INTELLECTUAL

REVOLUTIONS
Module 3
 A scientific paradigm is
basically a framework containing all of
the commonly accepted views about a
subject, structure of what direction
research should take and how it should
be performed. Paradigm shifts are
sudden leaps from one paradigm to
another.
 Scientific Revolution refers to historical
changes in thought & belief, to changes in
social & institutional organization that in
Europe roughly from 1550 – 1700
(Hatch,2002). It was a period of great
advances in science after an era of “darkness”
or intellectual dormancy brought about by the
fall of the Roman Empire. It was an age that
witnessed a series of paradigm shifts which
opened new doors to remarkable scientific
exploits of the century.
• Is an important change that happens
when the usual way of thinking
about on doing something is
replaced by a new and different way.

• A time when the usual and accepted

way of doing on thinking about
something change completely.
Copernican Revolution : a paradigm shift of the
worldview from “geocentric” (where earth is the center of
the universe) to “heliocentric”(where the sun is the center
of the universe).

Nicholas Copernicus
 One Of The Renaissance Men, Particularly In
The Field Of Science Who Was Strongly
Influenced By A Book Entitled , Published
In 1496 By A German Author, Johannes Mueller.
This Book Contains Mueller’s Observations Of
The Heavens.
 The Publication Of His Book De Revolutionibus
Orbium Coelestium (On The Revolution Of
Heavenly Spheres) In 1543 Is Often Cited As
The Start Of The Scientific Revolution.
Newtonian Revolution : proposed the Law of
Universal Gravitation
: published his influential book, Philosophiae
Naturalis Principia Mathematica
(Mathematical Principles of Natural
Philosophy) better known as Principia
: marked the beginning of modern science.
Other known revolutionists

Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)

: accepted the Copernican Model
& formulated the Three Laws
of Planetary Motion
 Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) :
studied physics, specifically the
laws of gravity & motion and
invented the telescope &
microscope.
: the most successful scientist
of the Scientific Revolution

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 Rene Descartes (1596-1650) : the
inventor of deductive reasoning and
was one of the greatest minds of the
Scientific revolution.
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Other known revolutionists

Francis Bacon :
formalized the concept
of scientific method in
1621.
 Charles Darwin (1809-
1882) : formulated the theory of
evolution by natural selection in
his book The Origin of Species
in 1869.

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Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
: a Viennese neuropathologist
who was the father of
psychoanalysis, a method for
treating mental illness and also
a theory that explains human
behavior.

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THANKS!
Any
questions?

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