Exterior Stone Paving and Facing

DIVISION 32
SECTION 32144100 -- UNITEXTERIOR STONE PAVING AND FACING

Copyright 2011 AIA MasterSpec Full Length 02/11
Copyright 2011 by The American Institute of Architects (AIA)
Exclusively published and distributed by Architectural Computer Services, Inc. (ARCOM) for the
AIA
SECTION 32144100 -- EXTERIOR STONE UNIT PAVING AND FACING
Revise this Section by deleting and inserting text to meet Project-specific requirements.
This Section uses the term "Architect." Change this term to match that used to identify the design
professional as defined in the General and Supplementary Conditions.
Verify that Section titles referenced in this Section are correct for this Project's Specifications; Section
titles may have changed.
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS
Retain or delete this article in all Sections of Project Manual.
A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.2 SUMMARY
A. Section Includes:
Revise subparagraphs below to suit Project.
1. Brick pavers set in [aggregate] [bituminous] [and] [mortar] setting beds.

2. Concrete pavers set in [aggregate] [bituminous] [and] [mortar] setting beds.
3. Asphalt-block pavers set in bituminous setting beds.
4. Exterior stone pavers set in [aggregate] [and] [mortar ] setting beds.

5. Exterior stone facing.
6. Exterior stone stair treads and risers.
7. Gravels.
8. Stone pebbles.
9. Balancing tank stone cover.
10. [Plastic] [Steel] [Aluminum] edge restraints.
11. Cast-in-place concrete edge restraints.
12. Precast concrete curbs.
13. Stone curbs.
B. Related Sections:
1. Division 03 Section "Miscellaneous Architectural Precast Concrete".

2. Division 07 Section "EPDM sheet waterproofing" for waterproofing membrane in
water features.
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1.3 Retain Sections in subparagraphs below that contain requirements Contractor might expect
to find in this Section but are specified in other Sections.
1.4 If retaining first subparagraph below, insert other materials included in the waterproofing
Section retained that the reader might expect to find in this Section.
1.5 [Section 071326 "Self-Adhering Sheet Waterproofing"] [Section 071353 "Elastomeric

EPDM Sheet Waterproofing"] [Section 071354 "Thermoplastic Sheet Waterproofing"]
[Section 071413 "Hot Fluid-Applied Rubberized Asphalt Waterproofing"]
[Section 071416 "Cold Fluid-Applied Waterproofing"] for waterproofing and protection
board under plaza deck pavers.
1. Division 07 [Section 075113 "Built-up Asphalt Roofing"] [Section 075116 "Built-
up Coal Tar Roofing"] [Section 075213 "Atactic-Polypropylene (APP) Modified
Bituminous Membrane Roofing"] [Section 075216 "Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene
(SBS) Modified Bituminous Membrane Roofing"] [Section 075316
"Chlorosulfonate-Polyethylene (CSPE) Roofing"] [Section 075323 "Ethylene-
Propylene-Diene-Monomer (EPDM) Roofing"] [Section 075416 "Ethylene
Interpolymer (KEE) Roofing"] [Section 075419 "Polyvinyl-Chloride (PVC)
Roofing"] [Section 075423 "Thermoplastic Polyolefin (TPO) Roofing"]
[Section 075552 "Modified Bituminous Protected Membrane Roofing"]
[Section 075556 "Fluid-Applied Protected Membrane Roofing"] for
waterproofing and protection board under plaza deck pavers, terraces, planters and
roof gardens. for roof pavers.
2. Division 07 Section "Joint Sealants" for sealing control and expansion joints in stone
pavers with elastomeric sealants.
B. Section 096313 "Brick Flooring" for brick flooring for interior applications.
1. Division 09 Section 096340 "Stone Flooring" for interior dimension stone paving.
1.6 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
A. General: Design stone anchors and anchoring systems according to ASTM C 1242.
B. Structural Performance: Provide dimension stone cladding system capable of withstanding

the effects of live loads, gravity loads and the following loads and stresses within limits and
under conditions indicated:
1. Wind Loads: Basic Wind Speed: 95 mph (152 km/hr), Exposure D according to
ASCE 2010
C. Seismic Performance: Provide dimension stone cladding system capable of withstanding

the effects of earthquake motions determined according to UBC 1997, Seismic Zone 2B,
Soil Profile Type SC.
D. Thermal Movements: Provide dimension stone cladding system that allows for thermal
movements resulting from the following maximum change (range) in ambient and surface
temperatures by preventing displacement of stone, opening of joints, overstressing of
components, failure of joint sealants, failure of connections, and other detrimental effects.
Base engineering calculation on surface temperatures of materials due to both solar heat
gain and nighttime-sky heat loss.
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1. Temperature Change (Range): 67 deg C, ambient; 100 deg C, material surfaces.
Temperature range to be coordinated to suit local conditions.
E. Safety Factors for Stone: Design dimension stone cladding system to withstand loads
indicated without exceeding allowable working stress of stone determined by dividing
stone's average ultimate strength, as established by testing, by the following safety factors:
1. Safety Factor for Basalt and Granite: 3.
F. Design stone anchors to withstand loads indicated without exceeding allowable working
stresses established by the following:
1. For Cold-Formed Stainless Steel: ASCE 8, "Specification for the Design of Cold-
Formed Stainless Steel Structural Members."
2. For Postinstalled Fasteners in Concrete: One-fourth of tested capacity when installed
in concrete with compressive strength indicated.
3. For Post-Installed Fasteners in Masonry: One-sixth of tested capacity when installed
in masonry units indicated.
G. Provisions for Fabrication and Erection Tolerances: Allow for fabrication and erection
tolerances of building's structural system. Concrete fabrication and erection tolerances are
specified in Division 03 Section "Cast-in-Place Concrete."
H. Provision for Deflection of Building Structure: Allow for the following:
1. Deflection due to Weight of Dimension Stone Cladding System: Allow for 6-mm
vertical deflection in 6-m span of structural members supporting dimension stone
cladding system.
2. Live Load Deflection: Allow for 6-mm vertical deflection, in 6-m span of structural
members supporting dimension stone cladding system, due to live loads imposed on
building's structural frame after stone installation.
I. Leakage Resistance, Water and Air: Provide dimension stone cladding system that
complies with the following:
1. Air Infiltration: Not more than 0.02 L/s per sq. m of wall area, as measured by
testing mockup per ASTM E 283 at a differential pressure of 75 Pa.
2. Water Penetration: No uncontrolled water penetration beyond plane of back of
dimension stone cladding system that is not contained or drained back to exterior, as
measured by testing mockup per ASTM E 331 at a differential pressure of 20 percent
of positive design wind load, but not less than 479 Pa.
J. Control of Corrosion and Staining: Prevent galvanic and other forms of corrosion as well as
staining by isolating metals and other materials from direct contact with incompatible
materials. Use materials that do not stain exposed surfaces of stone and joint materials.
1. Section 321216 "Asphalt Paving" for asphalt base under unit pavers.
2. Section 321313 "Concrete Paving" [for concrete base under unit pavers] [and] [for
cast-in-place concrete curbs and gutters serving as edge restraints for unit
pavers].
3. Section 321443 "Porous Unit Paving" for unit paving using grid pavers or pavers with
openings between them.
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1.7 PRECONSTRUCTION TESTING
Retain paragraph below if latex additives are specified and if testing is considered necessary.
A. Preconstruction Adhesion and Compatibility Testing: Submit to latex-additive

manufacturer, for testing as indicated below, samples of paving materials that will contact or
affect mortar and grout that contain latex additives.
1. Use manufacturer's standard test methods to determine whether mortar and grout
materials will obtain optimum adhesion with, and will be nonstaining to, installed
pavers and other materials constituting paver installation.
1.8 ACTION SUBMITTALS
Retain one of first two paragraphs below. If retaining second paragraph, revise list to coordinate with
products retained in Part 2.
A. Product Data: For materials other than water and aggregates.
B. Product Data: For the following:
1. Stone Pavers.
2. Stone Facing.
3. Bituminous setting materials.
4. Mortar and grout materials.
5. Adhesive.
C. Shop Drawings: Include plans, sections, details, and attachments to other work.
1. Show locations and details of joints both within stone flooring and stone facing and
between stone flooring and stone facing and other finish materials.
2. Include details of joints.
3. Show locations and details of anchors.
4. Show direction of veining, grain, or other directional patterns.
1.9 Edge restraints.
1.10 Precast concrete curbs.
1.11 Stone curbs.
1.12 LEED Submittals:
1.13 Retain subparagraph below if regional materials are required for LEED-NC, LEED-CS, or
LEED for Schools Credit MR 5; coordinate with requirements selected in Part 2 for
materials.
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1.14 Product Certificates for Credit MR 5: For products and materials required to comply with
requirements for regional materials, certificates indicating location of material manufacturer
and point of extraction, harvest, or recovery for each raw material. Include statement
indicating distance to Project, cost for each regional material, and fraction by weight that is
considered regional.
1.15 Retain first paragraph below if requirement for preconstruction adhesion and compatibility
testing is retained or if latex additive is used.
A. Adhesion and Compatibility Test Reports: From latex-additive manufacturer for mortar
and grout containing latex additives.
B. Sieve Analyses: For aggregate setting-bed materials, according to ASTM C 136.
C. Samples for Initial Selection: For the following:
1. Each type of stoneunit paver and stone facing indicated.

2. Joint materials involving color selection.
3. Exposed edge restraints involving color selection.
5. Granite for stone curbs.
Delete paragraph above if colors and other characteristics are preselected and specified or scheduled.
Retain paragraph below with or without above.
D. Samples for Verification:
1. Full-size stone units of each type of unit stone paver and facing indicated.[ Assemble
no fewer than five Samples of each type of stone unit on suitable backing and
grout joints.]
2. Joint materials.
E. Qualification Data: For Installer, fabricator, professional engineer and testing agency.
F. Material Test Reports:
1. Stone Test Reports: For each stone variety proposed for use on Project, by a
qualified testing agency, indicating compliance with required physical properties,
according to referenced ASTM standards. Base reports on testing within previous
three years.
2. For metal components, by a qualified testing agency, indicating chemical and
physical properties of metal.
3. Sealant Compatibility and Adhesion Test Report: From sealant manufacturer
complying with requirements in Division 07 Section "Joint Sealants" and indicating
that sealants will not stain or damage stone. Include interpretation of test results and
recommendations for primers and substrate preparation needed for adhesion.
4. Latex-Additive Adhesion and Compatibility Test Report: From latex-additive
manufacturer indicating that mortar and grout containing latex additive will be non
staining to stone paving and facing.
G. Preconstruction test reports.
H. Source quality-control reports.
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I. Cold- and Hot-Weather Procedures: Detailed description of methods, materials, and
equipment to be used to comply with cold-weather requirements.
1. Exposed edge restraints.
3. Stone curbs.
1.16 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Installer Qualifications: A firm or individual experienced in installing exterior stone paving

and facing similar in material, design, and extent to that indicated for this Project, whose
work has a record of successful in-service performance.
B. Fabricator Qualifications: Shop that employs skilled workers who custom-fabricate stone
paving and facing similar to that required for this Project and whose products have a record
of successful in-service performance.
1. Fabricator's responsibilities include fabricating exterior stone paving and facing and
providing professional engineering services needed to assume engineering
responsibility.
2. Engineering Responsibility: Comprehensive engineering analysis by a qualified
professional engineer.
C. Testing Agency Qualifications: An independent agency qualified according to

ASTM E 329 for testing indicated.
D. Source Limitations: Obtain each type of unit stone paver, stone facing, joint material, and
setting material from single source with resources to provide materials and products of
consistent quality in appearance and physical properties.
Delete first paragraph below if not required. If retaining, indicate location, size, and other details of
mockups on Drawings or by inserts. Revise wording if only one mockup is required.
E. Mockups: Build mockups to verify selections made under Sample submittals and to
demonstrate aesthetic effects and set quality standards for materials and execution.
1. Build mockup of typical exterior stone paving about 2400 mm square.

