Word - Form Word Ch - tics Morphological IE Correspon Germanic Phonetic

From the Text from the Characteristics of the -dences Correspon Processes
Dictionary Word -dences

N 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ac þăraTerfinna land was eal weste , būton ðær huntan gewicodon , oppe fisceras , oppe fugeleras
1. Ac 1. Part of Speech: "ac" corresponds "ac" has the "ac" has
Noun to other Indo- following undergone
2. Singular: "ac" European correspondences certain phonetic
3. Plural: "acas" languages as : processes in its
4. Case: Nominative follows: 1. Old Saxon: evolution.
(subjective), Accusative 1. Old Norse: "ak"
(objective), Genitive "ekr" 2. Old High 1. Vowel
(possessive), and 2. Gothic: "aiks" German: "eih" Reduction: In
Dative (indirect object) 3. Latin: 3. Old Frisian: Old English, the
5. Gender: Masculine "aesculus" "ek" word "ac" had a
4. Greek: "skia" 4. Old Dutch: long vowel /aː/
"eik" in the stem.
Over time, this
vowel was
reduced to a
short /a/ sound.
2. Consonant
Shift: The
initial /a/ sound
in Old English
changed to /ɑ/ in
Middle English.
This change is
known as the
"Great Vowel
Shift."

2. "þăra" "þăra" is a genitive "þăra" "þăra" has "þăra"

plural form of the corresponds to cognates in other 1. Palatalization:
demonstrative pronoun certain forms in Germanic the velar
"þæt" (that). Its other Indo- languages. fricative /h/
morphological European 1. Old Norse: preceding the
characteristics include: languages. þeira vowel /a/ could
1. Case: Genitive 1. Latin: Illorum 2. Old High have
2. Number: Plural 2. Greek: τῶν German: dero palatalized,
3. Gender: Not (tôn) 3. Gothic: þize resulting in a
applicable 3. Sanskrit: sound change
(teṣām) from /h/ to /ç/.
2. Vowel
Reduction: The
vowel /ă/ in
"þăra" could
undergo vowel
reduction in
unstressed
syllables.

3. Terfinna land 1. Base forms: The "Terfinna land" "Terfinna land" Without specific
word "Terfinna land" does not have would belong to knowledge of
consists of two parts: direct the Germanic the word's
"Terfinna" and "land." counterparts in language family, historical
"Terfinna" is likely a the reconstructed and specific pronunciation or
proper noun, while Proto-Indo- correspondences phonetic
"land" is a common European (IE) with other changes, it is
noun meaning "land" or language. Since Germanic difficult to
"territory." "Terfinna" seems languages would determine the
to be a proper depend on the exact phonetic
2. Inflection: In Old noun, it is likely a specific elements processes that
English, nouns were specific place "Terfinna" and may have
inflected for case, name that may "land." Without affected
number, and gender. not have direct further "Terfinna land"
The specific inflected cognates in other information on in Old English.
forms of "Terfinna" and Indo-European the origins or However, Old
 "land" would languages. etymology of the English
depend on their word, it is underwent
grammatical roles in challenging to various phonetic
the sentence and the provide exact changes, such
declensions they Germanic as vowel shifts
belong to. Without correspondences and consonant
further context or . changes, which
knowledge of the could have
specific declensions, it influenced the
is difficult to provide the pronunciation of
inflected forms. individual
sounds within
3. Word structure: the word.
"Terfinna land" appears
to be a compound
noun. Compound
nouns in Old English
were created by
combining two or more
words to form a new
word with a distinct
meaning. "Terfinna"
likely functions as an
adjective or modifier
describing the type or
origin of the land, while
"land" serves as the
main noun.

4. was "was" is a past tense "was" has Indo- "was" also has "was"
form of the verb "to be." European (IE) correspondences underwent
It is the first and third correspondences. in other Germanic phonetic
person singular form. In In the Indo- languages. The processes that
Old English, verbs had European Germanic were
different conjugations language family, cognates of "was" characteristic of
based on person, related words can include: the language
number, and tense. be found in other 1. Old High during that time.
"Was" specifically languages. The German: was 1. Vowel Shifts:
corresponds to the past corresponding 2. Old Norse: var Old English
tense, indicative mood, forms of "was" in experienced
and singular number. other Indo- vowel shifts,
European where certain
languages vowel sounds
include: changed over
1. Latin: erat time. These
2. Ancient Greek: shifts affected
ἦν (ēn) the
3. Sanskrit: vás pronunciation of
(third person the word "was"
singular) and other words
in Old English.
2. Sound
Changes: Old
English also
underwent
various sound
changes, such
as consonant
shifts and vowel
mergers. These
changes could
affect the
pronunciation of
specific sounds
within the word
"was."

