Chapter 5

Transportation

Re s o r t M a n a g e m e n t
Warm-up
• Which type of transportation do you prefer
when you travel? And why?
• What are different experiences of those
transportation?
• Identify if there are any special needs of
traveler can be met by different transportation.
 Tourism • Since tourism involves the movement of people from their
places of residence to the places of tourist attractions,
Transportation every tourist has to travel to reach the places of interest.
• Transport is, thus, one of the major components of the
tourism industry. To develop any place of tourist
attraction there have to be proper, efficient, and safe
modes of transportation.
Transportation • Tourists spend almost 30 to 40 percent of their total
holiday expenditure on transportation and the remaining
A Vital Role on food, accommodation, and other activities. This aspect
once again highlights the importance of transportation.
• A tourist can travel by a variety of means. The tourism
professional, as well as tourist, should be aware of the
various modes of transport available to reach the
destination and at the destination.
 Economic
Consideration

⚫ Transport is innovative, a global economic sector, an integral

part of the tourism system and a sector that is facing
increasing economic pressure from peak oil and from
environmentalists and legislators striving to reduce global
carbon emissions.
⚫ How the global transport system responds to these challenges
will determine the future ability of the global transport system
to sustain tourism at the levels it now operates.
⚫ Although access to global transport networks is an essential
prerequisite for destination development, analysis of transport
systems and services from a destination perspective has been
largely ignored in the tourism literature.
 Structure and Capacity

• The structure and capacity of the transport system

influences destination development in a number of ways
including:
• The ability to connect destinations with generating regions
• The number of visitors that can be transported to the
destination and at what cost
• The ability of the system to transport tourists to attractions
within the destination and to nearby areas
• And the capacity to carry freight and fuel
 Core Periphery Model

• It describes spatially how economic,

political, and cultural authority is spread
out in core and periphery regions.
• This relationship can be viewed from the
perspective of peripherality which is
defined by Cooper et al. (2005:795) as
areas away from the core.
• As the degree of peripherality increases
the cost of travel rises.
 Basic
Tourism System

• In its most basic form tourism is about a journey and includes:

places visited, activities undertaken, and the people
encountered during the period between leaving home and
returning home.
• Leiper (1990) encapsulated this relationship in a simple yet
elegant model of tourism.
• In the model, the transport system is shown as a transit zone.
• While simplistic the model is widely used to demonstrate the
role of transport within the larger tourism system.
A Basic Tourism System
 Role of
Transport
 Transport Cost Model

• The significance of the structure and capability of

the transport system becomes evident at the point
where the transition from one phase of growth to
the next commences.
• Expansion of transport infrastructure becomes a
critical factor in allowing the destination to gain
access to more distant markets.
• The transport cost model demonstrates the impact
that changes in transport costs have on demand for
travel to competing destinations.
Type of Transportation
 • Due to the growth of air transport in recent years, long-distance
travel has become much simpler and affordable.
• The development of air transport mostly occurred after World War I
Air and II. Commercial airlines were created for travelers.

Transport • The modern era, thus, is the era of mass air travel.
• After road transport, air travel is the most popular mode of travel,
particularly for international travel.
• For the business travelers, air transport is more convenient as it saves
their precious time and offers a luxurious and hassle-free travel.
Two types of • Scheduled airlines operate as regular schedules.
• Chartered airlines or the non-scheduled airlines operate only
Airlines when there is a demand, mainly during the tourist seasons.
• The chartered flights work out cheaper than the scheduled carriers
as they are operated only when there is a high load factor.
 • Today, the most popular and widely used mode of road travel is the
automobile or the car.
• Road transport is dominated by the automobile, which provides

Road views of the landscape and the freedom to travel. Tourist often
travels with their entire family for holidays.
Transport • To promote tourism, the vehicle required are coaches and tourist
cars. Tourist coaches or buses are preferred for large tourist groups
traveling together on a specified tour itinerary.
• Many tourists prefer to travel in comfort and privacy and hire cars.
Cars of various makes and standards are available on a rental basis.
 • The railway is the most economical, convenient, and popular mode of
travel especially for long distance travel all over the world.
• The railroad was invented in the seventeenth century in Germany

Rail with wooden tracks.

• The railways revolutionized transportation and mass movement of
Transport people seen in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
• In Europe, the railway systems of six European countries have been
clubbed to make rail travel easier for the people of Europe.
• For the foreign tourists, Eurail Passes offer unlimited discounts travel
in express trains for periods ranging from a week to three months.
 • Travel by ship was the only means for traveling overseas until the middle
of the twentieth century.
• During the World War I, in 1914 the operations of the steamship
Water company had to be suspended. After the World War I, the steamship
luxury liners were back to business till World War II.
Transport • After the World War II, the large luxury liners again started their
operations all over the world and carried passengers and holidaymakers.
• Some of the linear were very large accommodating up to 1000
passengers and had facilities like swimming pools, cinema halls, shops,
casino, etc.
 Transportation within
City Destination

• In the modern era cities and towns have also

become significant tourism destinations.
• It is useful to examine the specific capabilities that
urban transport systems must develop to support
the needs of the tourism industry in addition to the
capabilities that are required to support the
destination’s resident population.
City Transport • The transport tasks in cities may be subdivided into
four components:
Tasks 1.
2.
Passenger travel into and out of the city
Passenger transport within the city (this will include
both residents and tourists)
3. Passenger transport from the city to hinterland
attractions
4. The transport of freight, in this case to support the
tourism industry
 Factors Govern the Transport Modes

• The distance between the generating region and destination. If the distance is relatively
short private cars, local train services and, where they operate, ferry services may be popular.
• Modes of transport available for travel within the city. Depending on the size and
prosperity of the city, the transport system will usually consist of private transport (cars)
using the city’s road network and one or more public mass transport modes including bus,
rail and in some cases watercraft.
• Information technology and level of integration between modes. Public transport
systems by their nature are rarely able to offer the single-mode, door-to-door convenience
of the private car, hence the popularity of the car as the preferred urban transport mode.
 Factors Govern the Transport Modes

• Transport networks. In many cities multi-modal transport networks radiate out from the
city’s core often requiring passengers to change mode or route during a journey.
• The types of freight that must be carried to support the tourism sector. Freight is often
overlooked but the daily task of supplying food and bottled beverages for tourism
consumption as well as petroleum and other goods consumed in the support of the tourism
industry is a significant task.
• The time and money that tourists have available to fund a specific tourism journey. In
some destinations where public transport is inadequate or non-existent tourists will turn to
other forms of transport including taxis and tour buses.
• The position of the city within the tourist’s itinerary. The structure of the journey and the
number and locality of places included in the itinerary are significant.
 • The structure of the tourism component of the
Tourism transport system will be determined by the location of
Component of the city’s major attractions.
• Many attractions are located outside the city. If public
Transport System transport services are not provided the private sector
will respond with tour coaches.
Tourism • Where attractions are located within easy access of a
Component of public transport system, there will be a reduced
requirement for tour coaches.
Transport System
 • Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each
transportation in tourism industry?
• Analyze the impacts (positive vs. negative) of
transportation on the time share resorts?
• Based on your experience, identify any problem of

Discussion the transportation when you travel.

 2022

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