Table of Contents

1.0 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE..........................2

2.0 SIGNIFICANT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT WITH MENTAL HEALTH...4
3.0 RISK OF MENTAL HEALTH ST THE WORKPLACE...............................................6
4.0 STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE MENTAL HEALTH AT WORKPLACE...................7
5.0 RISKS OF MENTAL HEALTH AMONG ADOLESCENTS.......................................8
6.0 STRATEGIES TO COPE WITH MENTAL HEALTH RISK AMONG
ADOLESCENTS.....................................................................................................................10
7.0 RISKS OF MENTAL HEALTH AMONG SENIOR CITIZENS................................12
8.0 STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS MENTAL HEALTH NEEDS OF SENIOR CITIZENS
14
9.0 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT REVOLUTIONISE THE HEALTH CARE
INDUSTRY..............................................................................................................................15
10.0 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................16

Number of words: 3818 Words

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE

1.1. Knowledge Management

The term "knowledge management" remains the subject of heated controversy.
Knowledge management, as defined by Holsapple and Jones (2005), is the
process by which a company or other organization maximizes the return on its
investment in its stockpile of accumulated information and expertise. Benbya and
Belbaly (2005) argue that this is possible because to the contribution and
enablement of technology in the production, codification, storage, distribution,
and exchange of explicit knowledge. Managing people, their tacit knowledge, and
their social interaction is not only a technological endeavor, as Currie and Kerrin
(2003) point out. Knowledge management (KM) is a system that allows for the
identification, creation, communication, or sharing and use of organizational and
individual knowledge (Ab Samad, et al, 2014). This system is comprised of
people, processes, activities, technology, and a large-scale environment.
Meanwhile, Debowski (2006) described KM as the method of locating,
collecting, organizing, and disseminating an organization's most valuable
intellectual assets.
1.2. Types of Knowledge
Knowledge is a set of skills, abilities, and understandings that may be applied
to new situations and situations that have not been encountered before. Adding
one's own expertise and interpretation to a body of information in order to
complete a job or generate new information is one definition of knowledge. First,
knowledge gives information a feeling of direction since it can be used to
accomplish something, and second, knowledge gives information the ability to
generate more information, which is one of its primary functions. Reading and
comprehending material is a common method of acquiring knowledge.
Organizational knowledge is the sum of the tacit expertise of all employees
and teams working for the company. Often referred to as "know-how," tacit
knowledge is information that cannot be shown theoretically but rather is
acquired via direct experience. Knowledge that is visible, communicable, and
shareable between individuals is called explicit knowledge. In contrast to tacit
knowledge, which is incapable of being verbalized, implicit knowledge may be
articulated and is deduced from other pieces of information. Knowledge gained
through heuristics, a form of tacit knowledge that is notoriously challenging to
capture and externalize, is inextricably bound up with the practitioner's prior job
experience. Declarative knowledge is the sort of information that can be utilized
to answer questions like "what," "who," "where," and "when." The "how"
questions may be answered with procedural knowledge, which is the kind of
information required to carry out certain tasks. Socialization, externalization,
combination, and internalization (SECI) is a model for converting knowledge
from tacit to explicit and vice versa. There are many potential sources of
knowledge, including individual persons, groups of people, products of practices,
technologies, and repositories, and organizational entities such organizational
units, organizations, and inter-organizational networks.
SIGNIFICANT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT WITH MENTAL HEALTH

