PROJECT: 66/220kV AIS SUBSTATION FOR IGF Attachment - 2 SVP010129-INF-E-CAL-022

AT SIRA, TUMKURU Earthing Design Calculation Rev-1

(For Human body weight 50kg)

Description Symbol Value Unit Reference

STEP :1 INPUTS FOR CONDUCTOR SIZING

Symmetrical fault current (rms value) I = 40 kA [As per system Fault Level]

The effective asymmetrical fault current in A IF = I f × Df [Eq.:1, IEEE:80]

If is the rms symmetrical ground fault current in A

Typical values of decrement factor for various fault duration and X/R ratio can also be found out from Table-10, IEEE-80:2013

Conductor joint type = Welded

Reference temperature for material constants Tr = 20 °C

Maximum allowable temperature Tm = 500 °C As per IS 3043 , Table-6

Ambient temperature Ta = 40 °C

Thermal co-efficient of resistivity at reference temperature αr = 0.00377 1/°C As per IEEE80-2013, Table-1

Resistivity of ground conductor at reference temperature ρr = 15.90 µ.W-cm As per IEEE80-2013, Table-1

3
Specific weight of ground conductor material SW = 7.86 gm/cm [As per Cl.#5V (a) of CBIP#223]

Specific heat of ground conductor material SH = 0.114 cal/gm.°C

Ko at reference temperature Ko = 1/αr - Tr

= 245 As per IEEE80-2013, Table-1

3.
Thermal capacity per unit volume TCAP = 4.184 × SW × SH J/cm °C [As per Cl.#5V (a) of CBIP#223]

= 3.8 As per IEEE80-2013, Table-1

Fault Duration (for conductor sizing) tc = 1 Sec [Cl.-5 (iV) -(C),CBIP#223]

STEP :2 BELOW GRADE EARTH CONDUCTOR SIZING CALCULATION

2 1
Conductor cross-sectional area Amm = I. [Eq.:45, IEEE:80-2013]
 TCAP .10 - 4   ( Ko  T m ) 
  . ln  
 t c . r . r   ( Ko  T a ) 

2
= 512.65 mm

Diameter of the conductor d = Af  4 /

= 25.56 mm

Soil Corrosion loss = 0.15 mm/yr [Cl.-5 (V) -(C),CBIP#223]

Design life of earthing conductor = 40 yrs

Diameter of the conductor (Considering corrosion losses per

= d + (Soil Corrosion Loss × Design life of earthing conductor)
year )

= 31.555 mm

= 782.037
Area of conductor required
2
Conductor size selected is = 900 mm

Conductor Size Selected is 75x12 mm2

1 of 12
PROJECT: 66/220kV AIS SUBSTATION FOR IGF Attachment - 2
AT SIRA, TUMKURU Earthing Design Calculation
(For Human body weight 50kg)
Description Symbol Value
INPUTS FOR SAFETY CALCULATION
Soil Resistivity  = 35.561
Surface layer Material Gravel
Resistivity of surface layer material s = 3000
Shock duration (for safety calculation) ts = 1
Surface layer thickness hs = 0.1
Human body weight considered Wt = 50
Depth of ground grid conductors h = 0.9
100mm dia CI pipe electrode Lr1 = 2.75
25mm dia MS rod electrode Lr2 = 1.05
Average rod electrode length Lr = 1.97
Human body resistance RB = 1000
STEP : 3 CALCULATION FOR TOLERABLE STEP AND TOUCH VOLTAGES
= 1 - 0.09  1 -  / s 
Surface layer derating factor Cs  
 
 2  hs  0.09 
0.69333
=
Radius of metalic disc representing the foot b = 0.08
  s 
The ground resistance of one foot Rf =  4  b   C
 