2. Build mockup of typical exterior stone facing not less than 1800 mm long by 1200
mm high.
a. Include typical components, attachments to backup structure, and methods of

installation.
b. Include sealant-filled joint complying with requirements in Section 079200
"Joint Sealants."
3. Approval of mockups does not constitute approval of deviations from the Contract
Documents contained in mockups unless Engineer specifically approves such
deviations in writing.
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1.17 Retain subparagraph below if mockups are installed as part of building rather than
separately and the intention is to make an exception to the default requirement in SECTION
014000 "Quality Requirements" for demolishing and removing mockups when directed
unless otherwise indicated.
1. Approved mockups may become part of the completed Work if undisturbed at time
of Substantial Completion.
Retain paragraph below if Work of this Section is extensive or complex enough to justify a
preinstallation conference.
B. Preinstallation Conference: Conduct conference at [Project site] <Insert location>.
1.18 PRECONSTRUCTION TESTING
A. Preconstruction Stone Testing: Engage a qualified independent testing agency to perform

preconstruction testing.
1. Retesting of materials that fail to meet specified requirements shall be done at

Contractor's expense.
2. Furnish test specimens that are representative of materials proposed for incorporation
into the Work.
3. Physical Property Tests: For each stone variety proposed for use on Project, tested
for compliance with physical property requirements, other than abrasion resistance,
according to referenced ASTM standards.
4. Flexural Strength Tests: For each combination of stone variety, thickness, orientation
of cut, and finish, proposed for use on Project, tested according to
ASTM C 880/C 880M, in both wet and dry conditions.
5. Anchorage Tests: Stone variety, orientation of cut, finish, and anchor type proposed
for use on Project, tested according to ASTM C 1354/C 1354M.
B. Preconstruction Latex-Additive Adhesion and Compatibility Testing: Submit to latex-

additive manufacturer, for testing as indicated below, samples of paving materials that will
contact or affect mortar and grout that contain latex additives.
1. Use manufacturer's standard test methods to determine whether mortar and grout
materials will obtain optimum adhesion with, and will be nonstaining to, installed
pavers and stone facing and other materials constituting stone installation.
C. Preconstruction Sealant Compatibility and Adhesion Testing: Submit to joint-sealant

manufacturers, for compatibility and adhesion testing according to sealant manufacturer's
standard testing methods and Division 07 Section "Joint Sealants" Samples of materials that
will contact or affect joint sealants.
1.19 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A. Store pavers and facing on elevated platforms in a dry location. If stone units are not stored
in an enclosed location, cover tops and sides of stacks with waterproof sheeting, securely
tied.
1. Lift stone with wide-belt slings; do not use wire rope or ropes that might cause
staining. Move stone, if required, using dollies with cushioned wood supports.
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B. Deliver sealants to Project site in original unopened containers labeled with manufacturer's
name, product name and designation, color, expiration period, pot life, curing time, and
mixing instructions for multicomponent materials.
C. Store cementitious materials on elevated platforms, under cover, and in a dry location. Do
not use cementitious materials that have become damp.
D. Store aggregates where grading and other required characteristics can be maintained and
contamination avoided.
Retain first paragraph below if liquid-latex compounds are used.
E. Store liquids in tightly closed containers protected from freezing.
Retain paragraph below if bituminous setting bed is used.
F. Store asphalt cement and other bituminous materials in tightly closed containers.
1.20 PROJECT CONDITIONS
A. Cold-Weather Protection: Do not use frozen materials or materials mixed or coated with ice
or frost. Do not build on frozen subgrade or setting beds. Remove and replace unit stone
paver work damaged by frost or by freezing conditions. Comply with cold-weather
construction requirements contained in ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602.
B. Hot-Weather Protection: Comply with hot-weather construction and protection

requirements contained in ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602.
1.21 Retain first paragraph below if bituminous setting bed is used.
1.22 Weather Limitations for Bituminous Setting Bed:
1.23 Install bituminous setting bed only when ambient temperature is above 4 deg C and when
base is dry.
1.24 Apply asphalt adhesive only when ambient temperature is above 10 deg C and when
temperature has not been below 2 deg C for 12 hours immediately before application. Do
not apply when setting bed is wet or contains excess moisture.
1.25 Retain paragraph below if mortar or grout is used.
A. Weather Limitations for Mortar and Grout:
1. Cold-Weather Requirements: Comply with cold-weather construction requirements

contained in ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602.
Retain subparagraph below for pavers set in mortar. Hot weather has more effect on paver
installations than on masonry because horizontal surfaces absorb more solar energy than vertical
surfaces. Insert specific limits to suit local conditions.
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2. Hot-Weather Requirements: Comply with hot-weather construction requirements
contained in ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602. Provide artificial shade and windbreaks
and use cooled materials as required. Do not apply mortar to substrates with
temperatures of 38 deg C and higher.
a. When ambient temperature exceeds 38 deg C, or when wind velocity exceeds

13 km/h and ambient temperature exceeds 32 deg C, set pavers within 1 minute
of spreading setting-bed mortar.
B. Environmental Limitations for Sealants: Do not install sealants when ambient and substrate
temperatures are outside limits permitted by sealant manufacturer or below 5 deg C or when
joint substrates are wet.
1.26 COORDINATION
A. Coordinate installation of inserts that are to be embedded in concrete, flashing reglets, and
similar items to be used by Installer for anchoring, supporting, and flashing of dimension
stone cladding assembly. Furnish setting drawings, templates, and directions for installing
such items and deliver to Project site in time for installation.
B. Time delivery and installation of to avoid extended on-site storage and to coordinate with
work adjacent to exterior stone pavers and facing.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 STONE, GENERAL
A. Varieties and Sources: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one of the stone
varieties specified for each stone type in Part 2 "Stone Types" Article.
1. If descriptions of two or more stone types are identical except for finish, provide the
same variety from the same source for each type.
B. Match Engineer's samples for variety, color, finish, cut and other stone characteristics
relating to aesthetic effects.
C. Provide stone that is free of cracks, seams, and starts impairing structural integrity or
function.
D. Provide stone from a single quarry for each variety of stone required.
1. For each stone variety, provide matched blocks extracted from contiguous locations
in a single bed of quarry stratum unless Engineer approves stone from blocks
randomly selected for aesthetic effect.
E. Quarry stone in a manner to ensure that as-quarried block orientations yield finished stone
with required characteristics.
2.2 BRICK PAVERS
Retain first paragraph below for LEED-NC, LEED-CS, or LEED for Schools Credit MR 5; before
retaining, verify availability of materials that comply.
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A. Regional Materials: Provide brick pavers that have been manufactured within 800 km of
Project site from materials that have been extracted, harvested, or recovered, as well as
manufactured, within 800 km of Project site.
See Editing Instruction No. 1 in the Evaluations for cautions about naming manufacturers and
products. See Section 016000 "Product Requirements."
If brick pavers are used, retain one of first two paragraphs below. Standards cover a range of brick
used as paving material for pedestrian and vehicular traffic. See Evaluations.
If retaining first paragraph below, retain one weather class, traffic type, and application. Class SX is
for exposure to freezing weather, and Class MX is for exterior uses that do not expose brick to
freezing. Class NX is excluded because it is for interior locations. Type I is for locations exposed to
extensive abrasion, such as sidewalks and driveways in public spaces; Type II is for locations exposed
to intermediate abrasion, such as heavily traveled residential walkways and driveways; Type III is for
locations exposed to low abrasion, such as floors and patios exposed in single-family homes.
Application PS is normal tolerance; Application PX is exceptionally close dimensional tolerance;
Application PA is nonuniform sized for characteristic architectural effects. If retaining
Application PA, specify tolerances.
B. Brick Pavers: Light-traffic paving brick; ASTM C 902, [Class SX] [Class MX], [Type I]
[Type II] [Type III], [Application PS] [Application PX] [Application PA]. Provide
brick without frogs or cores in surfaces exposed to view in the completed Work.
1. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, [provide products by one

of the following] [available manufacturers offering products that may be
incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, the following]:
a. <Insert, in separate subparagraphs, manufacturer's name>.
2. Thickness: [32 mm] [38 mm] [41 mm] [57 mm] [67 mm] [As indicated] <Insert
dimension>.
3. Face Size: [95 by 190 mm] [92 by 194 mm] [92 by 295 mm] [194 by 194 mm]
[102 by 203 mm] [102 by 305 mm] [203 by 203 mm] [As indicated] <Insert
dimensions>.
Subparagraph below may be deleted if manufacturer's product designation is used and specifies color.
4. Color: [Dark red] [Medium red] [Full-range red] [Dark brown] [Medium
brown] [Full-range brown] [Tan] [Buff] [Cream] [As indicated by
manufacturer's designations] [Match Architect's sample] [As selected by
Architect from manufacturer's full range] <Insert color>.
If retaining first paragraph below, retain one type and application. Type F is for units set in a sand
setting bed with sand between the pavers. Type R is for units set in a mortar setting bed or a
bituminous setting bed supported by an adequate base. Application PS is for general use;
Application PX is for pavers with close dimensional tolerances; Application PA is nonuniform sized
for characteristic architectural effects. If retaining Application PA, specify tolerances.
Application PX must be retained if specifying Type F.
C. Brick Pavers: Heavy vehicular paving brick; ASTM C 1272, [Type F, Application PX]
[Type R, Application PS] [Type R, Application PX] [Type R, Application PA]. Provide
brick without frogs or cores in surfaces exposed to view in the completed Work.
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In first subparagraph below, 2-1/4 inches (57 mm) is minimum thickness for Type R; 2-5/8 inches (67
mm) is minimum for Type F.
2. Thickness: [57 mm] [67 mm] [As indicated] <Insert dimension>.

