TRANSPORTATION

SECTOR AND RELATED

INFRASTRUCTURE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Understand and explain the importance of

transportation in tourism.
• Identify the major modes of transportation and
the related infrastructures.
• Identify the regulatory agencies and their role in
transportation.
• Analyze the issues and trends in transportation.
LEIPER’S BASIC WHOLE TOURISM SYSTEM
LEIPER’S BASIC WHOLE TOURISM
SYSTEM
Primary elements in the Tourism System:
1.At least one tourist
2.At least one tourist-generating region
3.At least one transit route region
4.At least one tourist destination
5.A travel and tourism industry
TRANSPORTATION

• Fundamental component of the tourism

industry
• Facilitates mobility and the movement of
tourists from their place of origin to their
destination and back.
• Tourism and transportation are linked. As world
tourism increases, additional demands will be
placed on the transportation sectors.
TRANSPORTATION
CONTINUUM
(Lumsdon and Page, 2004)
• Transport FOR tourism, where it is a means to an end,
being very utilitarian, and the level of satisfaction is
related to cost and speed of travel, so the mode of
travel has no direct intrinsic value in itself.

• Transport AS tourism, where the mode of transport is

integral to the overall experience of tourism such as
cruising or taking a scenic railway journey.
TRANSPORTATION CONTINUUM
COMPONENTS OF THE
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

1. The Way
2. The Terminal
3. The Vehicle
4. The Motive Power
THE WAY


The medium of travel over
which the vehicle operates

Could be purely artificial
(roads and railways) or natural
(air or water)

The availability of the way is
very important and requires
unscheduled delays
THE VEHICLE

Facilitates the travel

Nature of vehicles affected by
factors:
1. Travel demand
2. Technological developments
THE TERMINAL

Public transport terminal give the
passenger access to the vehicle

Act as an interchange between different
modes of transport

The design and the amenities offered
depend heavily upon the type of journey
and mode of transportation involved as
the length of time spent at the terminal

Basic requirements: toilet facilities, light
refreshments, other retail activity
THE MOTIVE POWER
Any source of energy used to produce motion.


Horse-drawn carriages

Steam power (Steam ships and railways)

Internal combustion engine (road, air, water
transportation)

Jet propulsion (air transportation)

Electricity
MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
AIR
AIR

Transport of passengers in the shortest
time

Avoids spending time and money en
route

Preferred means of travel for long haul

Ground services and the terminal
facilities are more advanced and
sophisticated than other modes.
 Airline
A company that provides air transport service
for traveling passenger and freight.
AIRLINE
Category of service
1. Scheduled services
Those which operate to a clearly defined, published
timetable, irrespective of whether a flight is full or not.

2. Charter services
Do not operate according to published timetables.
Instead, the aircraft is chartered to intermediaries (often
tour operators) for a fixed charge and those
intermediaries become responsible in selling the aircraft
seats.
AIR
Category of service
3. Air Taxi services
Privately chartered aircraft accommodating 4 to
18 people, used by business travelers. They offer
advantages of convenience and flexibility as
routings can be tailor-made for passengers.
 AIR
Types of commercial airlines
1. Premium airlines
•Also known as “Full service” or “Legacy”
•They usually provide higher quality
services:
a. first class and business class
b. frequent-flyer program
c. airport lounges
d. have better cabin services, such
as meal service and in-flight
entertainment
AIR
Types of commercial
airlines
2. Low Cost Carriers
•Also known as “no frills”,
“discount” or “budget” carrier.

