rotates the arm.
B The latissimus dorsi muscle extends, adducts, and rotates the arm medially.
C The pectoralis major muscle flexes and adducts the arm.
D The deltoid muscle abducts the arm and is also the muscle that receives injections that
are given in the arm.

PTS: 1

21. The muscle responsible for moving the hand so that the palm is facing upward is the ____.
a. pronator quadratus c. flexor digitorum
b. supinator d. interossei
ANS: B

Feedback
A The pronator quadratus muscle pronates the hand.
B The supinator muscle supinates the hand so that the palm is facing upward.
C The flexor digitorum muscle flexes the fingers.
D The interossei muscles produce abduction of the proximal phalanges of the fingers.

PTS: 1

22. The muscles, found between the metacarpals, that cause abduction of the proximal phalanges of the
fingers are the ____.
a. interossei c. pronator teres
b. flexor pollicis d. extensor indicis
ANS: A

Feedback
A The interossei muscles produce abducation of the proximal phalanges of the fingers.
B The flexor pollicis muscle flexes the thumb.
C The pronator teres muscle pronates the hand.
D The extensor indicis muscle extends the index finger and assists wrist extension.

PTS: 1

23. The main muscle used in breathing is the ____.

a. trapezius c. diaphragm
b. rectus abdominis d. buccinator
ANS: C
 Feedback
A The trapezius muscle moves the scapulae.
B The rectus abdominis muscle is developed when we do sit-ups and try to tighten the
abdominal wall.
C The diaphragm muscle is the main muscle used in breathing.
D The buccinator muscle compresses the cheeks.

PTS: 1

24. The muscle that is developed when we do sit-ups and try to tighten the abdominal wall is the ____.
a. latissimus dorsi c. quadratus lumborum
b. rectus abdominis d. external intercostals
ANS: B

Feedback
A The latissimus dorsi muscle extends, adducts, and rotates the arm medially.
B The rectus abdominis muscle is developed when we do sit-ups and try to tighten the
abdominal wall.
C The quadratus lumborum is the fleshy muscle forming the posterior part of the
abdominal wall.
D The external intercostal muscles elevate the ribs when we breathe.

PTS: 1

25. The neurotransmitter released by the neuromuscular junction is ____.

a. epinephrine c. norepinephrine
b. dopamine d. acetylcholine
ANS: D

Feedback
A This is not a correct answer.
B This is not a correct answer.
C This is not a correct answer.
D The nerve impulse triggers the nerve axon terminal to release a neurotransmitter
substance called acetylcholine.

PTS: 1

26. During muscle contraction, calcium attaches to which of the following?

a. actin c. myosin
b. tropomyosin d. troponin
ANS: D

Feedback
A Actin makes up the thin filament of the muscle fiber, and the myosin head binds to an
actin binding site.
B Tropomyosin is a regulatory protein that covers the actin binding site.
C Myosin makes up the thick filament of the muscle fiber, and the myosin head binds to
an actin binding site.
D Troponin binds to calcium and, when bound, the calcium-troponin complex causes
 tropomyosin to move and uncover the actin binding site.

PTS: 1

27. Two muscles extend the arm: the triceps brachii and the ____.
a. rhomboid minor c. anconeus
b. serratus anterior d. trapezius
ANS: C

Feedback
A The rhomboid minor elevates and retracts the scapula.
B The serratus anterior moves the scapula forward.
C Two muscles extend the arm: the triceps brachii and the anconeus.
D The trapezius draws the head to one side.

PTS: 1

28. The quadriceps muscle consists of ____ parts.

a. two c. four
b. three d. five
ANS: C

Feedback
A This is not a correct answer.
B This is not a correct answer.
C The quadriceps muscle consists of four parts.
D This is not a correct answer.

PTS: 1

COMPLETION

1. ____________________ is a property of muscle whereby a steady or constant state of partial

contraction is maintained in a muscle.