5. eal "eal" is an adjective "eal" has Indo- "eal" also has "eal" underwent
that means "all" or European (IE) correspondences phonetic
 "every." It is used to correspondences. in other Germanic processes that
describe the entirety or Similar words can languages. were
completeness of be found in other 1. Old Saxon: al characteristic of
something. In Old Indo-European 2. Old High the language
English, adjectives had languages. The German: al during that time.
different forms corresponding 3. Old Norse: allr 1. Vowel Shifts:
depending on gender, forms of "eal" in 4. Gothic: alls Old English
case, and number. other languages experienced
"Eal" specifically include: vowel shifts,
corresponds to the 1. Old Norse: allr where certain
nominative/accusative 2. Old High vowel sounds
singular form of the German: al changed over
adjective. 3. Latin: omnis time. These
4. Ancient Greek: shifts affected
ὅλος (holos) the
pronunciation of
the word "eal"
and other words
in Old English.
2. Sound
Changes: Old
English also
underwent
various sound
changes, such
as consonant
shifts and vowel
mergers. These
changes could
affect the
pronunciation of
specific sounds
within the word
"eal."

6. weste "weste" is a noun that "weste" has Indo- "weste" also has "weste"
means "waste" or European (IE) correspondences underwent
"desert." It refers to an correspondences. in other Germanic phonetic
uninhabited or Similar words can languages. processes that
uncultivated area. In be found in other 1. Old Saxon: were
Old English, nouns had Indo-European westo characteristic of
different forms languages. 2. Old High the language
depending on case, 1. Old Norse: German: westar during that time.
number, and gender. vestr 3. Old Norse: 1. Vowel Shifts:
"Weste" specifically 2. Old High vestr Old English
corresponds to the German: westar 4. Gothic: wasto experienced
nominative/accusative 3. Latin: vastus vowel shifts,
singular form of the 4. Ancient Greek: where certain
noun. ἔρημος (erēmos) vowel sounds
changed over
time. These
shifts affected
the
pronunciation of
the word
"weste" and
other words in
Old English.
2. Sound
Changes: Old
English also
underwent
various sound
changes, such
as consonant
shifts and vowel
mergers. These
changes could
affect the
pronunciation of
specific sounds
 within the word
"weste."

