NLSI Lui Kwok Pat Fong College

F.4 Mathematics Name: ___________________

Ch. 7 Exponential Functions Class: 4 Class No: ( )

Quick Review
Laws of Integral Indices
Integer

Ex. 1
(2 p 1q 0 ) 3
Simplify and express the answer with positive indices.
( p 4 q 2 )4

梁
2
⽚竿 礼
fn
⼆
4 ⼆
8

1 umgetiin
Ex. 2
2 the common
If n is an integer, simplify
favor
(a)
27
92 n
5n
81n
a
器8in 器 ci ⼆

54 n 1
252 n 1

jun
(b)
2 54 n ⼆

b 54
等
芸 ⼆ 34
15n 4n

315n
5
竺譽
54
芝 1

⼆ 年主
 ˇ
15 i 8 i 9
⼆ 九⼆ 3 or 3
(7.1) Rational Indices
⾄
(7.1.1) n th root of a number cube root of8 Square rootof9
If xn a , where n is a positive integer,
then x is called an n th root of a .

For example, 32 9 and ( 3)2 9 , and thus 3 and 3 are 2nd roots of 9. If
x3 a , a is called a cube root of a or a 3rd root of a .

Examples: EE i 8T
x3 27 root of27 ⼗比
x 2 16 3 orz
x zfgbe x
tho or x
To x2 re
25

4
i f
x3 8 x 2 256 x2 36
x
污 x
垢 or x
To no red root
2 16 16

(7.1.2) Laws of rational indices

When a 0 , m is an integer and n

is a natural number,
1
⼆
i 9
1. a n n
a sifq
2. a n
1
n
am ( n a )m
i
i 27
fxfi 2

i
 Ex. 1
Evaluate the following expressions.

6
4
(a) 1296 ⼆

(b) 3243 ⼆ 5832

1
27
(c) 3
125
⼆
号

Ex. 2
If a 0 , simplify the following expressions, and express the answers with
positive indices.

1
ǎxa 5
2 3
d 3
a4 4
(a) ( a 3 ) 6
(b) a 5
a 2
(c)
計经 a3
4
古 ⼆
a
a
at ā 尚武
千
⼆
Ì
⼆
每
⼆
笑到 年 ⼀
⼆
a
4⼀
到
Ex. 3 ⼆
If a , b and c are positive, simplify the following expressions, and express
ciiz ci ⼆⿒
the answers with positive indices.

(a) 5
a 4b 7 a3b
⼒
(b)
3
c 4 c2 c

器
1
⼆

i_
ÉTEE

器 之 ⼆ i 進住

ci2 ci
Ǜlihib
⼆

沉
Classwork
Cw. 1 (Ex. 7A 7, 10) 点
⼆

3 T Evaluate the following expressions

343
243
2
3 82
2

沅 (a) _
27
(b) 3
27

⼆
年 ⼆
号 3
 Cw. 2 (Ex. 7A 19, 22)
If a 0 and b 0 , simplify the following expressions, and express the
answers with positive indices.
1
6 1 13
3
a 5
a 10
a3
(a) 3
(b) (ab) 2

b
a 2

剃 下 到古 ⼆
是 xǜ
EǗ
⼆ ⼗⼈

⼀⽅
ii 器
á
滋 培
(7.2) Solving Equations by Laws of Indices
2
We know that 3x 3
12 is an equation with rational indices.
For the equations with unknown indices like 2(5x ) 250 and
4x 4x 1
4x 1
84 . They are called exponential equations.

Ex. 1
Solve the following equations for x 0 .
3
3 4
x2 1 3
(a) (b) 500 x 2
4 (c) 20 x 3 2
2187 3 4

這 ⼆
729
這⼆台5 Ǘ ⼆
年
這⽚ 729⽚ 非忘 in ⼆元

⼆ 81 I ⼆ 25
iii
主
I change the same bases
2 take out the common factor
Ex. 2
Solve theÜowing
fowing equations
(a) 8(2 x 4 ) 80(2 x 2 ) 37 (b) 4(3x ) 3x 1
2(3x 1 ) 32
4
82 80 i 37 4⽔ 3 2 5
3 4 3 2 5 32
產品 nrrrixf5
E 33
j 3
2 ⼆年 4
2 z2
7 ⼆ 2
 EX
Cw. 3

22 x 4 y 32
Solve the simultaneous equations .
9 x 34( x 2 y ) 3
48 32
f 2 5
q 34
y
⼼ 2以 ⼆ 25
6 8g
ty
l 8
OX3
jn.jiy ⼆3
by 8y 15 1 E 1
2 以 ⼆25
32
4 8y 3 1
fy 汽

Classwork
Cw. 1
Solve the following equations
以
it b 7
命
3 ⼆
8 了
(a) x 2
392 343
7 号
(b) 7 3x 1 1 衍 池435 73
⼼
北⽅3
49 x 3
⼆⼆
年
(c) 8x 1
8x 1
520