[102 by 203 mm] [102 by 305 mm] [203 by 203 mm] [As indicated] <Insert
dimensions>.
Subparagraph below may be deleted if manufacturer's product designation is used and specifies color.
4. Color: [Dark red] [Medium red] [Full-range red] [Dark brown] [Medium
brown] [Full-range brown] [Tan] [Buff] [Cream] [As indicated by
manufacturer's designations] [Match Architect's sample] [As selected by
Architect from manufacturer's full range] <Insert color>.
D. Efflorescence: Brick shall be rated "not effloresced" when tested according to ASTM C 67.
Consider retaining paragraph below if latex-modified mortar or grout is used. Temporary protective
coating prevents staining.
E. Temporary Protective Coating: Precoat exposed surfaces of brick pavers with a continuous
film of a temporary protective coating that is compatible with brick, mortar, and grout
products and can be removed without damaging grout or brick. Do not coat unexposed
brick surfaces; handle brick to prevent coated surfaces from contacting backs or edges of
other units. If, despite these precautions, coating does contact bonding surfaces of brick,
remove coating from bonding surfaces before setting brick.
2.3 CONCRETE PAVERS
A. Regional Materials: Provide concrete pavers that have been manufactured within 800 km of
Project site from aggregates[ and cement] that have been extracted, harvested, or recovered,
as well as manufactured, within 800 km of Project site.
First paragraph below applies to most standard units. ASTM reference limits length-to-thickness ratio
to no more than 4 (to provide interlocking effect) and face area to no more than 101 sq. in. (0.065
sq. m) and requires compressive strength of 8000 psi (55 MPa). Revise if units made from
lightweight aggregate are required.
B. Concrete Pavers: Solid interlocking paving units complying with ASTM C 936[ and
resistant to freezing and thawing when tested according to ASTM C 67], made from
normal-weight aggregates.
See Editing Instruction No. 1 in the Evaluations for cautions about naming manufacturers. See
Section 016000 "Product Requirements."
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Standard-duty interlocking concrete pavers are usually 2-3/8 inches (60 mm) thick; heavy-duty units
are usually 3-1/8 inches (80 mm) thick.
2. Thickness: [60 mm] [80 mm] <Insert dimension>.
Retain and revise one of first three subparagraphs below to specify face size and shape. Maximum
length per ASTM C 936 is 9-1/2 inches (241 mm) for 2-3/8-inch- (60-mm-) thick units and 12-1/2
inches (318 mm) for 3-1/8-inch- (80-mm-) thick units.
3. Face Size and Shape: [98 mm] [113 mm] [225 mm] [229 mm] square.
4. Face Size and Shape: [98-by-200-mm] [102-by-203-mm] [113-by 225-mm]
rectangle.
5. Face Size and Shape: [140-mm octagon with attached 89-mm square] [114-by-
229-mm rectangle with saw-tooth edges] [121-mm rectangular and trapezoidal
units arranged in semicircular courses to produce fan-shaped pattern] [As
indicated] <Insert dimensions and shape>.
6. Color: [As indicated by manufacturer's designations] [Match Architect's
sample] [As selected by Architect from manufacturer's full range] <Insert
color>.
First paragraph below applies primarily to custom and large-size units.
C. Concrete Pavers: Solid paving units, made from normal-weight concrete with a
compressive strength not less than [34 MPa] [41 MPa] <Insert value>, water absorption
not more than 5 percent according to ASTM C 140, and no breakage and not more than 1
percent mass loss when tested for freeze-thaw resistance according to ASTM C 67.

2. Thickness: [41 mm] [45 mm] [51 mm] [60 mm] <Insert dimension>.
Retain and revise one of first three subparagraphs below to specify face size and shape.
3. Face Size and Shape: [225 mm] [229 mm] [305 mm] [457 mm] [610 mm] square.
4. Face Size and Shape: [229-by-457-mm] [305-by-610-mm] rectangle.
5. Face Size and Shape: [As indicated] <Insert dimensions and shape>.
color>.
Units in paragraph below are primarily suitable for residential walks and patios.
D. Concrete Pavers: Solid paving units complying with ASTM C 1491, made from lightweight
concrete.
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DIVISION 32

2. Thickness: [41 mm] [45 mm] [51 mm] <Insert dimension>.

3. Face Size and Shape: [229 mm square] [305 mm square] [457 mm square] [As
indicated] <Insert dimensions and shape>.
color>.
2.4 ASPHALT-BLOCK PAVERS
A. Asphalt-Block Pavers: Solid units made from asphalt cement complying with
ASTM D 312, Type III; inorganic stone dust or cement filler; and coarse aggregate,
consisting of clean, hard, unweathered stone crushed into angular particles varying in size
up to 9.5 mm.

a. Hanover Architectural Products, Inc.

b. <Insert manufacturer's name>.
2. Thickness: [32 mm] [51 mm] [76 mm] <Insert dimension>.

[152 by 305 mm] [203-mm-wide hexagon] <Insert dimensions>.
4. Dimensional Tolerances: Plus or minus 1.6 mm.
5. Finish: [Natural, smooth] [Ground] [Ground and sandblasted].
color>.
2.5 EXTERIOR STONE PAVERS AND FACING
A. Granite Basalt Pavers: Provide sound natural stone obtained from one strata of one quarry,
free from faults and to the shapes, sizes, and patterns shown on the Drawings and as
follows:
B. Rectangular paving slabs made from granite complying with ASTM C 615.
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1. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, [provide the following]
[provide one of the following] [stone varieties that may be incorporated into the
Work include, but are not limited to, the following]:
a. <Insert names of varieties and producers, distributors, or importers>.
First subparagraph below is an example only. Revise color or grain or specify a retained variety.
2. Color and Grain: [Light gray] [Dark gray] [Buff] [White] [Black] [Pink] <Insert
color> with [medium] [fine] grain.
3. Finish: [Honed to match Engineer’s approved sample] [Thermal] [As indicated]

[Match Architect's sample] <Insert finish>.
4. Color: Match Engineer’s approved sample.
5. Submit samples for approval of quality, texture, color and dressing.
Retain first subparagraph below for added quality control if required.

6. Match Architect's Engineer’s approved samples for color, finish, and other stone
characteristics relating to aesthetic effects.
Verify availability of thickness retained in first subparagraph below with stone suppliers.
7. Thickness: Not less than [20 mm] [30 mm] [32 mm] [5540 mm] unless otherwise
indicated.
8. Face Size:: [229 mm square] [305 mm square] [457 mm square] [229 by 457
mm] [As indicated on drawings and details] <Insert dimensions>.
9. Basalt slabs to have the following minimum properties:
a. Maximum Absorption per ASTM C 97: 0.67 % for smooth basalt and 0.70 %
for rough basalt.
b. Minimum Compressive Strength per ASTM C 170: 87.9 N/mm2 for smooth
basalt and 108.4 N/mm2.
c. Minimum Modulus of Rupture per ASTM C 99: 21.97 N/mm2 for smooth
basalt and 20.46 N/mm2 for rough basalt.
d. Minimum Stone Abrasion Resistance per ASTM C 241 or ASTM C 1353: 10.
C. Granite Pavers and Facing: Provide granite complying with ASTM C 615 obtained from one
strata of one quarry, free from faults and to the shapes, sizes, and patterns shown on the
Drawings and as follows:
1. Description: Uniform, fine to medium-grained, stone without veining unless

otherwise shown on drawings.
2. Finish: As indicated for each type specified.
3. Submit samples for approval of quality, texture, color and dressing.
4. Match Engineer’s approved samples for color, finish, and other stone characteristics
relating to aesthetic effects.
5. Thickness: Not less than 30 mm unless otherwise indicated.
6. Face Size: As indicated on drawings and details.
7. Granite slabs to have the minimum properties set in ASTM C 615 as follows:
a. Density: 2560 kg/m3 according to ASTM C 97.

b. Compressive strength: 131 MPa according to ASTM C 170.
c. Water absorption: 0.4 % max according to ASTM C 97.
d. Modulus of rupture: 10.34 MPa according to ASTM C 99.
e. Abrasion resistance ASTM C241, Ha: 25 according to ASTM C 241 and
ASTM C 1353.
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f. Flexural strength: 8.27 MPa according to ASTM C 880.
8. Where indicated on drawings, provide the following to match Engineer’s approved

sample:
a. Nero Africa Granite with flamed finish.

b. Nero Africa Impala with polished finish.
D. Marble Pavers: Provide exterior marble pavers complying with requirements specified in
Division 9 Section "Stone Flooring" as a continuation to the interior marble flooring as
indicated on drawings.
2.6 STONE TREADS AND RISERS
A. Stone Treads and Risers: Provide basaltgranite stone type as specified in this Section, not
less than 450 mm for treads and not less than 30 mm thick for risers unless otherwise
indicated.
2.7 AGGREGATE BALLAST (GRAVELS)
A. Aggregate Ballast (Gravels): Provide aggregate ballast (gravels) that will withstand weather
exposure without significant deterioration and will not contribute to membrane degradation,
of the following type and size:
1. Aggregate Type: Crushed gravel or crushed stone.

2. Size: ASTM D 448, Size 3, ranging from 25 to 50 mm.
3. Size: ASTM D 448, Size 4, ranging from 19 to 38 mm.
2.8 STONE PEBBLES
A. Where indicated on drawings at atrium and external areas behind ramps, provide stone
pebbles made from crushed stone. Pebbles are to be rounded and/or elliptical in shape,
having diameter between 4 and 64 mm. Finishes to be as approved by Engineer.
B.
2.9 BALANCING TANK STONE COVER
A. Where indicated on drawings, provide stone cover for balancing tank made from Nero
Africa Impala Granite with polished finish.
B. Stone Tile Base and Support Frame to Cover: Stainless steel Type 316L to comply with
requirements specified in Division 05 Section "Metal Fabrications".
C. Opening Key: Stainless steel Type 316L to comply with requirements specified in Division
05 Section "Metal Fabrications".
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2.10 WATERPROOFING MEMBRANES
A. General: Manufacturer's standard product that complies with Division 07 Section "APP-
Modified Bituminous Membrane RoofingEPDM Sheet Waterproofing" for waterproofing
under plaza deck pavers and terraces..
B. Limestone Pavers: Rectangular paving slabs made from limestone complying with
ASTM C 568.

a. Indiana oolitic limestone quarried in Lawrence, Monroe, or Owen Counties,

Indiana.
b. <Insert names of varieties and producers, distributors, or importers>.
Usually retain one of two options in first subparagraph below. If varieties and sources are named,
specifying a classification may be unnecessary but would provide additional quality control and a
salient characteristic to use in determining if another variety or source is equivalent. First option
generally applies to oolitic and some dolomitic limestone; second, to dolomitic limestone.
2. Classification: [II Medium-Density] [III High-Density].
Consider retaining first subparagraph below. ASTM C 568 requires value of 10 for floors. Before
retaining, verify that stone complies.
3. Stone Abrasion Resistance: Minimum value of [10] <Insert value>, based on testing
according to ASTM C 241 or ASTM C 1353.
If retaining Indiana limestone above, retain first subparagraph below and retain one grade and color.
Delete if Indiana limestone is not used. Gray is more plentiful than buff. Verify availability with
producers.
4. Indiana Oolitic Limestone Grade and Color: [Select, buff] [Select, gray] [Standard,
buff] [Standard, gray] [Rustic, buff] [Rustic, gray] [Variegated], according to
grade and color classification established by ILI.
Before specifying, verify availability and suitability of chat-sawed and shot-sawed finishes.
5. Finish: [Smooth] [Chat sawed] [Shot sawed] [As indicated] <Insert finish>.

6. Match Architect's samples for color, finish, and other stone characteristics relating to
aesthetic effects.
7. Thickness: Not less than [25 mm] [32 mm] [40 mm] [50 mm] unless otherwise
indicated.
8. Face Size: [229 mm square] [305 mm square] [457 mm square] [229 by 457 mm]
[As indicated] <Insert dimensions>.
C. Marble Pavers: Rectangular paving slabs made from marble complying with ASTM C 503.
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First subparagraph below is an example of a generic description that can be retained and revised for a
nonproprietary specification. For a more explicit specification, delete subparagraph and list varieties
and sources in "Products" Subparagraph above. Subparagraph below describes a crystalline calcite
marble; revise to describe other varieties of marble if required.
3. Description: Uniform, fine- to medium-grained, [white] <Insert color> stone with
only slight veining.
4. Finish: [Honed] [As indicated] [Match Architect's sample] <Insert finish>.

aesthetic effects.
6. Thickness: Not less than [20 mm] [30 mm] [32 mm] unless otherwise indicated.
D. Quartz-Based Stone Pavers: [Rectangular paving slabs] [Random polygonal flagstones]

made from quartz-based stone complying with ASTM C 616, Classification [I Sandstone]
[II Quartzitic Sandstone] [III Quartzite].