7. būton "būton" is a preposition "būton" has Indo- "būton" also has "būton"
or conjunction that European (IE) correspondences underwent
means "except" or correspondences. in other Germanic phonetic
"unless." It is used to Similar words can languages. processes that
indicate exclusion or be found in other 1. Old Saxon: were
limitation. In Old Indo-European būtan characteristic of
English, prepositions languages. 2. Old High the language
and conjunctions had 1. Old Norse: German: oba during that time.
different forms nema 3. Old Norse: 1. Vowel Shifts:
depending on case, 2. Old High nema Old English
number, and gender. German: iba experienced
"Būton" specifically 3. Latin: nisi vowel shifts,
corresponds to the form 4. Ancient Greek: where certain
used in the dative or εἰ μὴ (ei mē) vowel sounds
accusative case. changed over
time. These
shifts affected
the
pronunciation of
the word "būton"
and other words
in Old English.
2. Sound
Changes: Old
English also
underwent
various sound
changes, such
as consonant
shifts and vowel
mergers. These
changes could
affect the
pronunciation of
specific sounds
within the word
"būton."
8. ðær "ðær" is an adverb that "ðær" has Indo- "ðær" also has "ðær"
means "there" or European (IE) correspondences underwent
"where." It is used to correspondences. in other Germanic phonetic
indicate a location or Similar words can languages. processes that
position. In Old English, be found in other 1. Old Saxon: were
adverbs did not have Indo-European thar characteristic of
distinct forms for case, languages. 2. Old High the language
number, or gender. 1. Old Norse: þar German: dar during that time.
2. Old High 3. Old Norse: þar 1. Vowel Shifts:
German: dar 4. Gothic: þar Old English
3. Latin: ibi experienced
4. Ancient Greek: vowel shifts,
ἐκεῖ (ekei) where certain
vowel sounds
changed over
time. These
shifts affected
the
pronunciation of
the word "ðær"
and other words
in Old English.
2. Sound
Changes: Old
English also
underwent
various sound
changes, such
as consonant
shifts and vowel
mergers. These
 changes could
affect the
pronunciation of
specific sounds
within the word
"ðær."
9. huntan "huntan" is a verb that "huntan" has "huntan" also has "huntan"
means "to hunt." It Indo-European correspondences underwent
belongs to the class of (IE) in other Germanic phonetic
strong verbs in Old correspondences. languages. processes that
English, which Similar words can 1. Old Saxon: were
underwent vowel be found in other huntian characteristic of
changes to indicate Indo-European 2. Old High the language
tense and mood. languages. German: hundōn during that time.
"Huntan" specifically 1. Old Norse: 3. Old Norse: 1. Vowel Shifts:
corresponds to the jaga jaga Old English
infinitive form of the 2. Old High 4. Gothic: jaigan experienced
verb. German: hunda vowel shifts,
3. Latin: venari where certain
4. Ancient Greek: vowel sounds
θηρεύω (thēreúō) changed over
time. These
shifts affected
the
pronunciation of
the word
"huntan" and
other words in
Old English.
2. Sound
Changes: Old
English also
underwent
various sound
changes, such
as consonant
shifts and vowel
mergers. These
changes could
affect the
pronunciation of
specific sounds
within the word
"huntan."
10. gewicodon "gewicodon" is a verb "gewicodon" has "gewicodon" also "gewicodon"
that means "they Indo-European has underwent
yielded" or "they gave (IE) correspondences phonetic
way." It is the past correspondences. in other Germanic processes that
tense, indicative mood, Similar words can languages. were
and third-person plural be found in other 1. Old Saxon: characteristic of
form of the verb Indo-European wīkidun the language
"gewīcan." In Old languages. 2. Old High during that time
English, verbs had 1. Old Norse: German: wītun 1. Vowel Shifts:
different conjugations vikuðu 3. Old Norse: Old English
based on person, 2. Old High vikuðu experienced
number, tense, and German: wītun 4. Gothic: vowel shifts,
mood. "Gewicodon" 3. Latin: cedebant weihsedun where certain
specifically 4. Ancient Greek: vowel sounds
corresponds to the past ἔχιδνον (échidon) changed over
tense form, indicating time. These
that the action occurred shifts affected
in the past and that it the
was performed by a pronunciation of
group of people. the word
"gewicodon"
and other words
in Old English.
2. Sound
Changes: Old
English also
underwent
 various sound
changes, such
as consonant
shifts and vowel
mergers. These
changes could
affect the
pronunciation of
specific sounds
within the word
"gewicodon."

11. oppe fisceras "Oppe" is a preposition "oppe fisceras" "oppe fisceras" The phonetic
that means "upon" or does not have does not have processes of
"on." In Old English, direct Indo- direct Germanic "oppe fisceras"
prepositions had European (IE) correspondences would involve
different forms correspondences. . However, the the
depending on case, However, the individual words pronunciation of
number, and gender. individual words have Germanic the individual
However, "oppe" have IE cognates. For words based on
specifically correspondences. instance, the phonetic
corresponds to the Similar words can "fisceras" characteristics
preposition in its dative be found in other corresponds to of Old English.
or accusative form. Indo-European the Old Saxon These
"Fisceras" is a noun languages. For "fiskar" and Old processes
that means "fishes" or example, the High German include vowel
"fish." In Old English, corresponding "fiscara." shifts, sound
nouns had different forms of changes, and
forms depending on "fisceras" in Old assimilation.
case, number, and Norse are
gender. "Fisceras" "fiskar," and in
specifically Old High
corresponds to the German, it is
nominative/accusative "fiscara."
plural form of the noun.
12. oppe fugeleras "Oppe" is a preposition "oppe fugeleras" "oppe fugeleras" "oppe fugeleras"
that means "upon" or does not have does not have would involve
"on." In Old English, direct Indo- direct Germanic the
prepositions had European (IE) correspondences pronunciation of
different forms correspondences. . However, the the individual
depending on case, However, the individual words words based on
number, and gender. individual words have Germanic the phonetic
However, "oppe" have IE cognates. For characteristics
specifically correspondences. instance, of Old English.
corresponds to the Similar words can "fugeleras" These
preposition in its dative be found in other corresponds to processes
or accusative form. Indo-European the Old Saxon include vowel
"Fugeleras" is a noun languages. For "fugalar" and Old shifts, sound
that means "birds." In example, the High German changes, and
Old English, nouns had corresponding "fogal." assimilation.
different forms forms of
depending on case, "fugeleras" in Old
number, and gender. Norse are
"Fugeleras" specifically "fuglar," and in
corresponds to the Old High
nominative/accusative German, it is
plural form of the noun. "fogal."