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H2 MATHEMATICS
2018 JC1 PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATION SOLUTION
Q1. Inequalities
Assessment Objectives Solution Feedback
3
x
x2
3
x 0
x2
3 x2 2x
0
x2
x 3 x 1
0
x2
+ +
1 2 3
1 x 2 or x 3
Page 1 of 27
Q2. System of Linear Equations
Assessment Objectives Solution Feedback
At (10, 28): 28 a (10)2 b(10) c 100a 10b c 28
Equation of graph y f ( x ) :
2
y a x b x c
2
At (5,3): 3 a 5 b 5 c 25a 5b c 3
Page 2 of 27
Q3. Transformations
Assessment Objectives Solution Feedback
(i)
x3
y 5
O 4, 0
(ii)
1
4,
7
5
0,
11
O (3,0) y0
1
x
2
Page 3 of 27
Q4. Sigma Notation
Assessment Objectives Solution Feedback
1 A B C
(i) Let
r r 1 r 2 r r 1 r 2
1 A r 1 r 2 Br r 2 Cr r 1
1
Sub r 0 , A
2
Sub r 1 , B 1
1
Sub r 2 , C
2
1 1 1 1
r r 1 r 2 2r r 1 2 r 2
Page 4 of 27
n
1 n 1 1 1
(ii) r r 1 r 2 2r r 1 2 r 2
r 3 r 3
1 1 1
2 3 3 1 2 3 2
1 1 1
2 4 4 1 2 4 2
1 1 1
2 5 5 1 2 5 2
...
1 1 1
2 n 2 n 3 2 n 4
1 1 1
2 n 1 n 2 2 n 3
1 1 1
2n n 1 2 n 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 4 2 n 1 2n n 1
1 1 1
4 2 n 1 2n
1 1
4 2n n 1
n n n
1 1 1
(iii) r ! r r 1 r 2 (3)(2)(1) r r 1 r 2
r 3 r 3 r 3
1 1 1 1
[since n 3 0]
4 2n n 1 4 2n n 1
Page 5 of 27
Q5. Vector (Basic)
Assessment Objectives Solution Feedback
(i) 2a b 2a b 4 a a 2 b a 2 a b b b
2 2
4 a 4 a b b
2a b 4 a 4 a b b
2 2 2
182 4 52 4 a b 102
4 a b 182 4 52 102
a b 31
Alternative Method:
B D
O A C
Let C be a point such that OC 2a and D be a point such that
OD 2a b . Then Triangle OBC is isosceles and M is the mid-point of
both OD and BC.
AOB 9
2
9 31
Hence cos cos AOB 2 1
2 10 10 50
31
a b a b cos AOB 5 10 31 (shown)
50
Page 6 of 27
(ii) b
a is the length of projection of OA onto OB
b
b 1 1
a ab 31 3.1
b b 10
(iii) If P, Q and R are collinear, then PQ = k PR
4a + 3b 3a 2b k 7a + b 3a 2b
a + 5b k 4a 2 b
Comparing coefficients,
1
4k 1 k
4
1
k 2 5 2 5
4
18
Alternative Method:
Using cross product of parallel vectors to be zero vector and that a and b are
not parallel.