3. Finish: [Sand rubbed] [Natural cleft] [Thermal] [As indicated] [Match
Architect's sample] <Insert finish>.
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aesthetic effects.
5. Thickness: Not less than [25 mm] [32 mm] [38 mm] [40 mm] [50 mm] unless
otherwise indicated.
[As indicated] [Random] <Insert dimensions>.
E. Slate Pavers: [Rectangular paving slabs] [Random polygonal flagstones] made from
slate complying with ASTM C 629, Classification I Exterior, with a fine, even grain[ and
unfading color,] from clear, sound stock.

First subparagraph below is an example of a generic description that can be retained and revised for a
nonproprietary specification. For a more explicit specification, delete subparagraph and list varieties
and sources in "Products" Subparagraph above.
2. Color: [Black] [Blue-black] [Gray] [Blue-gray] [Green] [Purple] [Mottled purple

and green] [Red].
4. Finish: [Honed] [Sand rubbed] [Natural cleft] [As indicated] [Match Architect's
sample] <Insert finish>.

aesthetic effects.
[As indicated] [Random] <Insert dimensions>.
F. Travertine Pavers: Rectangular paving slabs made from travertine complying with
ASTM C 1527, Classification I Exterior.

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Fleuri cut, also called "cross cut," travertine should not be used for pavers because it will contain
voids just beneath the surface, which will eventually fracture.
3. Cut: Vein cut.
Filling pores will prevent them from accumulating dirt.

4. Filling: Fill pores on faces of stone with cementitious filler of color [selected by
Architect] [matching Architect's sample].
5. Finish: [Honed] [As indicated] [Match Architect's sample] <Insert finish>.

aesthetic effects.
Verify availability of thickness selected in first subparagraph below with stone suppliers.
The "Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities;
Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) Accessibility Guidelines" limits vertical changes in surfaces of an
accessible route to 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) or less. If retaining paragraph below for use on an accessible
route, verify that pavers comply with requirements. Some pavers are made by splitting thermal-
finished slabs into blocks, which gives them a more even surface than those made with split faces.
G. Rough-Stone Pavers: Rectangular[ tumbled] paving stones, with split[ or thermal-

finished] faces and edges, made from granite complying with ASTM C 615.
products. If naming varieties or manufacturers, retain one of first two subparagraphs and lists below.
See Section 016000 "Product Requirements."


a. Buechel Stone Corp.

b. Cold Spring Granite Inc.
c. Fletcher Granite Company, Inc.
d. Granicor, Inc.
e. Milestone Imports, Inc.
f. New England Stone, LLC.
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g. North Carolina Granite Corporation.
h. <Insert manufacturer's name>.
First subparagraph below is an example only. Revise color or grain or specify a retained variety.
3. Color and Grain: [Light gray] [Dark gray] [Buff] [White] [Black] [Pink] <Insert
color> with [medium] [fine] grain.
Retain one of first four options in first subparagraph below for pavers made by splitting thermal-
finished slabs into blocks. Usually retain fifth option for pavers with rough-split faces.
4. Thickness: [32 mm] [51 mm] [76 mm] [102 mm] [102 mm, plus or minus 13 mm]
<Insert dimension>.
Retain one of three options in subparagraph below or revise to suit Project. Sizes listed are offered by
North Carolina Granite as Durax #1 and Belgium #1.
5. Face Size: [100 by 100 mm, plus or minus 13 mm] [75 to 125 mm by 200 to 300
mm] [As indicated] <Insert dimensions>.
2.11 CURBS AND EDGE RESTRAINTS
Delete this article if no curbs or edge restraints or if specified in other Sections. Other sizes and
configurations are available besides those indicated below. See manufacturers' catalogs.
Second option in first paragraph below describes PAVE TECH's "Industrial" edging.
A. Plastic Edge Restraints: Manufacturer's standard triangular PVC extrusions [45 mm high
by 89 mm wide] [79 mm high by 241 mm wide] designed to serve as edge restraints for
unit pavers; rigid type for straight edges and flexible type for curved edges, with pipe
connectors and 9.5-mm diameter by 300-mm-long steel spikes.

a. Brickstop Corporation.
b. Dimex Corporation.
c. Oly-Ola Edgings, Inc.
d. Pave Tech Inc.
e. <Insert manufacturer's name>.
First option in first paragraph below is designated "Landscape Divider" by J. T. Ryerson & Son;
second option is designated "Roadway Curbing."
B. Steel Edge Restraints: Manufacturer's standard painted steel edging [4.8 mm thick by 100
mm high] [6.4 mm thick by 125 mm high] with loops pressed from or welded to face to
receive stakes at 900 mm o.c., and steel stakes 380 mm long for each loop.
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a. Border Concepts, Inc.

b. Collier Metal Specialties, Inc.
c. J. D. Russell Company (The).
d. Sure-loc Edging Corporation.

color>.
C. Aluminum Edge Restraints: Manufacturer's standard [straight, 3.2-mm-thick by 100-mm-

high] [straight, 4.8-mm-thick by 100-mm-high] [L-shaped, 3.2-mm-thick by 35-mm-
high] [L-shaped, 4.8-mm-thick by 57-mm-high] extruded-aluminum edging with loops
pressed from face to receive stakes at 300 mm o.c., and aluminum stakes 300 mm long for
each loop.

a. Brickstop Corporation.
b. Curv-Rite, Inc.
c. Permaloc Corporation.
d. Sure-loc Edging Corporation.
Retain first paragraph below for troweled-concrete edge restraints and for edges made of pavers
embedded in concrete.
D. Job-Built Concrete Edge Restraints: Comply with requirements in Section 033000 "Cast-in-
Place Concrete" for normal-weight, air-entrained, ready-mixed concrete with minimum 28-
day compressive strength of 20 MPa.
E. Precast Concrete Curbs: Made from normal-weight concrete with a compressive strength
not less than [34 MPa] [41 MPa] <Insert value> and water absorption not more than 5
percent, in shapes and sizes indicated.

a. Hanover Architectural Products, Inc.

b. <Insert manufacturer's name>.
321400 - 21
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DIVISION 32
2. Color and Texture: [As indicated by manufacturer's designations] [Match
Architect's sample] [As selected by Architect from manufacturer's full range]
<Insert color and texture>.
F. Stone Curbs: Granite curbing, with face battered 1:12, produced in random lengths not less
than 900 mm from granite complying with ASTM C 615.
products. If naming varieties or manufacturers, retain one of first two subparagraphs and lists below.
See Section 016000 "Product Requirements."


a. Cold Spring Granite Inc.

b. Fletcher Granite Company, Inc.
c. Granicor, Inc.
d. New England Stone, LLC.
e. North Carolina Granite Corporation.
f. Polycor Inc.
g. Swenson Granite Co.
h. <Insert manufacturer's name>.
First subparagraph below is an example only. Revise color or grain or specify retained variety.
3. Granite Color and Grain: [Light gray] [Dark gray] [Buff] [White] [Black] [Pink]
<Insert color> with [fine] [medium] [coarse] grain.
Retain dimensions in first three subparagraphs below, insert others, or delete subparagraphs and show
dimensions on Drawings.
4. Top Width: [102 mm] [127 mm] [152 mm] <Insert dimension>.
5. Face Height: [102 mm] [152 mm] [203 mm] <Insert dimension>.
6. Total Height: [305 mm] [406 mm] [457 mm] <Insert dimension>.
Retain finishes in two subparagraphs below; usually retain sawed tops and either split or sawed faces.
7. Top Finish: [Sawed] [Thermal] [Bush hammered].
8. Face Finish: [Split] [Sawed] [Thermal] [Bush hammered].
Insert other materials (pressure-treated wood, stone, etc.) used for edge restraints if not included in
other Sections.
2.12 ACCESSORIES
A. Cork Joint Filler: Preformed strips complying with ASTM D 1752, Type II.
321400 - 22
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Retain paragraph above or below for expansion joints in pavers with grouted joints and at perimeter
when placed against waterproofing. Filler below is used with sealant; filler above may be used where
sealant is not required.
B. Compressible Foam Filler: Preformed strips complying with ASTM D 1056, Grade 2A1.
2.13 ANCHORS AND FASTENERS
A. Fabricate anchors from stainless steel, ASTM A 240/A 240M or ASTM A 666, Type 316;
temper as required to support loads imposed without exceeding allowable design stresses.
Fabricate dowels and pins for anchors from stainless steel, ASTM A 276, Type 316.
B. Cast-in-Place Concrete Inserts: Either threaded or wedge type unless otherwise indicated;
galvanized ferrous castings, either ASTM A 47/A 47M malleable iron or
ASTM A 27/A 27M cast steel, with capability to sustain, without failure, a load equal to 4
times the loads imposed as determined by testing per ASTM E 488, conducted by a
qualified independent testing agency. Provide bolts, washers, and shims as needed, all hot-
dip galvanized per ASTM F 2329.
C. Postinstalled Anchor Bolts for Concrete and Masonry: Chemical anchors and torque-
controlled expansion anchors made from stainless-steel components complying with
ASTM F 738M and ASTM F 836M, Alloy Group A1 or A4) for bolts and nuts;
ASTM A 240/A 240M, ASTM A 276, or ASTM A 666, Type 304 or 316, for anchors, with
capability to sustain, without failure, a load equal to 4 times the loads imposed, for concrete,
or 6 times the load imposed, for masonry, as determined by testing per ASTM E 488,
conducted by a qualified independent testing agency.
D. Threaded Fasteners: Heavy hexagon structural bolts, heavy hexagon nuts, and hardened
washers.
1. For stainless steel, use annealed stainless-steel bolts, nuts, and washers; for bolts,
ASTM F 738M; and for nuts, ASTM F 836M, Alloy Group A4.
E. Weld Plates for Installation in Concrete: Comply with Division 05 Section "Metal
Fabrications."
2.14 AGGREGATE SETTING-BED MATERIALS
Retain this article for aggregate setting-bed applications.
First two paragraphs below are examples of aggregate types and gradations that could be used where
two layers are placed beneath leveling course. For heavy-duty applications, consult highway
department requirements and revise to suit Project. See Evaluations.
First option in first paragraph below is for light-traffic uses; second is for heavy-duty applications.
Delete paragraph if subbase is not required.
A. Graded Aggregate for Subbase: Sound, crushed stone or gravel complying with
[ASTM D 448 for Size No. 57] [ASTM D 2940, subbase material] [requirements in
Section 312000 "Earth Moving" for subbase material].
First option in first paragraph below is for light-traffic uses; second is for heavy-duty applications.
321400 - 23
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DIVISION 32
B. Graded Aggregate for Base: Sound, crushed stone or gravel complying with [ASTM D 448
for Size No. 8] [ASTM D 2940, base material] [requirements in Section 312000 "Earth
Moving"for base course].
Revise first paragraph below to ASTM C 144 for leveling course less than 1 inch (25 mm) thick.
C. Sand for Leveling Course: Sound, sharp, washed, natural sand or crushed stone complying
with gradation requirements in ASTM C 33 for fine aggregate.
Usually retain paragraph above and delete first paragraph below. See Evaluations.
D. Stone Screenings for Leveling Course: Sound stone screenings complying with
ASTM D 448 for Size No. 10.
E. Sand for Joints: Fine, sharp, washed, natural sand or crushed stone with 100 percent
passing 1.18-mm sieve and no more than 10 percent passing 0.075-mm sieve.
Retain subparagraph below if a particular color is required.
1. Provide sand of color needed to produce required joint color.
Retain first paragraph below if separation geotextile is used between subgrade and aggregate setting
bed. Revise to suit Project. Project's geotechnical report may include recommendations. See the
Evaluations in Section 312000 "Earth Moving."
F. Separation Geotextile: Woven geotextile fabric, manufactured for separation applications;

made from polyolefins or polyesters, with elongation less than 50 percent; complying with
AASHTO M 288 and the following, measured per test methods referenced:
Survivability in first subparagraph below is the rating of a geotextile's ability to withstand installation
stresses and is divided into three classes by AASHTO M 288. Class 2 is the default class
recommended by AASHTO M 288 for separation geotextile applications.
1. Survivability: Class 2, AASHTO M 288.
Requirements in three subparagraphs below are default values in AASHTO M 288 for Class 2
separation geotextiles.
2. Apparent Opening Size: 0.250-mm sieve, maximum; ASTM D 4751.
3. Permittivity: 0.02 per second, minimum; ASTM D 4491.
4. UV Stability: 50 percent after 500 hours' exposure, ASTM D 4355.
Retain first paragraph below if nonwoven geotextile is used between aggregate base and leveling
course. Performance requirements in AASHTO M 288 have been widely adopted by geotextile
manufacturers and are repeated below. Project's geotechnical report may include recommendations.
G. Drainage Geotextile: Nonwoven needle-punched geotextile fabric, manufactured for

subsurface drainage applications, made from polyolefins or polyesters; with elongation
greater than 50 percent; complying with AASHTO M 288 and the following, measured per
test methods referenced:
Retain first subparagraph below if AASHTO M 288 survivability classification is required.