1.3. Perspective of Individual

Improve employee’s wellbeing
The management of knowledge also contributes to the psychological well-
being of everyone involved. It is much simpler to keep team members'
expectations, team values, rules, and other material accessible to them when they
are based on a single source of truth that has been written and shared across the
organization. This is especially important in the modern digital age when there is
so much information available to us all at once. One may assist employees to
focus on what's essential, minimize the surplus informational load, decrease
stress, and enhance both their well-being and the health of the business by making
knowledge management a priority and curating it at your organization (Chorna,
2022).
Lead to successful innovation
When knowledge management is given a high priority, there is a large rise in
the likelihood of successfully implementing new ideas. Obtaining knowledge
from external sources, such as the market, rivals, and industry leaders, is an
essential component of knowledge management that encourages innovation. We
will be able to keep one step ahead of change, recognize emerging tendencies and
get on board with them, enhance your organization's commercial performance,
and make intelligent decisions about its human resources if the person has access
to relevant market knowledge (Chorna, 2022).
1.4. Perspective of Health Experts
Recognizing the tough emotions and mental states that are connected with
mental illness is an essential part of the rehabilitation process, as viewed from the
perspective of caregiving. This goes beyond the process of recognizing and
treating sentiments as symptoms, and instead acknowledges the truth of those
sensations. PWs may utilize this affirmation of experiential knowledge to urge the
individuals they were assisting to actively engage with their own feelings and
within the context of their own world, so concretizing the sentiments into the here
and now reality (Oborn et al., 2019).
Therefore, the tacit knowledge of PW included not only a unique
comprehension of coping with mental illness, but also a tacit knowing of the
treatment process and the responses of society as seen through the eyes of
someone who suffers from mental illness. The PW that was just read explains
how spending a year in a hospital ward can seem like "taking a year out of your
life," a temporal feeling of loss that must be acknowledged in order to effectively
connect with the patient and help them deal with the difficulty of the situation.
PW's capacity to communicate in a unique interactional space that engages the
life world of supported individuals is further reinforced by the subjective
information connected to stigma and prejudice experienced in a given time and
place. It was also understood that persons who received peer support had, in turn,
their own experienced knowledge of their mental health confirmed via the way
that the PW embodied experiential knowledge in their practice (Oborn et al.,
2019).
In the end, the persons who were getting peer assistance benefited from a
therapeutic and modelling impact brought about by the peer workers who
embodied their experiential knowledge in their roles. PW might serve as a model
for the supported person by demonstrating a positive course of action for the
supported person's sickness. This might provide the individual the ability to think
about their future in a more practical manner and realize that the current disease
they are experiencing will not last forever. The patient's current experience was
juxtaposed with the PW's embodied knowledge of a potentially bright future,
which gave therapeutic hope for the patient (Oborn et al., 2019).
RISK OF MENTAL HEALTH ST THE WORKPLACE

1.5. Risk Towards Workload Management

Any system that is subjected to an excessive load without any relief will
eventually fail. This holds true for individuals just as much as it does for pieces of
equipment. When there are no options to regulate the situation, increased
demands lead to tiredness on all levels (physical, psychological, and emotional),
which in turn increases stress and strain. People who are emotionally exhausted
often report feeling as though they have achieved less of their personal goals and
have a heightened awareness of their own shortcomings. One of the primary
reasons why workers have unfavorable feelings about their employment and the
companies that employ them is because of the excessive amount of work they are
expected to complete (Government of Canada, 2023).
1.6. Risk on Recognition and Reward
Employees' confidence in their own work and faith in the organization suffer
when they are not adequately recognized and rewarded for it. Employees may
experience feelings of demoralization or leave their jobs altogether. A
fundamental component to burnout and emotional anguish that can lead to a
variety of psychological and physical diseases is an imbalance between the
amount of work and the reward received for that effort (Government of Canada,
2023).
1.7. Risk on Protection and Physical Safety
The failure to protect employees' physical safety can lead to the creation of
working environments that are more likely to be hazardous. Employees who do
not believe their place of employment to be physically safe are more likely to feel
insecure and less involved in their work, in addition to the possibility that they
will sustain injuries or develop illnesses there (Government of Canada, 2023).
STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE MENTAL HEALTH AT WORKPLACE

Existing at a place of employment that acknowledges the need of striking a healthy