= 6500.00528
The empirical constant related to the electric shock enegry
SB = 0.0135
tolerated by a certain percent of a given population
Constant k = S B
= 0.116
Allowable body current IB = k / √t s
= 0.116
Tolerable Step Voltage Estep = (RB+2×Rf)×IB
= 1626.65
Tolerable Touch Voltage Etouch = (RB+Rf/2)×IB
= 493.81
Tolerable Step Voltage (Estep) = 1626.65 Volts
Tolerable Touch Voltage (Etouch) = 493.81 Volts
2 of 12
SVP010129-INF-E-CAL-022
Rev-1
Unit Reference
W-m Ref. Attch. - 1
W-m
Sec
m [as per IEEE-80-2013]
Kg
[Ref. EPC Tender spec. Clause-
m 9.5.1, Section-Switchyard
Erection]
[Ref. EPC Tender spec. Clause-
m 9.4, Section-Switchyard
Erection]
[Ref. EPC Tender spec. Clause-
m 9.4, Section-Switchyard
Erection]
[Ref. EPC Tender spec. Clause-
m 9.4, Section-Switchyard
Erection]
W [Eq.:10, IEEE:80-2013]
[Eq.:27, IEEE:80-2013]
m [Cl.-7.3, IEEE-80-2013]
s [Eq.:19, IEEE:80-2013]
W
[Clause-6, IEEE:80-2013]
[Clause-6, IEEE:80-2013]
[Eq.:7, IEEE:80-2013]
Amp
[Eq.:28, IEEE:80-2013]
Volts
[Eq.:31, IEEE:80-2013]
Volts
PROJECT: 66/220kV AIS SUBSTATION FOR IGF Attachment - 2 SVP010129-INF-E-CAL-022
AT SIRA, TUMKURU Earthing Design Calculation Rev-1
(For Human body weight 50kg)

Description Symbol Value Unit Reference

STEP : 4 CALCULATION FOR PRELIMINARY DESIGN PARAMETERS

length of conductor in the X-direction for Grid-A Lx1 = 66 m [Earthmat Layout]

length of conductor in the X-direction for Grid-B Lx2 = 0 m [Earthmat Layout]

length of conductor in the X-direction for Grid-C Lx3 = 0 m [Earthmat Layout]

Width of conductor in the Y-direction for Grid-A Ly1 = 156 m [Earthmat Layout]

Width of conductor in the Y-direction for Grid-B Ly2 = 0 m [Earthmat Layout]

Width of conductor in the Y-direction for Grid-C Ly3 = 0 m [Earthmat Layout]

2
Area enclosed by Gria-A A1 10296 m

2
Area enclosed by Gria-B A2 0 m

2
Area enclosed by Gria-C A3 0 m

Spacing between parallel conductors D = 8.0 m

Nos. of parallel conductor in X-direction nx1 = Ly1 / D + 1

= 21.0 m

Nos. of parallel conductor in Y-direction ny1 = Lx1 / D + 1

= 9.0 m

Total Length of grid conductor Lc1 = nx1 × Lx1 + ny1 × Ly1

2790.0 m

Spacing between parallel conductors D = 8.0 m

Nos. of parallel conductor in X-direction nx2 = Ly2 / D + 1

= 1.0 m

Nos. of parallel conductor in Y-direction ny2 = Lx2 / D + 1

= 1.0 m

Total Length of grid conductor Lc2 = nx2 × Lx2 + ny2 × Ly2

0.0 m

Spacing between parallel conductors D = 8.0 m

Nos. of parallel conductor in X-direction nx3 = Ly3 / D + 1

= 1.0 Nos

Nos. of parallel conductor in Y-direction ny3 = Lx3 / D + 1

= 1.0 Nos

Total Length of grid conductor Lc3 = nx3 × Lx3 + ny3 × Ly3

0.0 m

3 of 12
PROJECT: 66/220kV AIS SUBSTATION FOR IGF Attachment - 2 SVP010129-INF-E-CAL-022
AT SIRA, TUMKURU Earthing Design Calculation Rev-1
(For Human body weight 50kg)

Description Symbol Value Unit Reference

Maximum length of grid conductor in the X-direction Lx = 66 m [Earthmat Layout]

Maximum length of grid conductor in the Y-direction Ly = 125 m [Earthmat Layout]

Total area enclosed by ground grid A = A1+A2+A3

2
10296 m

Total Length of grid conductor Lc = Lc1+Lc2+Lc3

= 2790.0 m

100mm dia CI pipe electrode nR1 = 82 Ref. Attch. - 3

25mm dia MS rod electrode nR2 = 70 Ref. Attch. - 3

Total no. of electrode nR = 152 Ref. Attch. - 3

Total length of earthing electrode LR = Lr × nR

= 299 m

Peripheral length of the grid Lp = 444 m [Earthmat Layout]