Survivability is the rating of a geotextile's ability to withstand installation stresses and is divided into
three classes by AASHTO M 288. Class 2 is the default class recommended by AASHTO M 288 for
subsurface drainage applications. Revise to Class 1 if higher strength is required or Class 3 if lower
strength is permitted.
321400 - 24
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1. Survivability: Class 2, AASHTO M 288.
2. Apparent Opening Size: 0.425-mm sieve, maximum; ASTM D 4751.
3. Permittivity: 0.5 per second, minimum; ASTM D 4491.
4. UV Stability: 50 percent after 500 hours' exposure, ASTM D 4355.
H. Herbicide: Commercial chemical for weed control, registered with the EPA. Provide in
granular, liquid, or wettable powder form.
2.15 BITUMINOUS SETTING-BED MATERIALS
Retain this article for bituminous setting-bed applications.
First paragraph below is used to prime bases (concrete slab or binder course) under paving for
vehicular traffic. Delete if not required.
A. Primer for Base: ASTM D 2028, cutback asphalt, grade as recommended by unit paver
manufacturer.
B. Fine Aggregate for Setting Bed: ASTM D 1073, No. 2 or No. 3.
C. Asphalt Cement: ASTM D 3381, Viscosity Grade AC-10 or Grade AC-20.
D. Neoprene-Modified Asphalt Adhesive: Paving manufacturer's standard adhesive consisting

of oxidized asphalt combined with 2 percent neoprene and 10 percent long-fibered mineral
fibers containing no asbestos.
E. Sand for Joints: Fine, sharp, washed, natural sand or crushed stone with 100 percent
passing 1.18-mm sieve and no more than 10 percent passing 0.075-mm sieve.
Retain subparagraph below if a particular color is required.
1. Provide sand of color needed to produce required joint color.
2.16 MORTAR SETTING-BED MATERIALS
Retain this article if cement-bed or grout applications are required.
A. Regional Materials: Provide aggregate[, cement, and lime] for mortar that has been
extracted, harvested, or recovered, as well as manufactured, within 800 km of Project site.
B. Portland Cement: ASTM C 150, Type I or Type II.
Delete first paragraph below if latex-modified portland cement mortar mix is specified for setting bed.
C. Hydrated Lime: ASTM C 207, Type SDo not use lime.
Revise first paragraph below for latex-modified portland cement mortar bed if latex-additive
manufacturer requires coarser aggregate complying with ASTM C 33.
D. Sand: ASTM C 144.
321400 - 25
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Retain first paragraph below for thickset applications if latex additive is required to improve
flexibility and other properties of mortar setting bed or if latex additive is used for mortar-bed bond
coat.
E. Latex Additive:: [Manufacturer's standard] Acrylic resin or styrene-butadiene-rubber

water emulsion, serving as replacement for part or all of gaging water, of type specifically
recommended by latex-additive manufacturer for use with field-mixed portland cement and
aggregate mortar bed, and not containing a retarder.
F. Pre-Packaged Portland Cement Mix: Pre-Packaged blend of portland cement complying

with ASTM C 150, Type I or Type III. Properties shall be as follows:
1. Compressive strength at 28 days of 5 MPa (minimum cement sand ratio 1:3-4 by vol-
ume). Use plasticiser as per manufacturer’s printed recommendations
2.17 [Acrylic resin] [or ] [styrene-butadiene-rubber] water emulsion, serving as replacement for
part or all of gaging water, of type specifically recommended by latex-additive manufacturer
for use with field-mixed portland cement and aggregate mortar bed, and not containing a
retarder.
2.18 Product in first paragraph below can be used for bond coat.
A. Thinset Mortar: Latex-modified portland cement mortar complying with ANSI A118.4.
Thinset Mortar specified here can be used for bond coat.
See Editing Instruction No. 1 in the Evaluations for cautions about naming manufacturers. Retain one
of first two subparagraphs and list of manufacturers below. See Section 016000 "Product
Requirements."

Retain option in first subparagraph below if manufacturer's name and model number are indicated in
schedules or plans on Drawings; delete option and insert manufacturer's name and model number if
not included on Drawings.
2. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide
[product indicated on Drawings] <Insert manufacturer's name; product name
or designation> or comparable product by one of the following:
a. Boiardi ProductsBoiardi Products; a QEP company.

b. Bostik, IncBostik, Inc.
c. C-CureC-Cure.
d. Custom Building ProductsCustom Building Products.
e. Jamo IncJamo Inc.
f. Laticrete International, IncLaticrete International, Inc.
g. MAPEI CorporationMAPEI Corporation.
h. Mer-Krete System, ParexLahabra, IncMer-Krete System, ParexLahabra, Inc.
i. ProSpec.
j. Southern Grouts & Mortars, IncSouthern Grouts & Mortars, Inc.
k. Summitville Tiles, IncSummitville Tiles, Inc.
l. TEC, Specialty Construction Brands, Inc TEC, Specialty Construction Brands,
Inc.
321400 - 26
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DIVISION 32
m. <Insert manufacturer's name>.
Retain one of two subparagraphs below or delete both and allow Contractor to select type of mortar.
3. Provide prepackaged, dry-mortar mix containing dry, redispersible, vinyl acetate or

acrylic additive to which only water must be added at Project site.
4. Provide prepackaged, dry-mortar mix combined with [acrylic resin] [or ] [styrene-
butadiene-rubber] liquid-latex additive at Project site.
B. Aggregate: ASTM C 144; except for joints narrower than 6 mm and pointing mortar, use
aggregate graded with 100 percent passing 1.18-mm sieve.
C. Water where needed: Potable.
Retain paragraph below if reinforced mortar bed is required. See Evaluations.
D. Reinforcing Wire Fabric: Galvanized, welded wire fabric, 50.8 by 50.8 mm by 1.57 mm in
diameter; comply with ASTM A 185/A 185M and ASTM A 82/A 82M except for minimum
wire size.
2.19 GROUT MATERIALS
Retain this article if Project includes grouted joints.
A. Regional Materials: Provide aggregate[ and cement] for grout that has been extracted,
harvested, or recovered, as well as manufactured, within 800 km of Project site.
Grout in first paragraph below is a Project-site mix of portland cement and fine sand; delete if only
factory-prepared products are allowed.
B. Sand-Portland Cement Grout: ANSI A108.10, composed of white or gray cement and white
or colored aggregate as required to produce color indicated.
Retain subparagraph below if job-mixed pigmented grout is used. See Evaluations.
1. Colored Mortar Pigments for Grout: Natural and synthetic iron and chromium
oxides, compounded for use in mortar and grout mixes. Use only pigments that have
proved, through testing and experience, to be satisfactory for use in portland cement
grout.
Retain one of first two paragraphs below if packaged grout is used instead of job-mixed grout.
C. Standard Cement Grout: ANSI A118.6, sanded.
of two subparagraphs and list of manufacturers below. See Section 016000 "Product Requirements."

321400 - 27
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DIVISION 32
Retain option in subparagraph below if manufacturer's name and model number are indicated in
a. Boiardi Products; a QEP company.

b. Bostik, Inc.
c. C-Cure.
d. Custom Building Products.
e. Jamo Inc.
f. Laticrete International, Inc.
g. MAPEI Corporation.
h. Mer-Krete System, ParexLahabra, Inc.
i. ProSpec.
j. Southern Grouts & Mortars, Inc.
k. Summitville Tiles, Inc.
l. TEC, Specialty Construction Brands, Inc.
D. Polymer-Modified Tile Grout: ANSI A118.7, unsanded for joints 3 mm and narrower and
sanded for joints wider than 3 mm.
of first two subparagraphs and list of manufacturers below. See Section 016000 "Product
Requirements."

Retain option in first subparagraph below if manufacturer's name and model number are indicated in
a. Boiardi ProductsBoiardi Products; a QEP company.

b. Bostik, IncBostik, Inc.
c. C-CureC-Cure.
d. Custom Building ProductsCustom Building Products.
e. Jamo IncJamo Inc.
f. Laticrete International, IncLaticrete International, Inc.
g. MAPEI CorporationMAPEI Corporation.
h. ProSpec.
i. ProSpec.
j. Southern Grouts & Mortars, IncSouthern Grouts & Mortars, Inc.
k. Summitville Tiles, IncSummitville Tiles, Inc.
l. TEC, Specialty Construction Brands, Inc TEC, Specialty Construction Brands,
Inc.
Retain one of two subparagraphs below, or delete both and allow Contractor to select type of grout.
321400 - 28
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DIVISION 32
3. Polymer Type: Ethylene-vinyl acetate or acrylic additive in dry, redispersible form;
prepackaged with other dry ingredients.
4. Polymer Type: [Acrylic resin] [or ] [styrene-butadiene rubber] in liquid-latex

form for addition to prepackaged dry-grout mix.
E. Grout Colors:: [As indicated by manufacturer's designations] [Match Architect's

samples] [As selected by Architect Engineer from manufacturer's full range] <Insert
color>.
Retain paragraph below for job-mixed grout and prepackaged grout formulations that only require
adding water.
F. Water where needed: Potable.
2.20 ADHESIVE
A. Adhesive where indicated: Provide adhesive instead of mortar where indicated and required
as instructed by Engineer during the execution of the works to comply with requirements
specified below:
1. Two-component adhesive composed of a special hydraulic binder and silica sand

(part A) and a synthetic rubber latex (part B).
2. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, available product that may be
incorporated into the Work include, but is not limited to, the following:
a. Mapei; Granirapid.
3. Performance Properties: In compliance with European Standard EN 12004 as C2FSI

and American Standard ANSI 118.4 - 1999:
a. Product Identity - Part A:
1) Consistency: white or grey powder.

2) Bulk density (g/cm³): 1.3.
3) Dry solids content (%): 100.
b. Product Identity - Part B:
1) Consistency: Thick liquid

2) Color: Greenish white.
3) Density (g/cm³): 1.01.
4) pH: 10.
5) Dry solids content (%): 21.
6) Brookfield viscosity (mPa·s): 40.
c. Application Data at +23 ºC – 50 % R.H.:
1) Emicode: EC1 R Plus - very low emission.