PQ PR 0
a + 5b 4a 2 b 0
4 a a 20 b a 2 a b 5 2 b b 0
0 20 a b 2 a b 0 0
18 a b 0
18 0 since a b 0
18
Page 7 of 27
Q6. Arithmetic & Geometric Progression
Assessment Objectives Solution Feedback
(i) 8 5 x 3 x 3x 3 x
2 4 8
3x 3x 3x 5x 8 0
8 4 2
Page 8 of 27
(iv) Method :
n
2 8 n 11.08 2018
2
n
n 2
2 8 n 11.08
54 1977.5
55 2043.8
56 2111.2
Least n 55
Method :
n
2 8 n 11.08 2018
2
0.54n 2 7.46n 2018 0
n 54.613 n 68.428 0
n 54.613 or n 68.428 (rej. since n 0 )
Least n 55
Page 9 of 27
Q7. Techniques of Differentiation
Assessment Objectives Solution Feedback
(i) kx 2 xy 3 y 5
2 2
dy dy
2kx 2 x 2 y 6 y 0
dx dx
dy 2kx 2 y
dx 6 y 2 x
kx y
shown
3y x
dy
(ii) For tangents parallel to x-axis, 0 ,
dx
kx y 0
y
y kx or x
k
Method :
Substitute y kx into C,
kx 2 2 x kx 3 kx 5
2
x 2 k 3k 2 5
5
x2
k 3k 2
Since k is a non-zero constant,
k 3k 2 0
k 1 3k 0
1
k 0
3
Page 10 of 27
Method :
y
Substitute x into C,
k
2
y y
k 2 y 3y2 5
k k
ky 2ky 2 3k 2 y 2 5k 2
2
y 2 k 3k 2 5k 2
5k 2
y2
k 3k 2
5k
1 3k
Since k is a non-zero constant,
5k
0
1 3k
1
k 0
3
Method : [Discriminant]
Substitute y kx into C,
kx 2 2 x kx 3 kx 5
2
5
x 2 k 3k 2 5 x2
k 3k 2
k 3k x
2 2
50
b 4ac 0
2
0 4 k 3k 2 5 0
k 3k 2 0
k 1 3k 0
1
k 0
3
1 1
Since k 0, k , k 0
3 3
Page 11 of 27
Method : [Discriminant]
y
Substitute x into C,
k
2
y y
k 2 y 3y2 5
k k
ky 2 2ky 2 3k 2 y 2 5k 2
5k 2
y 2 k 3k 2 5k 2 0 y2
k 3k 2
b 2 4ac 0
0 4 k 3k 2 5k 2 0
k 3k 2 0
k 1 3k 0
1
k 0
3
1 1
Since k 0, k , k 0
3 3
(iii) dx
k 13, x = 1 and y = 2, 5
dt
dy 13 1 2
=3
dx 3 2 1
dy dy dx
=15 units per second.
dt dx dt
Page 12 of 27
Q8. Maclaurin’s Series
Assessment Objectives Solution Feedback
Method :
y 7 cos 2 x
1/3
y 3 7 cos 2 x
dy
3 y2 2sin 2 x shown
dx
Method :
y 7 cos 2 x 3
1
dy 1
7 cos 2 x 3 2sin 2 x
2
dx 3
2sin 2 x
3 7 cos 2 x 3
2
dy
3y2 2sin 2 x shown
dx
2
d2 y dy
(i) 3y 2
2
6 y 4cos 2 x
dx dx
When x 0, y 2 ,
dy
0,
dx
d2 y d2 y 1
3 4 2 0 4 2
dx dx 3
y 2
1
3 x 2 ...
2!
1
2 x 2 ...
6
Page 13 of 27
1
2 x 2 3
(ii)
y 7 1
2
8 2 x2
1
3
1
x2 3
2 1
4
1
1 x2 3
2 1 ...
3 4
1
2 x 2 ... verified
6
Page 14 of 27
Q9. Graphing Techniques
Assessment Objectives Solution Feedback
(i) For C1:
2x2 5x 3
y x 3
2x 1 2x 1
1
Equation of asymptotes are y x 3 and x .
2
For C2:
1 7
Curve C2 is a hyperbola with center , . Consider
2 2
2 2
1 7
x y 0
2 2
2 2
7 1
y x
2 2
7 1
y x
2 2
1 7
, is the point of intersection for all three asymptotes.
2 2
Page 15 of 27
(ii)
y x 4 2x2 5x
y
2x 1
y x3
x 2 x y 2 7 y 11 0
1.72,5.95
0.5,3.5 1.5,3.5
0.725,1.05
0.5,3.5
1
x
2
Page 16 of 27
Q10. Applications of Differentiation
Assessment Objectives Solution Feedback
k sin
(a)(i) I
d2
h
k
d
2
d
kh
3
d
kh
3
h2 R 2
kh
h R2
2 3/ 2
3
h R2 h h 2 R 2 (2h)
2 3/ 2 1/ 2
dI 2
(ii) k
h R2
3
dh 2
h R2
1/ 2
2
h 2 R 2 3h 2
k
h R2
2 3
k R 2h 2 2
h R 2 2 5/ 2
dI
To achieve maximum I, 0,
dh
R 2 2h 2 0
R2 R 2R
h (since h 0 )
2 2 2
R
Hence I is maximum when h .