Geometrical factor composed of factors na,nb,nc & nd n = na × nb × nc × nd [Eq.:89, IEEE:80-2013]

= 13.14

Where,

Value of na is na = (2 × Lc) / Lp [Eq.:90, IEEE:80-2013]

= 12.57

Lp
[Value of nb for other than square grid nb = [Eq.:91, IEEE:80-2013]
4 A
nb = 1.046

Value of nc (for square & rectangular grids) nc = 1

Value of nd (for square, rectangular & L-shaped grids) nd = 1

STEP :5 CALCULATION OF GROUNDING RESISTANCE

The area for conductors buried at depth h a' = 2  a  h

= 0.174545803 m

Where,

Equivalent conductor diameter

2a is the diameter of conductor in meter = 33.85137501 mm corresponding to 75x12Sqmm
Flat

4 of 12
PROJECT: 66/220kV AIS SUBSTATION FOR IGF Attachment - 2 SVP010129-INF-E-CAL-022
AT SIRA, TUMKURU Earthing Design Calculation Rev-1
(For Human body weight 50kg)

Description Symbol Value Unit Reference

Length-to-Width ratio X = Lx / L y

= 0.53

For above X (Length-to-Width ratio) formula for the value of coefficients k1 & k2 can be selected from Fig. 24 (a) & (b) , IEEE-80

Coefficient k1 (for the depth h=1/10 AREA) k1 = 1.20 - 0.05 × X

= 1.174

Coefficient k2 (for the depth h=1/10 AREA) k2 = 4.68 + 0.10 × X

= 4.73

   2  Lc  k1  Lc 
Ground resistance of the grid R1 =
  Lc ln a '   - k 2  [Eq.:59, IEEE:80-2013]
   A 
= 0.154 W

Ground resistance of the rod bed R2 =

   4  LR 
ln
2  nR  LR   b 
 -1
2 k1  Lr
A
 
2
 nR -1 

[Eq.:60, IEEE:80-2013]

= 0.009 W

Where,

2b is the diameter of rod b = d/2

= 0.020 m

Mutual ground resistance between the grid & rod bed Rm =    2  Lc  k1  Lc  [Eq.:61, IEEE:80-2013]
ln    - k 2  1
  Lc   Lr  A 

= 0.15 W
R1  R2 - Rm 2
Total system resistance Rg = [Eq.:58, IEEE:80-2013]
R1  R2 - 2  Rm
= 0.150 W

Total System Resistance (Rg) 0.15 ohm

The value of Rg is less than 1.0 W as recommended by IS:3043, IEEE-80 and Project Contract Document / Design Criteria Document. Hence,
combined resistance of grid and ground rod criteria is satisfied.

STEP: 6 CALCULATION FOR MAXIMUM GRID CURRENT

Fault current division factor Sf = 0.6

Symmetrical ground fault current for safety calculation If = 40 kA

[Cl.-5(Vi), CBIP-223 also as per
Decrement factor for the entire duration of fault Df = 1.026
IEEE80-2013]

Symmetrical grid current Ig = Sf × If [Eq.:65, IEEE:80]

= 24000 A

Maximum grid current IG = Df × Ig [Eq.:69, IEEE:80-2013]

= 25 kA

5 of 12
PROJECT: 66/220kV AIS SUBSTATION FOR IGF Attachment - 2 SVP010129-INF-E-CAL-022
AT SIRA, TUMKURU Earthing Design Calculation Rev-1
(For Human body weight 50kg)

Description Symbol Value Unit Reference

STEP: 7 CALCULATION OF GROUND POTENTIAL RISE

Ground Potential Rise GPR = I G × Rg

= 3693.60 V

STEP-8 : CALCULATION OF ATTAINABLE STEP AND MESH POTENTIALS

Spacing factor for step voltage (for the usual burial depth of
 

 1   1   1  1 - 0.5 
n-2

Ks =      [Eq.:99, IEEE:80-2013]
0.25m < h < 2.5 m)     2  h   D  h  D 
= 0.252

Spacing factor for mesh voltage Km =

 1   D 2
 D  2 h   h   Kii 
2
 8 
   -     [Eq.:86, IEEE:80-2013]
 ln   ln 2 n -1 
 2 
 16 h  d   8 D h   4 d 
  Kh   

= 0.549

Correction factor for grid geometry Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 × n