2) Mix Ratio:
a) White: Part A: 18 kg + Part B: 4.4 kg.

b) Grey: Part A: 20 kg + Part B: 4.4 kg.
3) Consistency of mix: Creamy paste.
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4) Density of mix (Kg/m³): 1600.
5) pH of mix: approx. 11
6) Application temperature range: From +5 ºC to +30 ºC.
7) Pot life of mix: 45 mins.
8) Open time (according to EN 1346): Approx 20 mins.
9) Setting time: Approx. 2 hours.
10) Grouting: After 3 hours.
11) Set to light traffic: After 3-4 hours.
12) Ready for use: After 24 hours (3 days for basins and swimming pool)
d. Final Performances:
1) Tensile adhesion strength according to EN 1348 (N/mm²):
a) Initial (after 28 days): 2.5.

b) After heating: 2.2.
c) After water immersion: 1.3.
d) After freeze/thaw cycles: 1.4
2) Flexural strength (N/mm²):
a) After 24 hours: 3.0

b) After 7 days: 5.0.
c) After 28 days: 6.0.
3) Compressive strength (N/mm²):
a) After 24 hours: 10.0.

b) After 7 days: 17.0.
c) After 28 days: 20.0.
4) Resistance to acids: Fair.

5) Resistance to a alkalis: Excellent.
6) Resistance to solvents: Excellent
7) Temperature when in use: From -30 ºC to +90 ºC.
2.21 STONE FACING ACCESSORIES
A. Setting Shims: Strips of resilient plastic or vulcanized neoprene, Type A Shore durometer
hardness of 50 to 70, nonstaining to stone, of thickness and depth needed without intruding
into required depths of pointing materials.
B. Setting Buttons: Resilient plastic buttons, nonstaining to stone, sized to suit joint
thicknesses and bed depths of stone units without intruding into required depths of pointing
materials.
C. Concealed Sheet Metal Flashing: Fabricate from stainless steel in thicknesses indicated, but
not less than 0.4 mm thick.
1. At Contractor's option, fabricate flashing from lead for installation in locations where
flashing rests on continuous members.
D. Water Repellents: Comply with requirements specified in Division 07 Section "Water

Repellents".
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E. Waterproofing in Water Features: Refer to Division 07 Section "EPDM sheet
waterproofing".
F. Sealants for Joints in Dimension Stone Cladding: Manufacturer's standard chemically

curing, elastomeric sealants of base polymer and characteristics indicated below that comply
with applicable requirements in Division 07 Section "Joint Sealants" and do not stain stone.
1. Multicomponent, nonsag, non staining (acid-free and approved for porous surfaces)
urethane sealant.
2. Colors of exposed sealants:
a. Provide color as selected by Engineer from manufacturer's full range.
G. Sealant for Filling Kerfs: Same sealant used for joints in dimension stone.
2.22 BITUMINOUS SETTING-BED MIX
A. Mix bituminous setting-bed materials at an asphalt plant in approximate proportion, by

weight, of 7 percent asphalt cement to 93 percent fine aggregate unless otherwise indicated.
Heat mixture to 149 deg C.
2.23 MORTAR AND GROUT MIXES
Revise article title if mortar is used but not grout. Coordinate with materials and products retained in
articles specifying mortar setting-bed and joint materials and their installation.
A. General: Comply with referenced standards and with manufacturers' written instructions for
mix proportions, mixing equipment, mixer speeds, mixing containers, mixing times, and
other procedures needed to produce setting-bed and joint materials of uniform quality and
with optimum performance characteristics. Discard mortars and grout if they have reached
their initial set before being used.
1. Do not use admixtures, including pigments, air-entraining agents, accelerators,

retarders, water-repellent agents, antifreeze compounds, or other admixtures, unless
otherwise indicated. Do not use calcium chloride.
2. Combine and thoroughly mix cementitious materials, water, and aggregates in a
mechanical batch mixer, unless otherwise indicated. Discard mortar when it has
reached initial set.
B. Pre-blended, Dry Mortar Mix for stone facing and where indicated: Furnish dry mortar in -
gredients in the form of a pre-blended mix. Measure quantities by weight to ensure accurate
proportions, and thoroughly blend ingredients before delivering to Project site. Comply
with ASTM C 270 Property Specification:
1. Wet mix life: < 1.5 hours

2. Initial adhesion at 28 days: > 0.3 N/mm2
3. Bending strength: Approximately 1 N/mm2
4. Compressive strength: not less than 5 1 N/mm2 when tested to
ASTM C 109/C 109M.
5. Cement Sand Mix: 1 part cement to 3-4 parts sand, by weight.
321400 - 31
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2.24 Retain first paragraph below if mortar bed is installed directly over concrete. Latex additive
can be used with either latex-modified or unmodified, portland cement-lime setting-bed
mortar; water should be used only with unmodified, portland cement-lime setting-bed
mortar.
A. Mortar-Bed Bond Coat: Mix neat cement and [latex additive] [water] to a creamy consis-
tency.
Retain one of first two paragraphs below. Use of latex-modified, portland cement mortar can make
curing times undesirably long. See Evaluations.
B. Portland Cement-Lime Setting-Bed Mortar: Type M complying with ASTM C 270,

Proportion Specification.
C. Latex-Modified, Portland Cement Setting-Bed Mortar: Proportion and mix portland

cement, sand, and latex additive for setting bed to comply with written instructions of latex-
additive manufacturer and as necessary to produce stiff mixture with a moist surface when
bed is ready to receive pavers.
Retain one of first two paragraphs below with either latex-modified, portland cement setting-bed
mortar or portland cement-lime setting-bed mortar.
D. Latex-Modified, Portland Cement Bond Coat: Proportion and mix portland cement,
aggregate, and liquid latex for bond coat to comply with written instructions of liquid-latex
manufacturer.
E. Thinset Mortar Bond Coat: Proportion and mix thinset mortar ingredients according to
manufacturer's written instructions.
F. Pointing Mortar: Comply with ASTM C 270, Proportion Specification, Type S. Provide
pointing mortar mixed to match Architect's sample and complying with the following:
1. Packaged Portland Cement Mix Mortar: Use portland cement-mix of selected color.
G. Job-Mixed Portland Cement Grout where needed: Proportion and mix job-mixed portland
cement and aggregate grout to match setting-bed mortar except omit hydrated lime and use
enough water to produce a pourable mixture.
Retain one of two subparagraphs below with paragraph above for job-mixed colored grout.
1. Pigmented Grout: Select and proportion pigments with other ingredients to produce
color required. Do not exceed pigment-to-cement ratio of 1 to 10, by weight.
2. Colored-Aggregate Grout: Produce color required by combining colored aggregates
with portland cement of selected color.
H. Packaged Grout Mix: Proportion and mix grout ingredients according to grout
manufacturer's written instructions.
2.25 SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL
A. Source Quality-Control Testing Service: Engage a qualified independent testing agency to

perform source quality-control testing indicated below.
1. Retesting of materials that fail to meet specified requirements shall be done at

Contractor's expense.
321400 - 32
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2. Furnish test specimens selected by testing agency from same blocks as actual
materials proposed for incorporation into the Work.
3. Flexural Strength Tests: ASTM C 880, performed on specimens of same thickness,
orientation of cut, and finish as installed stone. One set of test specimens is required
to be tested for every 300 sq. m, but not fewer than 2 sets for each stone variety.
4. Anchorage Tests: ASTM C 1354, performed on specimens representative of mini-
mum thickness and finish of installed stone. One set of test specimens will be re-
quired for each combination of stone variety, finish, and anchor type.
B. Testing agency will report test results in writing to Engineer and Contractor.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 EXAMINATION
Coordinate conditions required by Work of this Section with requirements in Section where substrate
is specified. Delete this article if aggregate setting-bed method is used.
A. Examine areas indicated to receive paving, with Installer present, for compliance with
requirements for installation tolerances and other conditions affecting performance.
B. Where pavers are to be installed over waterproofing, examine waterproofing installation,

with waterproofing Installer present, for protection from paving operations, including areas
where waterproofing system is turned up or flashed against vertical surfaces.
C. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected[ and
waterproofing protection is in place].
3.2 PREPARATION
Coordinate first paragraph below with the Section that specifies concrete substrate. Include a
requirement in that Section that forbids use of curing and sealing compounds on surfaces to be
covered by unit pavers set in mortar.
A. Remove substances from concrete substrates that could impair mortar bond, including
curing and sealing compounds, form oil, and laitance.
Retain paragraph above and first paragraph below for concrete slabs under unit pavers. Retain
paragraph above if pavers are set in mortar.
B. Sweep concrete substrates to remove dirt, dust, debris, and loose particles.
Retain paragraph below for aggregate setting-bed applications where paving will be subjected to
heavy traffic if subgrade compaction is specified in Section 312000 "Earth Moving." Delete if
subgrade compaction is specified in this Section.
C. Proof-roll prepared subgrade according to requirements in Section 312000 "Earth Moving"

to identify soft pockets and areas of excess yielding. Proceed with unit paver installation
only after deficient subgrades have been corrected and are ready to receive [subbase and
base] [base] course for unit pavers.
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3.3 EXTERIOR STONE PAVERS INSTALLATION, GENERAL
A. Do not use unit stone pavers with chips, cracks, voids, discolorations, or other defects that
might be visible or cause staining in finished work.
B. Mix pavers from several pallets or cubes, as they are placed, to produce uniform blend of
colors and textures.
C. Cut unit stone pavers with motor-driven masonry saw equipment to provide clean, sharp,
unchipped edges. Cut stone units to provide pattern indicated and to fit adjoining work
neatly. Use full stone units without cutting where possible. Hammer cutting is not
acceptable.
1. For concrete pavers, a block splitter may be used.
D. Handle protective-coated brick pavers to prevent coated surfaces from contacting backs or
edges of other units. If, despite these precautions, coating does contact bonding surfaces of
brick, remove coating from bonding surfaces before setting brick.
Retain one of six options in first paragraph below or revise to suit Project. Patterns are not applicable
to all paver shapes.
E. Joint Pattern: [Running bond] [Herringbone] [Basket weave] [Grid] [As indicated]
[Match and continue existing unit paver joint pattern].
Retain first paragraph below if pavers are used over waterproofing.
F. Pavers over Waterproofing: Exercise care in placing pavers and setting materials over
waterproofing so protection materials are not displaced and waterproofing is not punctured
or otherwise damaged. Carefully replace protection materials that become displaced and
arrange for repair of damaged waterproofing before covering with paving.
Joint filler in subparagraph below will protect waterproofing against pavers and will form an
expansion joint.
1. Provide joint filler at waterproofing that is turned up on vertical surfaces[ unless

otherwise indicated; where unfilled joints are indicated, provide temporary filler
or protection until paver installation is complete].
Retain one of two "Tolerances" paragraphs below. Retain first for smooth pavers where slopes to
drains are critical; retain second when nominal control of paving surface is acceptable.
G. Tolerances: Do not exceed 0.8-mm unit-to-unit offset from flush (lippage) nor 3 mm in 3
m from level, or indicated slope, for finished surface of paving.
Retain option in "Tolerances" Paragraph below only for smooth, flat pavers.
H. Tolerances: Do not exceed[ 1.6-mm unit-to-unit offset from flush (lippage) nor 3 mm in
600 mm and] 6 mm in 3 m from level, or indicated slope, for finished surface of paving.
Retain one of two "Expansion and Control Joints" paragraphs below if joints are required.
I. Expansion and Control Joints: Provide for sealant-filled joints at locations and of widths
indicated. Provide compressible foam filler as backing for sealant-filled joints[ unless
otherwise indicated; where unfilled joints are indicated, provide temporary filler until
321400 - 34
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DIVISION 32
paver installation is complete]. Install joint filler before setting pavers. Sealant materials
and installation are specified in Division 07 Section 079200 "Joint Sealants."
J. Expansion and Control Joints: Provide cork joint filler at locations and of widths indicated.
Install joint filler before setting pavers. Make top of joint filler flush with top of pavers.
Retain first paragraph below if applicable; revise to suit Project. Aggregate and bituminous setting-
bed applications in areas without surrounding walls require edge restraints.
K. Provide edge restraints as indicated. Install edge restraints before placing unit pavers.
Retain first subparagraph below if plastic or metal edge restraints are retained in Part 2. If job-built
edge restraints are required, indicate details on Drawings.
1. Install edge restraints to comply with manufacturer's written instructions. Install

stakes at intervals required to hold edge restraints in place during and after unit paver
installation.
Retain first subparagraph below for metal edge restraints.

