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INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC
Final Examination
First Semester, S.Y. 2022-2023

Name: Score:
Part I – Identification. Answer the following in a space provided before each number.
__________________ 1. It is denoted the set of all elements x in U such that x is not in A.
__________________ 2. It is a proposition in which one clause asserts something as true provided that the other clause is
true.
__________________ 3. A symbol used to signify the affirmative proposition, if its either universal or singular.
__________________ 4. An Extension used in the statement “Some students in the subject are not criminology.”
__________________ 5. It is written using propositional logic, p, q, and r, which is used to represent statements.
__________________ 6. The implication of the statement p and q is the compound statement “if p then q” symbolically, p
–> q, where –> is the symbol for “if then” p is called hypothesis and q is called conclusion.
__________________ 7. It is denoted by ~ p, where ~ is the symbol for “not.”
__________________ 8. A compound statement of p and q, symbolically p <=> q, where <=> is the symbol for “if and
only if.”
__________________ 9. It is a compound statement that is true for all possible combinations of the truth values of the
propositional variables also called logically true.
__________________ 10. It is a compound statement that can be either true or false, depending on the truth value of the
propositional variables are neither a tautology or contradiction.

Part II – Enumeration. Give at least ten (10) symbols and its functions, that is commonly used in the operation of
Venn Diagram (2 points each).
Part III– True or False. Write T if the statement is correct and if it is wrong underline the word that makes the
statement incorrect (2 pts. Each).
1. If p is true and q is true, then p and q is true.
2. If p is false and q is false, then p and q is true.
3. If p is true and q is false, then p٧q is true; otherwise, the conjunction of p and q is false.
4. If the disjunction of the statement p and q are both false, then the statement p٧q is false.
5. The truth value of the negation of a statement is always the reverse of the truth value of the original statement.
6. If p is false if then q is false, then p –> q is true.
7. If the hypothesis is false then the conclusion is true, therefore p–>q is true.
8. If p and q are true or both false, the biconditional of the statement is true.
9. If p and q are true or both false, the exclusive-or of the statement p and q is true.
10. The contradiction is a compound statement that is true for all possible combinations of the truth values of its
propositional variables also called logically true.

Part IV– Illustrate the following problems (5 pts. Each).

1. Find all the subset of set A = {1,2,3,4}.
2. Find the union of A and B using the following; Let set A = {a, b, c, d, e}, and set B = {c, d, e, f, g}.
3. Find the intersection of the following using the given sets; Let set A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12} and set B = {4, 8, 12,
16, 20, 24}.
4. If the Universal set are {3, 6, 2, 1, 4, 5, 7}, the set A contains the following numbers {1, 2, 3} and set B contains
{4, 5, 6}, since, the intersection of A and B are empty, therefore A and B are disjoint sets.
5. If the Universal set are {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, then set A are {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. What is the complement of
A?
6. If set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and set B = {4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12}. What is the relative complement of A?
7. A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, B = {2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5}, where A=B.
8. Find the power sets of S = {a, b, c, d, e}.
9. If A = {0}. Find p(S).
10. A total of 60 students are complying to Sir Randy, 27 of them are complying for midterm and 12 of them are
complying for the final requirements. How many students are complying for both midterm and finals?
11. Shade the portion where the subjects are part of a predicate using the given statement. “All criminology students
are enrolled to NSTP.”
12. There are 106 students officially enrolled in Criminology section, 59 in Information Technology section and 27
were officially enrolled in HRM. However, there are 26 students officially enrolled in both Criminology and
Information Technology section, 64 in both I.T. and HRM and 79 in both Criminology and HRM section. How
many students are officially enrolled in both of the three sections?

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