(d) 3
x x 5
7
ft 2，46

c 8 8 ⼆ 5zoldl.EE ⼆5 7341⼆ 7
341 ⼆⼀ 246
Ifcst ⼆ 5
8 8 8 520 1
sfi5
my 64 i 5
8 8 i 5
x L ⼼2 52
3 ⼆ 25

Homework:
Google classroom
Ex. 7A (p 7.11) 20, 21, 37
⼀ to
Ex. 7B (p 7.18) 11, 14, 23
281
Deadline 4A: ______54B:______

I1 59p.m
 i

(7.3) Exponential Functions

252⼆年 tzft(7.3.1) Introduction
z Consider the function f (y
0 ˋ
2 1 2 x) 2 x .
ˋ
i 4 2 8 x 2 1 0 1 2 3
y ⼗
年
x
年 ti 1 1 2 2 I
The function f ( x) 2 is called an exponential function.
4 4 8
czi
a
ai The function i iso
f ( x) a x ( a 0 and a 1 ) is called an
x
exponential function with base a . The domain i ⼆年

it oiii ⽔ of f ( x) is the set of all real numbers, and

f ( x) 0 for any real number x .
2 5 ⼆台
X
x
Ex. 1
a as0 at1
Determine whether each of the following functions is an exponential function.
1 a
(a) y
3x 啦0 ( / ) (e) y ( 2) x (
O)
/

(b) y 1x ( /
0)) (f) y xx 避 ( /0 )
0
5x
y x100 y 4
(c) ( /
O (g) 4'5 ( / )
1
前 ⼼
愁0
(d) y 24 x ( / ) (h) y 3 x
( / )
(7.3.2) Graphs of exponential functions
x y⼆ 0
5 yF.io
Consider the graph of y 2 below and discover ome properties of the graphs
Ǐi
of y a x ( a 0 ) 52 ⼆ 於三 年
点

ye l 6
 這⼋ 4 ⼼ 2 位州 Ǚicǚi
ti 倒字

(7.3.3) Applications of exponential functions

Google classroom
Homework:
Ex. 1 Ex. 7C (p 7.28) 5, 8, 10
l 0x Re. Ex. 7 (p 7.34) 27, 41
Consider the function g ( x) 256(2 2 ) .
a
以
Deadline 4A: ______ 4B:______
g4 256 zt y and g (6)
(a) Find the values of g (4)
(b) Solve the equation g ( xd) 8 .
y.

64 L
(c) Find the value of n such that g (n) g (n t 2) 3 .
g6 256 2 号
32 b gkk256 洽 8 C 256 冷 256 i 3 I 是卡
It 六 256 冷 呵 3
it Ǚ ⼆家 ziz 7

玲⼆六 ⼀
号 7
出到
ziz
Ziyi 寧
5 n ⼆ 14
ˋ
哭
Ex. 2
The volume V cm
炎 元3
5
of water in a tank after t hours can be expressed as
t
1
follows: V 50 000
5

a when to (a) Find the volume of water in the tank originally.

t.io
在2
V 5oooo Ǜ (b) Find the volume of water in the tank after 2 hours. 400
(c) How long does it take for the volume of water to be 400 cm3 in the tank.
V 5ovuo when V 400
he volmnniooooai b when ti2 c

V 5oooolji
400 5oooo
Gt
liyt
7

V zooo
The required wlmnnezooom3 lift
 It takes 3 hours for
the volmnn of water to
be 400wi
Ex. 3
The height H m of a tree after t years starting from the beginning of 2014 can
a
y t
12t

he
151
1以 2 信⼼ be estimated by H (t ) 2
150
2.35 2.3457759 tizof 2016.
(a) Estimate the height of the tree at the beginning
height of Ne(b) Estimate the increase in the height of the tree in 2016.
hee is 2.35m tzlo
(c) Determine whether the tree will exceed 5 m high at the beginning of 2024.
Explain your answer. 1210
C H 10 2 器
b The increase in the height
H 3 H2 444 L5
2哭 2 57759 i.The tree will not exceed
0.195 m
5 m high at thebeginning
of 2024
Classwork
Cw. 1 (Ex. 7C 7)
The unit price $V of a share after t months is given by V A(100.01t ) , where
A is a constant.
avzu
to price of the share is $20 , find the value of A .
(a) If the current unit
(b) Find the unit price of the share after 5 years. (Give your answer correct to 1
decimal place) 七⼆60
a when tio V ⼆ 20 b when ti6o
0
A ⼼以
w 01
V⼆ 2 ⼼
A W
V ⼆ 79.6
The unit price is 79.6
Cw. 2 (Ex. 7C 11)
The value $V (in millions) of a diamond after t years starting form the
neerson t
beginning of 2012 can be expressed as follows: V 0.1 5 9
以 when to
(a) Find the value of the diamond at the beginning of 2012. to
V 0.1XǙ (b) Estimate the value of the diamond at the end of 2018.
tn
V 0.1 (c) At the end of which year will the value of the diamond reach half million
The value is dollars? V0.5
50.1 million when ⼗⼆7 ⼼ when V20.5
b 去
V ⼆ 0 I XǗ
0.5 0.1 5
5 5幸 8

VEU 350 1
法
The value is 0.350million 9
只 low