•An airline that generally has

lower fares and fewer comforts.
LAND
CAR

• Invented in Germany but became

America’s obsession
• Could be owned or rented
• Widely neglected in tourism studies
because it is an accepted part of
everyday life.
CAR
Benefits of traveling by
car
• It has made travel more convenient
(privacy)
• Offers flexibility in the way people
travel (route, departure times
• Transforms tourists’ ability to
organize and develop their own
itineraries and activity patterns.
CAR RENTAL
• A car rental, hire car, or car hire
agency is a company that rents
automobiles for short periods of
time, generally ranging from a few
hours to a few weeks.
• It is often organized with numerous
local branches (which allow a user
to return a vehicle to a different
location), and primarily located
near airports or busy city areas.
COACH/BUS

• A type of vehicle used for conveying

passengers on excursions and on longer-
distance intercity bus service.
• Coaches often have a luggage hold that
is separate from the passenger cabin
and are normally equipped with
facilities required for longer trips,
including comfortable seats and
sometimes a toilet.
RECREATIONAL
VEHICLE (RV)

• A motor vehicle or trailer

which includes living quarters
designed for accommodation.
• Ex.: Motorhome, campervan,
trailer
RAIL
RAIL

• A means of conveyance of passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles

running on rails, also known as tracks.
• It is also commonly referred to as train transport.
• Existed because of the need to move goods and people from one region
to another
• Popular in most developed countries (China, Europe, Japan)
RAIL
Reasons why travel by train


Safety

Ability to look out of the train and see en route

Environment-friendly form of transport

Can transport passengers at fast speed.
TYPES OF RAIL
TRANSPORT
1. Passenger Train
• A passenger train travels
between stations where
passengers may embark and
disembark.
• Railway companies: Amtrak
(United States), Eurorail
(Europe), High speed trains or
Bullet trains (Japan)
TYPES OF RAIL
TRANSPORT
2. Freight Train

• The use of railroads and trains

to transport cargo as opposed
to human passengers.
WATER
CRUISE
Purpose is to provide a resort experience rather than point-to-
point transportation.
 FERRY

• A merchant vessel used to carry passengers, and sometimes

vehicles and cargo, across a body of water.
• Ferries form a part of the public transport systems of many
waterside cities and islands.
 FERRY

Types:
1.Roll-on/Roll-off
Vessels designed to carry wheeled cargo, such
as cars, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, trailers,
and railroad cars, that are driven on and off the
ship on their own wheels.
 FERRY

2. Cruiseferry
A ship that combines the features of a cruise
ship with a roll-on/roll-off ferry.
Many passengers travel with the ships for the
cruise experience, staying only a few hours at
the destination port or not leaving the ship at
all, while others use the ships as means of
transportation.
 3. Catamaran
3

•A multi-hulled watercraft featuring two parallel hulls of equal

FERRY size.
•Catamaran is from a Tamil word, kattumaran, which means
"logs tied together".
•Catamarans range in size from small (sailing or rowing vessels)
to large (naval ships and car ferries).
 • A boat used for personal, family, and sometimes
PLEASURE CRAFT sportsmanlike recreation.
• Ex.: motorboats and sailboats, rowboats and canoes, yacht
• They are used for holidays on a river, lake, canal or
waterway.
 OTHER MODES
OF
TRANSPORTATION
1. Pedestrian travel or walking
Tourists and locals depend on their foot to
arrive at an attraction. Walking tours such
as hiking and trekking have grown in
popularity.

2. Cycling
Reduce bus and auto traffic in the park and
allows tourists a convenient way to see all
the sights.
OTHER MODES
OF
TRANSPORTATION
3. Trams, cable cars, gondolas, ski
lifts
•Facilitate the flow of tourists and
bring them to places that would
otherwise be inaccessible.
•These modes of transportation
can be tourist attractions
themselves.
REGULATORY
AGENCIES
The Department
Of Transportation
(DOTr)
• The primary policy, planning,
programming, coordinating,
implementing and administrative
entity of the executive branch of
the government on the promotion,
development and regulation of a
dependable and coordinated
network of transportation systems,
as well as in the fast, safe, efficient
and reliable transportation
services.
The DOTr attached agencies
Regulatory Agencies in
Land Transportation

• Land Transportation Office (LTO)

• Land Transportation Franchising and
Regulatory Board (LTFRB)
• Toll Regulatory Board (TRB)
Regulatory Agencies in Land
Transportation