ANS: Tone

PTS: 1

2. The ____________________ is the main muscle involved in breathing.

ANS: diaphragm

PTS: 1

3. The ____________________ is the major muscle that forms the buttocks.

ANS: gluteus maximus

PTS: 1
 4. In performing any given movement, such as bending the leg at the knee joint, the muscles performing
the actual movement are called the prime movers or ____________________.

ANS: agonists

PTS: 1

5. The muscle of the buttocks where injections are administered, above and lateral to the gluteus
maximus, is known as the ____________________.

ANS: gluteus medius

PTS: 1

6. The calf muscle is also known as the ____________________ muscle.

ANS: gastrocnemius

PTS: 1

7. The soleus muscle ____________________ flexes the foot.

ANS: plantar

PTS: 1

8. The type of muscle found in hollow structures such as the intestines, arteries, veins, and the bladder is
____________________ muscle.

ANS: smooth

PTS: 1

9. ____________________ muscle is found only in the heart and is controlled by the autonomic nervous
system.

ANS: Cardiac

PTS: 1

10. ____________________ attach muscle to bone.

ANS: Tendons

PTS: 1

11. The main muscle that moves the head is the _________________________.

ANS: sternocleidomastoid

PTS: 1

12. Muscles that lower a part of the body are depressors, while muscles that raise a part of the body are
known as ____________________.
 ANS: levators

PTS: 1

13. The muscle action potential is able to pass into the muscle via the T- ____________________.

ANS: tubules

PTS: 1

14. A tendon that is wide and flat is called a(n) ____________________.

ANS: aponeurosis

PTS: 1

15. A bundle of muscle fibers is called a(n) ____________________.

ANS: fascicle

PTS: 1

16. Dark bands of the muscle fibers are made up of thick filaments of the protein
____________________.

ANS: myosin

PTS: 1

17. The cell membrane of the muscle cell (fiber) is called the ____________________.

ANS: sarcolemma

PTS: 1

MATCHING

Match each statement with the correct item below.

a. compresses the cheek
b. closes the jaw
c. draws the head to one side; rotates the scapula
d. rolls eyeball laterally
e. raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the skin of the forehead
1. frontalis
2. buccinator
3. masseter
4. lateral rectus
5. trapezius

1. ANS: E PTS: 1
2. ANS: A PTS: 1
 3. ANS: B PTS: 1
4. ANS: D PTS: 1
5. ANS: C PTS: 1

Match each statement with the correct item below.

a. flexes and rotates the thigh medially
b. increases the vertical diameter of the thorax
c. flexes and opposes thumb
d. extends the finger
e. abducts the arm
6. deltoid
7. opponens pollicis
8. extensor digitorum communis
9. diaphragm
10. iliacus

6. ANS: E PTS: 1
7. ANS: C PTS: 1
8. ANS: D PTS: 1
9. ANS: B PTS: 1
10. ANS: A PTS: 1

Match each statement with the correct item below.

a. flexes the forearm d. flexes the thumb
b. flexes and adducts the wrist e. flexes the terminal phalanx of the hand
c. flexes the arm and supinates the hand
11. biceps brachii
12. flexor pollicis brevis
13. brachialis
14. flexor carpi ulnaris
15. flexor digitorum profundus

11. ANS: C PTS: 1

12. ANS: D PTS: 1
13. ANS: A PTS: 1
14. ANS: B PTS: 1
15. ANS: E PTS: 1

Match each statement with the correct item below.

a. caused by the rapid vibration of the uvula and soft palate
b. also called lockjaw
c. occurs after death when muscles cannot contract
d. now rare because of Salk and Sabin vaccines
e. inflammation of the connective tissue that is part of the arches of the foot
16. rigor mortis
17. snoring
18. tetanus
19. polio
20. plantar fasciitis
Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 3rd Edition: Donald C. Rizzo

16. ANS: C PTS: 1

17. ANS: A PTS: 1
18. ANS: B PTS: 1
19. ANS: D PTS: 1
20. ANS: E PTS: 1

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