balance between the various demands of one's career, family, and personal life.
This aspect represents the reality that everyone juggles various responsibilities, such as
being an employee, a parent, a spouse, and so on. The fulfilment of individual talents
and obligations is made possible by these many roles, which may be fulfilling; yet, role
conflict or overload can result from responsibilities that are in conflict with one
another. Greater workplace flexibility allows individuals to reduce the amount of
tension that exists between their work lives and their personal lives by enabling them to
complete the activities that are essential in their daily lives. A person is considered to
be in a condition of well-being when they are able to effectively handle many duties at
work, at home, and in their community when they have achieved work-life balance.
The ideal work-life balance looks different for each individual, but it should promote
physical, emotional, familial, and community health without causing unnecessary
suffering, stress, or other adverse effects (Government of Canada, 2023).
The practice of treating one another, as well as customers, clients, and the
general public, with dignity and respect is highly valued at this company. Being
courteous and respectful involves treating others with worth and worthiness. Job
satisfaction, perceptions of fairness, attitude, morale, teamwork, interest in personal
development, problem-solving, supervisor-staff relationships, and absences due to
illness or leaving the company are all positively correlated with workplace civility and
respect. In a respectful and courteous workplace, employees are happier and more
fulfilled in their jobs. Employees, clients, and consumers alike may take pleasure in the
pleasant atmosphere thanks to everyone's cooperative behavior (Government of
Canada, 2023).
A work environment where workers are well-informed about their
responsibilities, their contributions to the company's success, and any upcoming
changes. Employee morale, resilience, and trust are all boosted by strong leadership,
while frustration and conflict are lessened. When leaders do their jobs well, workers are
happier at work, miss less work due to illness, and are less likely to take disability
retirements early. A leader's example of self-care may have a positive effect on the
well-being of both employees (in terms of sickness, presenteeism, and absenteeism) and
the organization as a whole (in terms of energy, vitality, and productivity) (Government
of Canada, 2023).
RISKS OF MENTAL HEALTH AMONG ADOLESCENTS

1.8. Trauma Effects

After experiencing a horrific experience, many people want to forget about it
as quickly as possible. This might prompt some teenagers to try alcohol or drugs
as a means of relief. Addiction is only one of many issues that can arise from
adolescent drug and alcohol use. Adolescents who have experienced trauma may
be more vulnerable than other teenagers to substance abuse and addiction.
Substance abuse, such as alcoholism or drug addiction, can develop in later life,
either together or independently of PTSD. While your adolescent may have the
support system they need to get past the acute phase of trauma, they may begin to
flounder and spiral into a time of depression, anxiety, or other mental health
disorders as they become adulthood. This can lead to people trying out various
substances for the first time. An intervention may be necessary if you see your
adolescent or adult kid is using drugs or alcohol to deal with the effects of a
traumatic event (Here's how adolescent trauma affects mental health 2021).
1.9. Stress
The state of one's mind can be affected by a number of things. Adolescents'
mental health may be negatively affected to a higher extent in proportion to the
number of risk factors to which they are exposed. Adversity, peer pressure to
conform, and the search for an individual's place in the world can all add up to a
stressful adolescent experience. The gap between an adolescent's present reality
and their hopes for the future can be widened by the combined effects of media
influence and gender stereotypes. The environment they grow up in and the
connections they make with their classmates are also major factors. Abuse
(particularly sexual abuse and bullying), neglect, and poverty all pose serious
threats to mental health (Mental health of adolescents 2021).
1.10. Genetic Factor
We are only starting to piece together how our own inherited physiology might
impact our mental health in the form of faulty gene expression and the existence
of certain genetic markers. In addition, it seems that some disorders are more
likely to be hereditary than others. This means that adolescent individuals who
have immediate family members who have been diagnosed with a certain ailment
have an increased risk of developing that condition themselves later in life. Both
depression and anxiety are among the most common forms of mental illness seen
by doctors across the globe. It is important to understand the difference between
emotion and disorder and to be able to distinguish between the two. While it is
normal and healthy to experience feelings of sadness and worry in most
situations, teenagers who are battling depression or anxiety are experiencing
unhealthy and disordered thoughts that can influence behavior. These thoughts
can lead to self-isolation, self-harm, suicidal ideation, irritability, conflict at home
and in school, and a variety of other negative outcomes (Visions, 2021).
STRATEGIES TO COPE WITH MENTAL HEALTH RISK AMONG
ADOLESCENTS