Land Transportation Office (LTO)

•Responsible for all land transportation in
the Phils. especially implementing
transportation laws, rules and regulations.
•Functions: inspection & registration of
motor vehicles, issuance of License and
permits
Regulatory
Agencies in Land
Transportation
LTFRB or Land Transportation Franchising
and Regulatory Board (LTFRB)
•Responsible for promulgating,
administering, enforcing, and monitoring
compliance of policies, laws, and
regulations of public land transportation
services.
Regulatory Agencies in Land
Transportation
Function:
•To determine, prescribe, approve &
periodically review & adjust reasonable
fares, rates and other related charges
relative to the operation of public land
transportation services.
Regulatory Agencies in Land
Transportation

TOLL REGULATORY BOARD (TRB)

•Regulates all toll roads in the Phils.
•Authorized to enter into contracts with
qualified persons for construction,
operation and maintenance of toll
facilities.
•Exercises jurisdiction over the following
toll facilities: NLEX, SLEX, CAVITEX,
Skyway, STAR, SCTEx, etc.
Regulatory Agencies in Rail
Transportation

• Philippine National Railways (PNR)

• Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA)
• Metro Rail Transit Corporation (MRT)
Regulatory Agencies in Rail
Transportation

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RAILWAYS (PNR)

•A state-owned railway company
operating a single line of track.
•As of 2016, it operates commuter rail
service in Metro Manila and local services
Sipocot, Naga & Legaspi in Southern
Luzon.
Regulatory Agencies in Rail
Transportation
Regulatory Agencies in Rail
Transportation

LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT AUTHORITY (LRTA)

•A public transport operator in-charge of
operating & maintaining the Manila Light
Rail Transit system composed of LRT-1 and
LRT-2
Regulatory Agencies in Rail
Transportation
METRO RAIL TRANSIT CORPORATION
(MRT)
•A private consortium responsible for
the maintenance of the Manila Metro
Rail Transit System.
•It runs MRT-3 in coordination with
DOTr.
Regulatory
Agencies in
Rail
Transportati
on
Regulatory Agencies in
Sea Transportation

• Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA)

• Philippine Coast Guard (PCG)
• Philippine Ports Authority (PPA)
Regulatory Agencies in Sea
Transportation
MARITIME INDUSTRY AUTHORITY
(MARINA)
•An agency of the Phil. Government
responsible for integrating the
development, promotion and
regulation of the maritime industry in
the Phils.
Regulatory Agencies in Sea
Transportation
Functions:
•Modernization & expansion of the
Phil. Merchant fleet
•Enhancement of domestic capability
for shipbuilding, repair and
maintenance.
Regulatory Agencies in Sea
Transportation
PHILIPPINE COAST GUARD (PCG)
•An armed and uniformed service
tasked primarily with enforcing laws
within the Phil. Waters, conducting
maritime security operations,
safeguarding life and property at sea,
and protecting marine environment
and resources
Regulatory Agencies in Sea
Transportation
PHILIPPINE PORTS AUTHORITY (PPA)
•A government owned corporation responsible for
financing, management and operations of public ports
throughout the Phils. except the port of Cebu.
Regulatory Agencies in
Air Transportation

• Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines

(CAAP)
• Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB)
• Manila International Airport Authority
(MIAA)
Regulatory Agencies in Air
Transportation
Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines
(CAAP)

•National aviation authority of the Phils.

and is responsible for implementing
policies on civil aviation to assure safe,
economic and efficient air travel.
•It also investigates aviation accidents via
its Aircraft Accident Investigation and
Inquiry Board.
Regulatory Agencies in Air
Transportation
Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB)

•A government agency of the Phils. tasked to

regulate, promote and develop the economic
aspect of air transportation in the Phils.
•The board has supervisory and jurisdictional
control over air carriers, general sales agents,
cargo sales agents and airfreight forwarders.
Regulatory Agencies in Air
Transportation
Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA)

•Government agency in the Phils. responsible for the

management of NAIA.