= 2.59

Corrective weighting factor that adujst for the effect of inner

Kii = 1
conductors on the corner mesh

Corrective weighting factor that emphasizes the effects of grid

depth
Kh = 1 h / ho  [Eq.:88, IEEE:80 -2013]

= 1.38

Grid reference depth ho = 1 m [Eq.:88, IEEE:80 -2013]

Effective length for step voltage (for grids with or without

Ls = 0.75 × Lc + 0.85 × LR [Eq.:98, IEEE:80-2013]
ground rods)

= 2346.65 m

Effective length for mesh voltage (for grids with ground rods in   
  Lr 
the corners, as well as along the perimeter and throught the LM = Lc  1 .55  1 .22    LR
 
grid )   Lx 2  Ly 2  

= 3258.53 m [Eq.:96, IEEE:80-2013]

Attainable step voltage Estep =   K s  Ki  I G [Eq.:97, IEEE:80-2013]

Ls

= 243.85 V

Attainable mesh voltage Emesh =   Km  Ki  IG [Eq.:85, IEEE:80-2013]

Lm

= 381.76 V

Maximum Attainable Step Voltage (Estep) = 243.85 V

Maximum Attainable Mesh Voltage (Emesh) = 381.76 V

STEP : 9 CHECK FOR DESIGN COMPLETENESS

Tolerable Step Voltages Estep = 1626.65 V

Attainable Step Voltages Estep = 243.85 V

Tolerable Touch Voltages Etouch = 493.81 V

Attainable Mesh Voltages Emesh = 381.76 V

Attainable Step Voltages = 243.85V is less than Tolerable Step voltages = 1626.65V and Attainable Touch Voltages = 381.76V is less than
Tolerable Touch voltages = 493.81V. Hence, Design in SAFE.

6 of 12
PROJECT: 66/220kV AIS SUBSTATION FOR IGF Attachment - 2 SVP010129-INF-E-CAL-022
AT SIRA, TUMKURU Earthing Design Calculation Rev-1
(For Human body weight 70kg)

Description Symbol Value Unit Reference

STEP :1 INPUTS FOR CONDUCTOR SIZING

Symmetrical fault current (rms value) I = 40 kA [As per system Fault Level]

The effective asymmetrical fault current in A IF = I f × Df [Eq.:1, IEEE:80]

If is the rms symmetrical ground fault current in A

Typical values of decrement factor for various fault duration and X/R ratio can also be found out from Table-10, IEEE-80:2013

Conductor joint type = Welded

Reference temperature for material constants Tr = 20 °C

Maximum allowable temperature Tm = 500 °C As per IS 3043 , Table-6

Ambient temperature Ta = 40 °C

Thermal co-efficient of resistivity at reference temperature αr = 0.00377 1/°C As per IEEE80-2013, Table-1

Resistivity of ground conductor at reference temperature ρr = 15.90 µ.W-cm As per IEEE80-2013, Table-1

3
Specific weight of ground conductor material SW = 7.86 gm/cm [As per Cl.#5V (a) of CBIP#223]

Specific heat of ground conductor material SH = 0.114 cal/gm.°C

Ko at reference temperature Ko = 1/αr - Tr

= 245 As per IEEE80-2013, Table-1

3.
Thermal capacity per unit volume TCAP = 4.184 × SW × SH J/cm °C [As per Cl.#5V (a) of CBIP#223]

= 3.8 As per IEEE80-2013, Table-1

Fault Duration (for conductor sizing) tc = 1 Sec [Cl.-5 (iV) -(C),CBIP#223]

STEP :2 BELOW GRADE EARTH CONDUCTOR SIZING CALCULATION

2 1
Conductor cross-sectional area Amm = I. [Eq.:45, IEEE:80-2013]
 TCAP .10 - 4   ( Ko  T m ) 
  . ln  
 t c . r . r   ( Ko  T a ) 

