TOPIC:

TYPES OF LISTENING

 LISTENING
 COMPREHENSIVE/ACTIVE
-the process of receiving, constructing
LISTENING
meaning from, and responding to a spoken
-Listening to understand the message of a
and/ or non-verbal message (International
speaker, as when we attend a classroom
Reading Association)
lecture or listen to directions for finding a
friend’s house
TYPES OF LISTENING
•Appreciative Listening
 CRITICAL/ANALYTICAL
•Emphatic Listening
LISTENING
•Comprehensive/Active Listening
•Critical/ Analytical Listening -listening to evaluate a message for purposes
of accepting or rejecting it, as when we listen
to the sales pitch of a used-car dealer or the
 APPRECIATIVE LISTENING
campaign speech of a political candidate
-listening for pleasure and enjoyment, as
-focuses on evaluating whether a message is
when we listen to music, to a comedy routine,
logical and reasonable
or to an entertaining speech.

 EMPHATIC LISTENING Steps in Active Listening

-listening to provide emotional support for the  listening carefully by using all available

speaker, as when a psychiatrist listens to a senses

patient or when we lend a sympathetic ear to  paraphrasing what is heard both mentally

a friend. and verbally

-here is an attempt to understand what the  checking your understanding to ensure

other person is feeling accuracy

 providing feedback
TOPIC:
BASIC SENTNCE PATTERN

ELEMENTS OF A SENTENCE  Subject –Linking Verb –Subject

•Subject- doer of the action/ topic of the Complement

sentence -A predicate nominative or a predicate noun
•Predicate- states something about the subject completes a linking verb and renames the
•Direct Object- receives the action done by subject.
the subject Ex: Whales and sharks are mammals.
•Indirect Object- precedes the direct object  Subject –Linking Verb –Subject
and tells to whom or for whom the action of
Complement
the verb is done and who is receiving the
-A predicate adjective follows a linking verb
direct object
and describes the subject.
Ex: His behavior has been outrageous.
BASIC SENTENCE PATTERN
 Subject-Transitive Verb-Direct
 Subject –Intransitive Verb
Object-Object Complement
-An intransitive verb is a verb without a direct
-An object complement is a noun, pronoun, or
object.
adjective which follows a direct object and
Ex: Maria cooperated voluntarily.
renames it or tells what the direct object has
(Maria is the subject.)
become.
(Cooperated is the intransitive verb)
Ex: Cathy cut her hair short.
 Subject-Transitive Verb-Indirect
 Subject-Transitive Verb-Direct
Object-Direct Object
Object
Ex: Mom will paint Gabriel a picture.
-A transitive verb is a verb that requires both
a subject and a direct object.
Ex: Mikko reads the dictionary for pleasure.
TOPIC: Imperative Mood
MOODS OF THE VERB Direct command or request

TYPES OF MOOD Show me the money.

 Indicative Now give me the money.
 Imperative Don’t call the police.
 Subjunctive
Write one sentence in IMPERATIVE mood.
What is mood?
LIFE DEFINITION Subjunctive Mood
How you are feeling at a given time PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE:
To express a suggestion, a necessity, or an
LITERATURE DEFINITION indirect command/order
The reader’s emotional response
The atmosphere of a story PAST SUBJUNCTIVE:
To express an untrue condition, or a wish or
Tense, Voice, Mood desire.
TENSE – shows time (past, present, future)
VOICE – shows who’s doing an action or What does the subjunctive mood look like?
having action done to them Common verbs:
MOOD – shows attitude (telling a fact, giving
a command, expressing a wish) ask, demand, determine, insist, move,
Indicative Mood order, pray, prefer, recommend, regret,
Express a fact, opinion, or question request, require, suggest, and wish.

It is 84 degrees in here.
I think I am going to pass out.
Can we please turn the heat down?

Write one sentence in indicative mood.

What does the subjunctive mood look like?
Present Subjunctive:

The teacher recommended that I be in her

class.
I recommend that you be on time the rest of
the year.
The judge suggested that we be given first
prize.

Present subjunctive cntd.

 I demand that he do the assignment.
 Her mom insisted that she not play
tomorrow night.
 I insist that Michael come early.
 I strongly suggest that he cooperate with
the police.

PAST SUBJUNCTIVE

wish you were in my English class.

I wish Mr. McGowan weren’t so awesome.
If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.

Write one sentence in PRESENT

SUBJUNCTIVE, and one sentence in PAST
SUBJUNCTIVE.
TOPIC:
SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT
1. Subjects and verbs must agree in number.
-Singular subject = singular verb
-Plural subject = plural verb
-Cow= singular, eats= singular
-Ducks= plural, quack= plural
-*Hint*= SVS- singular verbs have an S
-Singular yes?- the verb has an “S”!
-Singular no? The “S” has to go!
2. Don’t get confused by the words that come
between the subject and verb.
The detective who was called to the case is
usually very good.
3. Prepositional phrases between the subject
and verb usually do not affect the agreement.
The biker in this race is very competitive.
The bikers in this race are very competitive.
4. If a sentence starts with “there” or “ here”,
the subject will always be placed after the
verb.
There is a meeting today.
Here are the results from this past month.
5. Subjects can come after the verb in
questions.
Does Betty always play with dolls?
How are the Bosco sticks today?
6. If two subjects are joined by “and”, they
typically require a plural verb.
The puppy and the lady are friends.
7. If two subjects are separated by “and” refer
to the same thing, the verb is singular.
Spaghetti and meatballs is my favorite pasta
dish.
8. If both subjects are singular and connected
by or, nor, neither/nor, either/or and not
only/but also, the verb is singular.
Sally or Bubba has stolen the scarecrow.
Not only the guitar player but also the
drummer was soaked with sweat.
9. If both subjects are plural and connected
by the words or, nor, neither/nor, either/or,
and not only/but also, the verb is plural.
Cookies or brownies are nice treats for your
teacher.
10. If one subject is singular and one plural
and are connected by the words or, nor,
neither/nor, either/or, and not only/but also,
use the subject that is nearest the verb.
Either my sisters or my mom has sent me a
present.
Not only Bob but also the Smiths want some
hamburgers for supper.
Dancing is not something everyone can do as
well as I can!
16. If the words each, every or no come
before the subject, the verb is singular.
Each boy and girl has to take the test.
17. Most indefinite pronouns take singular
verbs.

11. Units of measurement usually use a      body

singular verb. somebody
Six gallons of paint was used on the house.
anybody
12. Collective nouns usually take a singular
nobody
verb.
The class was ready for the test. everybody

13. Titles of books, movies, novels, etc. are

treated as singular.       one
Holes was one of my favorite books.I want to someone
see the movie.
anyone
14. Two infinitives separated by and take a
No one
plural verb.
To run and to read are my two favorite “Free- everyone
time” activities.
    thing
15. Gerunds alone take a singular verb. something
Gerunds linked by and take a plural verb.
 anything
nothing
everything

Little One * Everybody is

happy.
Another Neither * No one has a dime.
Much Either * Nothing was going
to help.
Each

18. Both, few, many, others, and several take

a plural verb.
Several need to finish the race.

19. When the subject is all, any, more, most,

none, or some, this is the ONLY time you
must look at the object of the prepositional
phrase to determine whether it is singular or
plural.

All of the chickens have laid eggs.

20.Final rule- Remember, only the SUBJECT

affects the verb!