Assist young people and their families in recognizing difficult emotions,

accepting them, and developing as a result. This includes developing supportive
relationships with peers and adults, learning and implementing techniques for managing
difficult emotions, taking care of one's physical and mental health, limiting time spent
online, and asking for help when needed. Family members and careers may make a
difference by attending to their own emotional and psychological health, modelling
positive behavior around technology use, fostering positive relationships amongst
children, adolescents, and adults using technology, and learning to identify and address
concerns as they emerge. It's important for young people and their families to
understand that seeking help is a brave decision (Rosemberg & McPhaul, 2023).
Increase the timely gathering of data and research in order to detect the mental
health needs of kids and react to them more quickly. In order to understand how
mental health is changing among young people, the government need an integrated,
real-time data infrastructure. Additionally, there is a need for additional study on the
connection between technology and mental health, and in order to facilitate this
research, organizations that deal with technology should be more open with the data
and algorithmic processes that they use. In addition to this, there is a greater need for us
to have a better understanding of the requirements of adolescents who are at risk,
particularly those who face several dangers. It is important for governments and other
stakeholders to have direct conversations with young people in order to comprehend
trends and develop efficient solutions (Rosemberg & McPhaul, 2023).
Encourage positive mental health for kids and teens in classrooms,
neighborhoods, and daycares. A continuum of supports to meet the social, emotional,
behavioral, and mental health needs of children and youth, including the creation of
positive, safe, and affirming learning environments and the expansion of programs that
promote healthy development (such as social and emotional learning). This can only be
done by increasing funding for the training of early childhood educators (Rosemberg &
McPhaul, 2023).
Ask for aid. Find dependable adults, friends, or family members that you can speak
to about the difficult events you're going through. For instance, if you or someone you
know is being bullied, you should talk to an adult whom you can rely on. Reach out to
someone you look up to and trust if you are having trouble managing negative
emotions. Good people to talk to include a school nurse or counsellor, a teacher, a
parent or carer, a coach, a religious leader, or someone else in a position of authority.
When anything in your life causes you discomfort and causes it to interfere with your
life, you should consider seeking help via counselling or therapy. It may be challenging
and requires guts to reach out to others, but the rewards are well worth the effort since
they serve to remind us that we are not alone (Rosemberg & McPhaul, 2023).
RISKS OF MENTAL HEALTH AMONG SENIOR CITIZENS

1.11. Demographic
During the H1N1 pandemic, ex has a role in the onset of emotional distress.
Among those aged 65 and above in August 2020, 28% of women and 20% of
men reported experiencing anxiety or depression. This is to be anticipated, as pre-
COVD19 pandemic rates of depressed symptoms and diagnoses were greater
among older women. 30 The rates of depression and anxiety were found to be
26% and 19%, respectively, among people aged 65-74 and 80+ by Koma et al. in
August 2020. Race has a substantial impact, in addition to sex and age. Anxiety
and depression were reported by 33% of Hispanic individuals aged 65 and more,
higher than the percentages recorded by 26% of blacks, 23% of whites, and 17%
of Asians. Pre-pandemic research found that black older people had a greater rate
of depression than white older people, and that Hispanic older people also had
high rates of depression. Inequalities in the availability of mental health care and
other forms of medical assistance may explain why people of different races had
different levels of anxiety and sadness during the epidemic (Webb & Chen,
2021).
1.12. Living Situation
Anxiety and despair are more likely in those whose environments are disrupted
by the epidemic. Older persons who reported living alone were more likely to
experience anxiety and depression (27% vs. 24%) than those who lived with at
least one other person. Living alone, having a bad relationship with roommates,
and not having a pet were all significantly associated with depression in another
research of 126 Italian seniors with cognitive impairment. Climate and population
density may affect the range of physical activities available to seniors, which in
turn may have an effect on their mental health. It's no secret that the weather may
alter our emotions; for instance, one research linked warmer spring temperatures
to happier people and sharper memories. It may be easier and safer for seniors to
spend time outside in temperate areas. Evidence suggests that spending time in
nature may promote mental health in a variety of ways, including stress reduction,
physical fitness, interpersonal relationships, and overall well-being (Webb &
Chen, 2021).
1.13. Pre-existing Illness
 One of the most remarkable correlations between the COVID19 pandemic and
the onset of mental disease in the elderly is the presence of a coexisting
psychiatric disorder. Patients with preexisting anxiety or sleep issues are
disproportionately affected by the epidemic. Somatic flu-like symptoms, such as
myalgias or cold, are more common in older patients with high anxiety levels,
even when they are not infected with SARS-CoV-2. This perpetuates the concern
that they are afflicted and may transmit the virus to others. Similarly, elderly
people with a history of obsessive-compulsive disorder are more likely to have
irrational fears about the virus and engage in excessive, ritualistic measures to
protect themselves (Webb & Chen, 2021).
STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS MENTAL HEALTH NEEDS OF SENIOR CITIZENS