2
= 512.65 mm

Diameter of the conductor d = Af  4 /

= 25.56 mm

Soil Corrosion loss = 0.15 mm/yr [Cl.-5 (V) -(C),CBIP#223]

Design life of earthing conductor = 40 yrs

Diameter of the conductor (Considering corrosion losses per

= d + (Soil Corrosion Loss × Design life of earthing conductor)
year )

= 31.555 mm

= 782.037
Area of conductor required
2
Conductor size selected is = 900 mm

Conductor Size Selected is 75x12 mm2

7 of 12
PROJECT: 66/220kV AIS SUBSTATION FOR IGF Attachment - 2 SVP010129-INF-E-CAL-022
AT SIRA, TUMKURU Earthing Design Calculation Rev-1
(For Human body weight 70kg)

Description Symbol Value Unit Reference

INPUTS FOR SAFETY CALCULATION

Soil Resistivity  = 35.561 W-m Ref. Attch. - 1

Surface layer Material Gravel

Resistivity of surface layer material s = 3000 W-m

Shock duration (for safety calculation) ts = 1 Sec

Surface layer thickness hs = 0.1 m [as per IEEE-80-2013]

Human body weight considered Wt = 70 Kg

[Ref. EPC Tender spec. Clause-

Depth of ground grid conductors h = 0.9 m 9.5.1, Section-Switchyard
Erection]
[Ref. EPC Tender spec. Clause-
100mm dia CI pipe electrode Lr1 = 2.75 m 9.4, Section-Switchyard
Erection]
[Ref. EPC Tender spec. Clause-
25mm dia MS rod electrode Lr2 = 1.05 m 9.4, Section-Switchyard
Erection]
[Ref. EPC Tender spec. Clause-
Average rod electrode length Lr = 1.97 m 9.4, Section-Switchyard
Erection]
Human body resistance RB = 1000 W [Eq.:10, IEEE:80-2013]

STEP : 3 CALCULATION FOR TOLERABLE STEP AND TOUCH VOLTAGES

 0.09  1 -  / s  
Surface layer derating factor Cs = 1-   [Eq.:27, IEEE:80-2013]
 2  hs  0.09 
= 0.69333

Radius of metalic disc representing the foot b = 0.08 m [Cl.-7.3, IEEE-80-2013]

  s 
The ground resistance of one foot Rf =  4  b   C s [Eq.:19, IEEE:80-2013]
 

= 6500.00528 W

The empirical constant related to the electric shock enegry

SB = 0.0246 [Clause-6, IEEE:80-2013]
tolerated by a certain percent of a given population

Constant k = S B [Clause-6, IEEE:80-2013]

= 0.157

Allowable body current IB = k / √t s [Eq.:7, IEEE:80-2013]

= 0.157 Amp

Tolerable Step Voltage Estep = (RB+2×Rf)×IB [Eq.:28, IEEE:80-2013]

= 2195.82 Volts

Tolerable Touch Voltage Etouch = (RB+Rf/2)×IB [Eq.:31, IEEE:80-2013]

= 666.59 Volts

Tolerable Step Voltage (Estep) = 2195.82 Volts

Tolerable Touch Voltage (Etouch) = 666.59 Volts

8 of 12
PROJECT: 66/220kV AIS SUBSTATION FOR IGF Attachment - 2 SVP010129-INF-E-CAL-022
AT SIRA, TUMKURU Earthing Design Calculation Rev-1
(For Human body weight 70kg)

Description Symbol Value Unit Reference

STEP : 4 CALCULATION FOR PRELIMINARY DESIGN PARAMETERS

length of conductor in the X-direction for Grid-A Lx1 = 66 m [Plot Plan]

length of conductor in the X-direction for Grid-B Lx2 = 0 m [Plot Plan]

length of conductor in the X-direction for Grid-C Lx3 = 0 m [Plot Plan]

Width of conductor in the Y-direction for Grid-A Ly1 = 156 m [Plot Plan]

Width of conductor in the Y-direction for Grid-B Ly2 = 0 m [Plot Plan]

Width of conductor in the Y-direction for Grid-C Ly3 = 0 m [Plot Plan]