2. For metal edge restraints with top edge exposed, drive stakes at least 25 mm below
top edge.
Retain first subparagraph below for job-built concrete edge restraints; delete if specified in another
Section.
3. Install job-built concrete edge restraints to comply with requirements in
Section 033000 "Cast-in-Place Concrete."
Retain one of two subparagraphs below and detail on Drawings if pavers set in mortar or embedded in
concrete are used as edge restraints for aggregate-set pavers.
4. Where pavers set in mortar bed are indicated as edge restraints for pavers set in
aggregate setting bed, install pavers set in mortar and allow mortar to cure before
placing aggregate setting bed and remainder of pavers. Cut off mortar bed at a steep
angle so it will not interfere with aggregate setting bed.
5. Where pavers embedded in concrete are indicated as edge restraints for pavers set in
aggregate setting bed, install pavers embedded in concrete and allow concrete to cure
before placing aggregate setting bed and remainder of pavers. Hold top of concrete
below aggregate setting bed.
Retain paragraph below if steps surfaced with pavers are required.
L. Provide steps made of pavers as indicated. Install paver steps before installing adjacent
pavers.
Retain subparagraph below and detail on Drawings if pavers set in mortar are used as steps with
aggregate-set pavers.
1. Where pavers set in mortar bed are indicated for steps constructed adjacent to pavers
set in aggregate setting bed, install steps and allow mortar to cure before placing
aggregate setting bed and remainder of pavers. Cut off mortar bed at a steep angle so
it will not interfere with aggregate setting bed.
321400 - 35
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3.4 EXTERIOR STONE FACING INSTALLATION, GENERAL
A. Before setting stone clean surfaces that are dirty or stained by removing soil, stains, and
foreign materials. Clean stone by thoroughly scrubbing with fiber brushes and then
drenching with clear water. Use only mild cleaning compounds that contain no caustic or
harsh materials or abrasives.
B. Waterproofing: Apply waterproofing to comply with requirements specified in Division 07

Sections.
C. Water Repellents: Apply water repellents to stone facing to comply with requirements
specified in Division 07 Section "Water Repellents".
D. Execute exterior stone facing installation by skilled mechanics and employ skilled stone
fitters at Project site to do necessary field cutting as stone is set. Use power saws with
diamond blades to cut stone. Produce lines cut straight and true, with edges eased slightly
to prevent snipping.
E. Contiguous Work: Provide reveals, reglets, and openings as required to accommodate

contiguous work.
F. Set stone facing to comply with requirements indicated on Drawings and Shop Drawings.
Install anchors, supports, fasteners, and other attachments indicated or necessary to secure
dimension stone cladding in place. Shim and adjust anchors, supports, and accessories to
set stone accurately in locations indicated with uniform joints of widths indicated and with
edges and faces aligned according to established relationships and indicated tolerances.
G. Provide expansion, control, and pressure-relieving joints of widths and at locations

indicated.
1. Sealing expansion and other joints is specified in Division 07 Section "Joint

Sealants."
2. Keep expansion joints free of mortar and other rigid materials.
H. Install concealed flashing at continuous shelf angles, lintels, ledges, and similar obstructions
to downward flow of water to divert water to exterior.
3.5 AGGREGATE SETTING-BED APPLICATIONS
Retain first paragraph below if compaction is not covered in Section 312000 "Earth Moving."
Coordinate with that Section to ensure that compaction for subgrade under concrete pavers is
correctly specified. Compaction below is an example only; revise to suit Project.
A. Compact soil subgrade uniformly to at least [95] <Insert number> percent of

[ASTM D 698] [ASTM D 1557] laboratory density.
If retaining paragraph above, retain first paragraph below for aggregate setting-bed applications where
paving will be subjected to heavy traffic. Delete below if deleting paragraph above.
B. Proof-roll prepared subgrade to identify soft pockets and areas of excess yielding. Excavate
soft spots, unsatisfactory soils, and areas of excessive pumping or rutting, as determined by
Architect, and replace with compacted backfill or fill as directed.
321400 - 36
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Revise overlap in first paragraph below to 24 or 36 inches (600 or 900 mm) for weak subgrade soils.
Delete if geotextile is not required.
C. Place separation geotextile over prepared subgrade, overlapping ends and edges at least 300
mm.
D. Place aggregate[ subbase and] base, compact by tamping with plate vibrator, and screed to
depth indicated.
Retain paragraph above or first paragraph below, or delete both if subbase and base are specified in
another Section. Retain above for light-traffic uses; retain below for heavy-duty applications. Delete
subbase if not required. Compaction below is an example only, although 100 percent compaction is
usually easily achieved with highly granular materials used for base and subbase; revise to suit
Project. ASTM D 1557 is generally used instead of ASTM D 698 for highly granular material when
maximum compaction is required.
E. Place aggregate[ subbase and] base, compact to 100 percent of ASTM D 1557 maximum
laboratory density, and screed to depth indicated.
Retain first paragraph below for open-graded base course material to prevent leveling course from
washing into subbase or base course.
F. Place drainage geotextile over compacted base course, overlapping ends and edges at least
300 mm.
G. Place leveling course and screed to a thickness of 25 to 38 mm, taking care that moisture
content remains constant and density is loose and uniform until pavers are set and
compacted.
H. Treat leveling course with herbicide to inhibit growth of grass and weeds.
I. Set pavers with a minimum joint width of 1.5 mm and a maximum of 3 mm, being careful
not to disturb leveling base. If pavers have spacer bars, place pavers hand tight against
spacer bars. Use string lines to keep straight lines. Fill gaps between units that exceed [ 10
mm] <Insert dimension> with pieces cut to fit from full-size unit pavers.
1. When installation is performed with mechanical equipment, use only unit pavers with
spacer bars on sides of each unit.
Revise first paragraph below for pavers installed over waterproofing if required.
J. Vibrate pavers into leveling course with a low-amplitude plate vibrator capable of a 16- to
22-kN compaction force at 80 to 90 Hz. Use vibrator with neoprene mat on face of plate or
other means as needed to prevent cracking and chipping of pavers. Perform at least three
passes across paving with vibrator.
1. Compact pavers when there is sufficient surface to accommodate operation of

vibrator, leaving at least 900 mm of uncompacted pavers adjacent to temporary
edges.
2. Before ending each day's work, compact installed concrete pavers except for 900 mm
width of uncompacted pavers adjacent to temporary edges (laying faces).
3. As work progresses to perimeter of installation, compact installed pavers that are
adjacent to permanent edges unless they are within 90 mm of laying face.
321400 - 37
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4. Before ending each day's work and when rain interrupts work, cover pavers that have
not been compacted and cover leveling course on which pavers have not been placed
with nonstaining plastic sheets to protect them from rain.
K. Spread dry sand and fill joints immediately after vibrating pavers into leveling course.
Vibrate pavers and add sand until joints are completely filled, then remove excess sand.
Leave a slight surplus of sand on the surface for joint filling.
L. Do not allow traffic on installed pavers until sand has been vibrated into joints.
M. Repeat joint-filling process 30 days later.
3.6 BITUMINOUS SETTING-BED APPLICATIONS
Retain this article for asphalt block or brick set with bituminous setting bed.
First paragraph below may be deleted if paving is not subject to vehicular traffic.
A. Apply primer to concrete slab or binder course immediately before placing setting bed.
B. Prepare for setting-bed placement by locating 19-mm-deep control bars approximately

3.3 m apart and parallel to one another, to serve as guides for striking board. Adjust bars to
subgrades required for accurate setting of paving units to finished grades indicated.
C. Place bituminous setting bed where indicated, in panels, by spreading bituminous material
between control bars. Spread mix at a minimum temperature of 121 deg C. Strike setting
bed smooth, firm, even, and not less than 19 mm thick. Add fresh bituminous material to
low, porous spots after each pass of striking board. After each panel is completed, advance
first control bar to next position in readiness for striking adjacent panels. Carefully fill
depressions that remain after removing depth-control bars.
1. Roll setting bed with power roller to a nominal depth of 19 mm. Adjust thickness as
necessary to allow accurate setting of unit pavers to finished grades indicated.
Complete rolling before mix temperature cools to 85 deg C.
Retain subparagraph above and first paragraph below for asphalt-block paving subject to vehicular
traffic and for brick paving regardless of traffic.
D. Apply neoprene-modified asphalt adhesive to cold setting bed by squeegeeing or troweling

to a uniform thickness of 1.6 mm. Proceed with setting of paving units only after adhesive
is tacky and surface is dry to touch.
E. Place pavers carefully by hand in straight courses, maintaining accurate alignment and
uniform top surface. Protect newly laid pavers with plywood panels on which workers can
stand. Advance protective panels as work progresses, but maintain protection in areas
subject to continued movement of materials and equipment to avoid creating depressions or
disrupting alignment of pavers. If additional leveling of paving is required, and before
treating joints, roll paving with power roller after sufficient heat has built up in the surface
from several days of hot weather.
F. Joint Treatment: Place unit pavers with hand-tight joints. Fill joints by sweeping sand over
paved surface until joints are filled. Remove excess sand after joints are filled.
321400 - 38
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3.7 MORTAR SETTING-BED APPLICATIONS FOR EXTERIOR STONE PAVERS
Retain this article for pavers set in either portland cement-lime or latex-modified, portland cement
mortar.
A. Saturate concrete subbase with clean water several hours before placing setting bed.
Remove surface water about one hour before placing setting bed.
B. Apply mortar-bed bond coat over surface of concrete subbase about 15 minutes before
placing mortar bed. Limit area of bond coat to avoid its drying out before placing setting
bed. Do not exceed 1.6-mm thickness for bond coat.
C. Apply mortar bed over bond coat; spread and screed mortar bed to uniform thickness at
subgrade elevations required for accurate setting of pavers to finished grades indicated.
Delete paragraph above or first two paragraphs below. Retain above if reinforcing wire is not used;
retain below if reinforcing wire is used.
D. Place reinforcing wire over concrete subbase, lapped at joints by at least one full mesh and
supported so mesh becomes embedded in the middle of mortar bed. Hold edges back from
vertical surfaces approximately 13 mm.
E. Place mortar bed with reinforcing wire fully embedded in middle of mortar bed. Spread and
screed mortar bed to uniform thickness at subgrade elevations required for accurate setting
of pavers to finished grades indicated.
F. Mix and place only that amount of mortar bed that can be covered with pavers before initial
set. Before placing pavers, cut back, bevel edge, and remove and discard setting-bed
material that has reached initial set.
Retain first paragraph below if brick pavers are used.
G. Wet brick pavers before laying if the initial rate of absorption exceeds 30 g/194 sq. cm per
minute when tested according to ASTM C 67. Allow units to absorb water so they are
damp but not wet at time of laying.
H. Place pavers before initial set of cement occurs. Immediately before placing pavers on
mortar bed, apply uniform 1.5-mm-thick bond coat to mortar bed or to back of each paver
with a flat trowel.
I. Tamp or beat pavers with a wooden block or rubber mallet to obtain full contact with setting
bed and to bring finished surfaces within indicated tolerances. Set each paver in a single
operation before initial set of mortar; do not return to areas already set or disturb pavers for
purposes of realigning finished surfaces or adjusting joints.
Joint widths in first paragraph below are examples only. Retain tolerance to suit manufacturing
tolerances of pavers; rough-stone pavers and Application PA brick pavers require large tolerances.
J. Spaced Joint Widths: Provide [10-mm] [13-mm] [19-mm] nominal joint width with
variations not exceeding plus or minus [1.5 mm] [3 mm] [4.5 mm] unless otherwise
indicated on drawings.
Retain three paragraphs below for grouted joints.
K. Grouted Joints: Grout paver joints complying with ANSI A108.10.
321400 - 39
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L. Grout joints as soon as possible after initial set of setting bed.
1. Force grout into joints, taking care not to smear grout on adjoining surfaces.
2. Clean pavers as grouting progresses by dry brushing or rubbing with dry burlap to
remove smears before tooling joints.
3. Tool exposed joints slightly concave when thumbprint hard, using a jointer larger
than joint thickness unless otherwise indicated.
4. If tooling squeezes grout from joints, remove excess grout and smears by dry
brushing or rubbing with dry burlap and tool joints again to produce a uniform
appearance.
M. Cure grout by maintaining in a damp condition for seven days unless otherwise
recommended by grout or liquid-latex manufacturer.
3.8 BALANCING TANK STONE COVER
A. Comply with manufacturer’s written instructions and requirements specified in Division 05