Psychotherapy, counselling, or "talk therapy" that may assist a person in

recognizing and altering troublesome feelings, ideas, and behaviors is referred to as
"talk therapy." It is possible to carry out this procedure with the assistance of a
psychiatrist, licensed clinical social worker (LCSW), psychologist, or any other
licensed mental health care practitioner. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (also known as
CBT) and interpersonal therapy (also known as IPT) are two examples of techniques
that are specifically designed to treat depression (Depression and older adults).
Medications for depression that may restore hormonal balance, including
serotonin and other chemicals that regulate mood. There is a wide variety of variety
in the antidepressant drugs that are typically used. Antidepressants known as selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are often recommended to older persons who
suffer from depression. Prescriptions for drugs and assistance with monitoring their use
and any adverse effects may be obtained from a general care physician, a mental health
nurse practitioner, or a psychiatrist (Depression and older adults).
Electroconvulsive Therapy, sometimes known as ECT, is a kind of treatment in
which electrodes are put on a patient's head in order to provide a low-level electric
current that is both safe and effective. If a person's condition has not improved after
receiving treatment from other methods, the doctor may suggest trying this kind of
treatment (Depression and older adults).
Promoting the health of the elderly, avoiding sickness, and treating chronic
diseases all depend on good general health and social care. Therefore, it is crucial to
train all healthcare professionals to deal with challenges and illnesses associated with
ageing. Primary mental health treatment that works well in the community for the
elderly is essential. Long-term care for elderly people with mental illness, and the
education, training, and support of their careers, are both very vital. The best possible
care for those living with mental illness and their careers depends on a legal climate
that is both supportive of those living with mental illness and grounded in universally
recognized human rights principles (Mental health of older adults).
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT REVOLUTIONISE THE HEALTH CARE
INDUSTRY

Strengthen your ability to make decisions in today's day of perpetual

information overload. If information is not centralized and readily available on the
move and around the clock, healthcare personnel may feel hampered in their ability to
make timely, potentially lifesaving judgements. A healthcare Knowledge management
system may improve the availability and dissemination of information, letting clinicians
more easily do research on patients' symptoms and conditions.
Knowledge protection might help reduce medical mistakes since healthcare,
like any other industry, is fiercely competitive. When workers in the healthcare
business quit their positions voluntarily or are laid off, valuable institutional knowledge
on how to perform medical procedures and best practices in their respective fields is
lost. This leaves significant possibility for mistake. Medical supplies, best practices,
and training opportunities may all be standardized with the help of healthcare KM
solutions. In this way, we can be confident that, even if an employee departs, the
important information will remain and be easily available to anybody, anywhere.
Encourage higher levels of skill acquisition: the medical industry is one that is
always undergoing change, with new medical treatments, drug research, and clinical
trials. Medical students cannot depend only on the information they have gained
through their academic studies in order to give patients with the best possible medical
treatment and guidance. They must always develop themselves more and improve their
skills. Through the establishment of a KM framework, healthcare organizations have
the ability to foster the sharing of information, best practices, learnings, industry
research and advancements that are accessible to everybody and may help individuals
improve their skills and learn from others.
REFERENCES

Chorna, I. (2022, August 25). Why is knowledge management so important?.

HRForecast. https://hrforecast.com/what-is-knowledge-management-and-why-its-
important/

Government of Canada, C. C. for O. H. and S. (2023, June 13). Mental health -

psychosocial risk factors in the workplace. Canadian Centre for Occupational
Health and Safety.
https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/psychosocial/mh/mentalhealth_risk.html

Here’s how adolescent trauma affects mental health. Paradigm Treatment Mental
Health Treatment For Teens and Young Adults. (2021, September 14).
https://paradigmtreatment.com/adolescent-trauma-affects-mental-health/

World Health Organization. (2021). Mental health of adolescents. World Health

Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-
mental-health#:~:text=The%20more%20risk%20factors%20adolescents,peers
%20and%20exploration%20of%20identity.

Visions. (2021, May 30). Genetic factors in teenage mental health. Visions Treatment
Centers. https://visionsteen.com/genetic-factors-teenage-mental-health/

Rosemberg, M.-A., & McPhaul, K. M. (2023). Mental health at work: The U.S. surgeon
general’s framework. Workplace Health & Safety, 71(4), 206–206.
https://doi.org/10.1177/21650799231162961

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Depression and older adults.
National Institute on Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/depression-and-
older-adults#:~:text=Psychotherapy%2C%20counseling%2C%20or
%20%E2%80%9Ctalk,licensed%20mental%20health%20care%20professional.