2
Area enclosed by Gria-A A1 10296 m

2
Area enclosed by Gria-B A2 0 m

2
Area enclosed by Gria-C A3 0 m

Spacing between parallel conductors D = 8.0 m

Nos. of parallel conductor in X-direction nx1 = Ly1 / D + 1

= 21.0 m

Nos. of parallel conductor in Y-direction ny1 = Lx1 / D + 1

= 9.0 m

Total Length of grid conductor Lc1 = nx1 × Lx1 + ny1 × Ly1

2790.0 m

Spacing between parallel conductors D = 8.0 m

Nos. of parallel conductor in X-direction nx2 = Ly2 / D + 1

= 1.0 m

Nos. of parallel conductor in Y-direction ny2 = Lx2 / D + 1

= 1.0 m

Total Length of grid conductor Lc2 = nx2 × Lx2 + ny2 × Ly2

0.0 m

Spacing between parallel conductors D = 8.0 m

Nos. of parallel conductor in X-direction nx3 = Ly3 / D + 1

= 1.0 Nos

Nos. of parallel conductor in Y-direction ny3 = Lx3 / D + 1

= 1.0 Nos

Total Length of grid conductor Lc3 = nx3 × Lx3 + ny3 × Ly3 m

0.0 m

9 of 12
PROJECT: 66/220kV AIS SUBSTATION FOR IGF Attachment - 2 SVP010129-INF-E-CAL-022
AT SIRA, TUMKURU Earthing Design Calculation Rev-1
(For Human body weight 70kg)

Description Symbol Value Unit Reference

Maximum length of grid conductor in the X-direction Lx = 66 m [Plot Plan]

Maximum length of grid conductor in the Y-direction Ly = 156 m [Plot Plan]

Total area enclosed by ground grid A = A1+A2+A3

2
10296 m

Total Length of grid conductor Lc = Lc1+Lc2+Lc3

= 2790.0 m

100mm dia CI pipe electrode nR1 = 82 Ref. Attch. - 3

25mm dia MS rod electrode nR2 = 70 Ref. Attch. - 3

Total no. of electrode nR = 152 Ref. Attch. - 3

Total length of earthing electrode LR = Lr × nR

= 299 m

Peripheral length of the grid Lp = 444 m [Plot Plan]

Geometrical factor composed of factors na,nb,nc & nd n = na × nb × nc × nd [Eq.:89, IEEE:80-2013]

= 13.14

Where,

Value of na is na = (2 × Lc) / Lp [Eq.:90, IEEE:80-2013]

= 12.57

Lp
[Value of nb for other than square grid nb = [Eq.:91, IEEE:80-2013]
4 A
nb = 1.046

Value of nc (for square & rectangular grids) nc = 1

Value of nd (for square, rectangular & L-shaped grids) nd = 1

STEP :5 CALCULATION OF GROUNDING RESISTANCE

The area for conductors buried at depth h a' = 2 a  h

= 0.174545803 m

10 of 12
PROJECT: 66/220kV AIS SUBSTATION FOR IGF Attachment - 2 SVP010129-INF-E-CAL-022
AT SIRA, TUMKURU Earthing Design Calculation Rev-1
(For Human body weight 70kg)

Description Symbol Value Unit Reference

Where,

Equivalent conductor diameter

2a is the diameter of conductor in meter = 33.85137501 mm corresponding to 75x12Sqmm
Flat

Length-to-Width ratio X = Lx / L y

= 0.42

For above X (Length-to-Width ratio) formula for the value of coefficients k1 & k2 can be selected from Fig. 24 (a) & (b) , IEEE-80

Coefficient k1 (for the depth h=1/10 AREA) k1 = 1.20 - 0.05 × X

= 1.179

Coefficient k2 (for the depth h=1/10 AREA) k2 = 4.68 + 0.10 × X

= 4.72

   2  Lc  k1  Lc 
R1 ln  - k 2  [Eq.:59, IEEE:80-2013]
  Lc   a ' 
Ground resistance of the grid =
A 
= 0.155 W

Ground resistance of the rod bed R2 =

   4  LR 
ln
2  nR  LR   b 
 -1
A

2 k1  Lr
2
 nR -1 

[Eq.:60, IEEE:80-2013]

