‫اﺳﺘﺒﺮق ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﻣﺤﻴﺴﻦ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬:‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎرا وﻋﺪ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ‬

‫رﺣﻤﺎن ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﺣﻄﺎب‬
‫رﻳﺎض ﺣﻤﻮدي ﺧﻀﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻏﻨ‬
‫ﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻻﻧ‬:‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
‫أ‬:‫اﻟﺸﻌﺒﺔ‬

Two types:-1
Active: Agent involved in an action
Passive: action resulting or affecting something .
2-false/and the word order.
3- Aux is finite part why:
it carries the tense / carries the aspect
Past participle is the non-finite part because it Conveys the lexical meaning.
4- The house haven't been cleaned for weeks.
- Anew supermarket is being opened next week.
- the car is being servicing by the garage .
- her new book is being published next month.
- he have been arrested by The police on suspicion of murder.
- She has been found by someone.
- the work has been finished by the end of 1997.
- the factory will be closed.
- an important subjects are being discused at lunchtime .
- The matter is being considered.
- The strike will be end by effort.
- the house must be cleaned .
-He was told about that yesterday .
- When this mistake was been made?
- How often you'r been asked by your teacher?

5-agentive,agentless.
6-The dog is trained
The sentence may have two interpretations:
They trained the dog
An existing state of the doge, it knows how to behave.
7-has not passive correspondence
because it means they are no longer available..rare books is the agent.
8-agentive , Passive with ‘get’.
9-get:Instead of ‘be’ a minor type of passive is with ‘get’
• In informal style
• the agent is not mentioned The student got confused
The wall is getting painted white
which is similar to English with ‘get’. Found in Newspaper ‫ ﺣﻢ‬Another passive is realised by using:‫ﺛﻢ‬
and media
‫ اﻧﻤﺬﻳﯩﺖ‬‫ ﻳﺨﻢ ﺑﯩﺎ ﺟﺴﺰ اﺧﺰ ﻓ‬‫ﻊ اﻧﻤﺎﺿ‬‫ اﻻﺳﺒ‬‫ﺣﻢ ﻋﻘﺬ اﺟﺨﻤﺎع اﺧﺰ ﻓ‬
The passive is used when the Agent is not known or irrelevant.-10 ‫ﺳﻴﺨﻢ اﻃﻼق ﺳﺰاح اﻧﺴﺠﯩﺎء اﻧﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﻴﻪ‬
11-A: uncertainty principle
 B:Werner Heisenberg
12-Ali is accompanied by his two dogs wherever he goes
The two dogs accompany Ali wherever he goes.
13-Verb / (Agent) Subject/ (goal) object.
14-When the subject of the active sentence is not known or not mentioned for some reason.
15-false
‫ﺗُﻔﻌﻞ‬-16
‫ ﺑﻮﺷﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺮ‬، ‫ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ‬-17
acting subject.-18
‫ﺗﻘﻄﻌﺖ اﻻرﺣﺎم‬-19
‫ﺗﺒﺴﻢ‬-20
passed away ‫ﺗﻮﻓ‬-21
‫ﻞ‬‫ﺗﻔﻌ‬،‫اﻓﺘﻌﻞ‬، ‫اﻧﻔﻌﻞ‬-22
true-23
24-Because the agent has to be mentioned .
25-b
26-If the agent has to be mentioned then the active is used following the passive form..In A the focus
‫ اﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‬is on the process/ in B the focus is on
However it is not . ’‫ ‘ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬When to mention the agent in the passive form , it is preceded by-27
preferred in formal style/ the active is more preferred.
.28-Found in Newspaper and media