Section "Metal Fabrications".
3.9 INSTALLATION OF STONE WITH ADHESIVE WHERE INDICATED
A. Provide adhesive instead of mortar where indicated and required as instructed by Engineer
during the execution of the works. Installation to comply with the below requirements.
1. Tile Installation with adhesive over waterproofing on concrete:
a. Spread a thin coat of adhesive onto the substrate using the straight edge of the
trowel followed immediately by the correct thickness, using an appropriate
notched trowel.
b. Adhesive is to be additionally applied to the back of the tiles to ensure full
adhesion on the entire surface.
c. Open time in normal temperature and humidity conditions is about 20 minutes.
Unfavourable climatic conditions (strong sun, drying wind, high temperature,
etc.) or a highly absorbent substrate can reduce this time to just a few minutes.
d. Careful checks have to be made to ensure that a skin does not form on the
surface of the spread adhesive, which should stay "fresh". Wetting or priming
the substrate before applying the adhesive helps to prolong open time.
e. Should a skin form, the adhesive will have to be removed and fresh material
applied. It is not advisable to wet the adhesive with water when a skin has
formed because the water will often form a separating layer.
f. Tiles laid with adhesive must not be washed or exposed to rain for at least 3-4
hours and must be protected from strong sunlight for at least 12 hours after
laying.
g. Joints can be grouted after 3 hours with polymer-modified water resistant grout
as follows:
1) Polymer-modified sanded grout, ANSI A118.7, joints > 3 mm.

2) Polymer-modified unsanded grout, ANSI A118.7, joints < 3 mm.
2. Expansion and control joints to be sealed with approved elastomeric sealant specified
in Division 07 Section "Joint Sealants."
321400 - 40
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DIVISION 32
3.10 SETTING EXTERIOR STONE FACING WITH MECHANICAL ANCHORS
A. Attach anchors securely to stone and to backup surfaces. Comply with recommendations in
ASTM C 1242.
B. Provide compressible filler in ends of dowel holes and bottoms of kerfs to prevent end
bearing of dowels and anchor tabs on stone. Fill remainder of anchor holes and kerfs with
sealant indicated for filling kerfs.
C. Set stone supported on clips or continuous angles on resilient setting shims. Use material of
thickness required to maintain uniform joint widths and to prevent point loading of stone on
anchors. Hold shims back from face of stone a distance at least equal to width of joint.
3.11 SETTING EXTERIOR STONE FACING WITH MORTAR AND MECHANICAL

ANCHORS
A. Set exterior stone facing with mortar and mechanical anchors where indicated.
B. Set stone in full bed of mortar with head joints filled, unless otherwise indicated.
1. Use setting buttons of adequate size, in sufficient quantity, and of thickness required
to maintain uniform joint width and to prevent mortar from extruding. Hold buttons
back from face of stone a distance at least equal to width of joint, but not less than
depth of pointing materials.
2. Do not set heavy units or projecting courses until mortar in courses below has
hardened enough to resist being squeezed out of joint.
3. Support and brace projecting stones until wall above is in place and mortar has set.
4. Provide compressible filler in ends of dowel holes and bottoms of kerfs to prevent
end bearing of dowels and anchor tabs on stone. Fill remainder of anchor holes and
kerfs with mortar.
C. Fill space between back of stone units and backup wall solidly with mortar or grout.
D. Embed ends of sills in mortar; leave remainder of joint open until final pointing.
E. Rake out joints for pointing with mortar to depths of not less than 12 mm. Rake joints to
uniform depths with square bottoms and clean sides.
F. Prepare stone-joint surfaces for pointing with mortar by removing dust and mortar particles.
Where setting mortar was removed to depths greater than surrounding areas, apply first
layer of pointing mortar in layers not more than 10 mm until a uniform depth is formed.
G. Point stone joints by placing pointing mortar in layers not more than 10 mm. Compact each
layer thoroughly and allow to become thumbprint hard before applying next layer.
H. Tool joints with a round jointer having a diameter 3 mm larger than width of joint, when
pointing mortar is thumbprint hard.
I. Rake out mortar from sealant-pointed joints to depths of not less than 12 mm nor less than
that required for sealant and sealant backing. Rake joints to uniform depths with square
bottoms and clean sides.
J. Set the following dimension stone cladding with unfilled head joints for installing joint
sealants:
321400 - 41
UNIT PAVING
DIVISION 32
1. Cornices.
2. Copings.
3. Belt and other projecting courses.
3.12 JOINT-SEALANT INSTALLATION
A. Prepare joints and apply sealants of type and at locations indicated to comply with
applicable requirements in Division 07 Section "Joint Sealants."
3.13 AGGREGATE BALLAST (GRAVELS) INSTALLATION
A. Apply aggregate ballast uniformly over sheet membrane at the rate required by roofing sys -
tem manufacturer, but not less than the following, spreading with care to minimize possibil-
ity of damage to membrane. Lay ballast as membrane is installed, leaving roofing mem-
brane ballasted at the end of the workday. Leave seams unballasted until inspected by roof -
ing system manufacturer.
1. Ballast weight: Size 4 aggregate, 50 kg/sq.m.

2. Ballast Weight: Size 3 aggregate, 60 to 70 kg/sq. m at corners, at perimeter and else-
where.
3.14 REPAIRING, POINTING, AND CLEANING
A. Remove and replace unit stone pavers that are loose, chipped, broken, stained, or otherwise
damaged or that do not match adjoining stone units. Provide new units to match adjoining
units and install in same manner as original stone units, with same joint treatment and with
no evidence of replacement.
B. Pointing: During tooling of joints, enlarge voids or holes and completely fill with grout.
Point joints at sealant joints to provide a neat, uniform appearance, properly prepared for
sealant application.
C. Cleaning: Remove excess grout from exposed paver surfaces; wash and scrub clean.
Retain two subparagraphs below if applicable for brick pavers.
1. Remove temporary protective coating as recommended by coating manufacturer and

as acceptable to paver and grout manufacturers.
2. Do not allow protective coating to enter floor drains. Trap, collect, and remove
coating material.
END OF SECTION 32144100
321400 - 42
UNIT PAVING

Exterior Stone Paving and Facing

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DIVISION 32

SECTION 32144100 -- UNITEXTERIOR STONE PAVING AND FACING

Copyright 2011 by The American Institute of Architects (AIA)

SECTION 32144100 -- EXTERIOR STONE UNIT PAVING AND FACING

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

Retain or delete this article in all Sections of Project Manual.

Revise subparagraphs below to suit Project.

1. Brick pavers set in [aggregate] [bituminous] [and] [mortar] setting beds.

4. Exterior stone pavers set in [aggregate] [and] [mortar ] setting beds.

1. Division 03 Section "Miscellaneous Architectural Precast Concrete".

1.5 [Section 071326 "Self-Adhering Sheet Waterproofing"] [Section 071353 "Elastomeric

1.6 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

B. Structural Performance: Provide dimension stone cladding system capable of withstanding

C. Seismic Performance: Provide dimension stone cladding system capable of withstanding

1. Safety Factor for Basalt and Granite: 3.

H. Provision for Deflection of Building Structure: Allow for the following:

A. Preconstruction Adhesion and Compatibility Testing: Submit to latex-additive

1.8 ACTION SUBMITTALS

A. Product Data: For materials other than water and aggregates.

B. Product Data: For the following:

1.9 Edge restraints.

1.10 Precast concrete curbs.

1.11 Stone curbs.

1.12 LEED Submittals:

B. Sieve Analyses: For aggregate setting-bed materials, according to ASTM C 136.

C. Samples for Initial Selection: For the following:

1. Each type of stoneunit paver and stone facing indicated.

D. Samples for Verification:

F. Material Test Reports:

G. Preconstruction test reports.

H. Source quality-control reports.

1.16 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Installer Qualifications: A firm or individual experienced in installing exterior stone paving

C. Testing Agency Qualifications: An independent agency qualified according to

1. Build mockup of typical exterior stone paving about 2400 mm square.

a. Include typical components, attachments to backup structure, and methods of

B. Preinstallation Conference: Conduct conference at [Project site] <Insert location>.

1.18 PRECONSTRUCTION TESTING

A. Preconstruction Stone Testing: Engage a qualified independent testing agency to perform

1. Retesting of materials that fail to meet specified requirements shall be done at

B. Preconstruction Latex-Additive Adhesion and Compatibility Testing: Submit to latex-

C. Preconstruction Sealant Compatibility and Adhesion Testing: Submit to joint-sealant

1.19 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

Retain first paragraph below if liquid-latex compounds are used.

E. Store liquids in tightly closed containers protected from freezing.

Retain paragraph below if bituminous setting bed is used.

1.20 PROJECT CONDITIONS

B. Hot-Weather Protection: Comply with hot-weather construction and protection

1.21 Retain first paragraph below if bituminous setting bed is used.

1.22 Weather Limitations for Bituminous Setting Bed:

1.25 Retain paragraph below if mortar or grout is used.

A. Weather Limitations for Mortar and Grout:

1. Cold-Weather Requirements: Comply with cold-weather construction requirements

a. When ambient temperature exceeds 38 deg C, or when wind velocity exceeds

2.1 STONE, GENERAL

2.2 BRICK PAVERS

1. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, [provide products by one

a. <Insert, in separate subparagraphs, manufacturer's name>.

a. <Insert, in separate subparagraphs, manufacturer's name>.

2. Thickness: [57 mm] [67 mm] [As indicated] <Insert dimension>.

2.3 CONCRETE PAVERS

a. <Insert, in separate subparagraphs, manufacturer's name>.

2. Thickness: [60 mm] [80 mm] <Insert dimension>.