= 0.010 W

Where,

2b is the diameter of rod b = d/2

= 0.020 m

Mutual ground resistance between the grid & rod bed Rm =    2  Lc  k1  Lc  [Eq.:61, IEEE:80-2013]
ln   - k 2  1
  Lc   Lr  A 

= 0.15 W
R1  R2 - Rm 2
Total system resistance Rg = [Eq.:58, IEEE:80-2013]
R1  R2 - 2  Rm
= 0.150 W

Total System Resistance (Rg) 0.15 ohm

The value of Rg is less than 1.0 W as recommended by IS:3043, IEEE-80 and Project Contract Document / Design Criteria Document. Hence,
combined resistance of grid and ground rod criteria is satisfied.

STEP: 6 CALCULATION FOR MAXIMUM GRID CURRENT

Fault current division factor Sf = 0.6

Symmetrical ground fault current for safety calculation If = 40 kA

[Cl.-5(Vi), CBIP-223 also as per
Decrement factor for the entire duration of fault Df = 1.026
IEEE80-2013]

Symmetrical grid current Ig = Sf × If [Eq.:65, IEEE:80]

= 24000 A

Maximum grid current IG = Df × Ig [Eq.:69, IEEE:80-2013]

= 25 kA

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PROJECT: 66/220kV AIS SUBSTATION FOR IGF Attachment - 2 SVP010129-INF-E-CAL-022
AT SIRA, TUMKURU Earthing Design Calculation Rev-1
(For Human body weight 70kg)

Description Symbol Value Unit Reference

STEP: 7 CALCULATION OF GROUND POTENTIAL RISE

Ground Potential Rise GPR = I G × Rg

= 3693.60 V

STEP-8 : CALCULATION OF ATTAINABLE STEP AND MESH POTENTIALS

Spacing factor for step voltage (for the usual burial depth of
 

 1   1   1  1 - 0.5 
n-2

Ks =      [Eq.:99, IEEE:80-2013]
0.25m < h < 2.5 m)     2  h   D  h  D 
= 0.252

Spacing factor for mesh voltage Km =

 1   D 2
 D  2 h   h   Kii 
2
 8 
   -     [Eq.:86, IEEE:80-2013]
 ln   ln 2 n -1 
 2 
 16 h  d   8 D h   4 d 
  Kh   

= 0.549

Correction factor for grid geometry Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 × n

= 2.59

Corrective weighting factor that adujst for the effect of inner

Kii = 1
conductors on the corner mesh

Corrective weighting factor that emphasizes the effects of grid

depth
Kh = 1 h/ ho  [Eq.:88, IEEE:80 -2013]

= 1.38

Grid reference depth ho = 1 m [Eq.:88, IEEE:80 -2013]

Effective length for step voltage (for grids with or without

Ls = 0.75 × Lc + 0.85 × LR [Eq.:98, IEEE:80-2013]
ground rods)

= 2346.65 m

Effective length for mesh voltage (for grids with ground rods in   
  Lr 
the corners, as well as along the perimeter and throught the LM = Lc  1 .55  1 .22    LR
 
grid )   Lx 2  Ly 2  

= 3257.69 m [Eq.:96, IEEE:80-2013]

Attainable step voltage Estep =   K s  Ki  I G [Eq.:97, IEEE:80-2013]

Ls

= 243.85 V

Attainable mesh voltage Emesh =   Km  Ki  IG [Eq.:85, IEEE:80-2013]

Lm

= 381.86 V

Maximum Attainable Step Voltage (Estep) = 243.85 V

Maximum Attainable Mesh Voltage (Emesh) = 381.86 V

STEP : 9 CHECK FOR DESIGN COMPLETENESS

Tolerable Step Voltages Estep = 2195.82 V

Attainable Step Voltages Estep = 243.85 V

Tolerable Touch Voltages Etouch = 666.59 V

Attainable Mesh Voltages Emesh = 381.86 V

Attainable Step Voltages = 243.85V is less than Tolerable Step voltages = 2195.82V and Attainable Touch Voltages = 381.86V is less than
Tolerable Touch voltages = 666.59V. Hence, Design in SAFE.

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