2
Page 17 of 27
OP
(b)(i) tan
OB
3t
tan 1
20 2t
3t
(ii) tan 1
20 2t
d 3t
tan 1
dt 20 2t
1
20 2t 3 3t 2
20 2t
2 2
3t
1
20 2t
20 2t
2
60
20 2t 3t 20 2t
2 2 2
60
9t 20 2t
2 2
60
13t 80t 400
2
Page 18 of 27
(iii) Method :
To find the maximum rate of change of , sketch the graph of
d 120
.
dt 13t 80t 400
2
Method :
d 2 120
2
26t 80
13t 80t 400
2
dt 2
d 2
When the rate of change of is maximum, 0
dt 2
26t 80 0
80
t
26
40
or 3.08 s
13
Page 19 of 27
Q11. Functions
Assessment Objectives Solution Feedback
(i) Method :
1
y 2
x
↓ Replace x with x + 2
1
y
x 2
2
↓ Replace y with – y
1
y
x 2
2
↓ Replace y with y – a
1
y a
x 2
2
Transformations:
1. Translate 2 units in the negative x-direction.
2. Reflection about the x-axis.
3. Translate a units in the positive y-direction.
Page 20 of 27
Method :
1
y 2
x
↓ Replace x with x + 2
1
y
x 2
2
↓ Replace y with y + b
1
y a
x 2
2
↓ Replace y with – y
1
y a
x 2
2
Transformations:
1. Translate 2 units in the negative x-direction.
2. Translate a units in the negative y-direction
3. Reflection about the x-axis.
3
Page 21 of 27
(iv) f x x2 4 x 3 x 2 7
2
Let y x 2 7
2
x 2
2
7 y
x 2 7 y
Since x 2, x 2 7 y .
f 1 x 2 7 x
D f 1 R f (,7]
Page 22 of 27
(v)
y f ( x)
yx
y f 1 ( x)
x
2 1 2
3 21
Since x 2, x
2
Page 23 of 27
Q12. Vectors (Lines and Planes)
Assessment Objectives Solution Feedback
(i) t
Position vector of asteroid: ;
t
600 2t
0
Equation of plane: r 0 0
1
t 0
t 0 0
600 2t 1
6 0 0 2t 0
t 30 0 s
The asteroid will hit the surface in 300 seconds.
(ii) 0 1 120 p
0 t 1 20 t q
600 2 0 8
t 120 pt
t 20 qt
600 2t 8t
t 60
p3
4
q
3
Hence the position vector of point of impact is
0 1 60
0 60 1 = 60
600 2 480
Page 24 of 27
(iii)
1 3
4
1 3
2
8
Required angle cos 1
6 673
9
35
cos 1 3
6 673
9
56.6 or 0.987 rad
Page 25 of 27
(iv)
Method :
0
Let a position vector lying on the mid-point plane be 35 .
0
Let the position vector of its reflection about the plane be OW .
60
0
60 OW
480
35
From ratio theorem, 0 2
60
OW 10
480
2 60 2
Therefore, r 1 10 1 370
1 480 1
2
r 1 370
1
2 x y z 370
The Cartesian equation is 2 x y z 370 .
Page 26 of 27
Method :
Let the position vectors of the mid-points be OM .
x
Let the position vectors of the final points be y .
z
60 x
60 y x 60
480 z 1
From ratio theorem, OM y 60
2 2
z 480
x 60 2
1
Therefore, y 60 1 35
2
z 480 1
1
2 x 120 y 60 z 480 35
2
2 x y z 370
The Cartesian equation is 2 x y z 370 .
Page 27 of 27