MATH SL

EXERCISES 2.6-2.7 SOLUTIONS

TRANSFORMATIONS OF FUNCTIONS - ASYMPTOTES
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis

TRANSFORMATIONS
A. Practice Questions (No questions)

B. Past Paper Questions (SHORT)

1. (a) (i)
y
2

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
–1

–2 (A2) (C2)
(ii)
y
2

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
–1

–2 (A2) (C2)
(b) A′ (3, 2) (Accept x = 3 , y = 2 ) (A1)(A1) (C2)
[6]
2. (a) D (b) C (c) A (A2 N2) each
[6]
Extra question:
B f(x)+2 E f (x-2)
3. (a) (i) 1 (ii) 0.5 A1A1 N1N1
(b) and (c)
y y
5 5

4 4

3 3
2 2
1 1

x x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
–1 –1
–2 –2

–3 –3
–4 –4
–5 –5
A2 N2
A2 N2
[6]
Extra question:
y = f (x) y = 3 f (−x) y = f (2x).
Domain 0≤x≤4 -4 ≤ x ≤ 0 0≤x≤2
Range 0≤y≤1 0≤y≤3 0≤y≤1

1
4. (a)
y
4

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 x
–1

–2

–3

–4

M1A1 N2
Note: Award M1 for evidence of reflection in x-axis, A1 for correct vertex and all
intercepts approximately correct.
(b) (i) g (−3) = f (0) (A1)
f (0) = − 1.5 A1 N2
 − 3
(ii) translation (accept shift, slide, etc.) of   A1A1 N2
 0 
[6]
Extra question:
y = f (x) y = − f (x) y = f (x+3).
Domain -1 ≤ x ≤ 4 -1 ≤ x ≤ 4 -4 ≤ x ≤ 1
Range -4 ≤ y ≤ 0.5 0.5 ≤ y ≤ 4 -4 ≤ y ≤ 0.5

5. (a)
y

3.5

2.5

1.5

1
(1, 12 )
0.5

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 x
–0.5

–1

–1.5

–2

–2.5 (A2) (C2)

 3
(b) Minimum: 1,  Maximum: (2, 2) (A1) (C1) (A1)(C1)
 2
[4]
Extra question:
(c)
y = f (x) + 5 (1, 5.5) y = f (x + 5) (-4,0.5)
y = f (x) − 5 (1,-4.5) y = f (x − 5) (6,0.5)
y = 5f (x) (1,2.5) y = f (5x) (0.2,0.5)
y = f (x) / 5 (1,0.1) y = f (x / 5) (5,0.5)
y = − f (x) (1,-0.5) y = f (− x) (-1,0.5)

2
6. (a) g (x) = 2 f (x – l)
x 0 1 2 3
x–1 –1 0 1 2
f (x – 1) 3 2 0 1

g (0) = 2 f (–1) = 6 g (1) = 2 f (0) = 4 (A1) (C1) (A1)(C1)

g (2) = 2 f (l) = 0 g (3) = 2 f (2) = 2 (A1) (C1) (A1)(C1)
(b) Graph passing through (0, 6), (1, 4), (2, 0), (3, 2) (A1)
Correct shape. (A1)
y
8

6
E
5

4
A
3
B
2
D
1
C
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x

–1

–2

(C2)
[6]
Extra question:
(c)
y = f (x) + 3 (-1, 6) y = f (x + 3) (-4,3)
y = f (x) − 3 (-1,0) y = f (x − 3) (2,3)
y = 3f (x) (-1,9) y = f (3x) (-1/3,3)
y = f (x) / 3 (-1,1) y = f (x / 3) (-3,3)
y = − f (x) (-1,-3) y = f (− x) (1,3)

y = 2 f (x-3)+4 (2,10)

[for the last one: (-1,3) → (-1,6) → (2,6) → (2,10) ]

3
7.
y
6

5
(a)

3
(b)

–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
–1

–2

–3

–4

–5

–6

(a) (A1)(A1) (C2)

(b) (A1)(A3) (C4)
(a) Note: Award (A1) for the correct line, (A1) for using the given domain.
(b) Correct domain (A1)
EITHER
The correct line drawn (A3)
OR
g (x) = f (x + 3) – 2
= (2(x + 3) + 1) – 2 (M1)
= 2x + 5 (A1)
Candidate’s line drawn (A1)
OR
g (–3) = –1 g (–1) = 3 (A1)(A1)
Line joining g (–3) and g (–1) drawn (A1)
[6]
Extra question:
y = f (x) y = g (x)
Domain 0≤x≤2 –3 ≤ x ≤ –1
Range 1≤y≤5 -1 ≤ y ≤ 3

8. (a) y = (x – 1)2 (A2) (C2)

(b) y = 4(x – 1)2 (A1) (C1)
(c) y = 4(x – 1)2 + 3 (A1) (C1)
Note: Do not penalize if these are correctly expanded.
[4]
(d)
y = f (x) + 3 (0,3) y = f (x + 1) (-4,0)
y = f (x) − 3 (0,-3) y = f (x − 1) (1,0)
y = 4f (x) (0,0) y = f (2x) (0,0)
y = f (x) / 4 (0,0) y = f (x / 2) (0,0)
y = − f (x) (0,0) y = f (− x) (0,0)

2
y = 4(x-1) +3 (1,3)

[for the last one, we gradually obtain: (0,0) → (1,0) → (1,0) → (1,3) ]

4
9. (a) For attempting to complete the square or expanding y = 2(x − c)2 + d,
or for showing the vertex is at (3, 5) M1
y = 2(x − 3)2 + 5 (accept c = 3, d = 5) A1A1 N2
(b) (i) k=2 A1 N1
(ii) p = 3 A1 N1
(iii) q = 5 A1 N1
[6]
10.

8
y = x2

6 2
y = 5–3(x–4)

–2 0 2 4 6
q=5 (A1) (C1)
k = 3, p = 4 (A3) (C3)
[4]

11. (a) (i) h=3 A1 N1

(ii) k = 1 A1 N1
(b) g (x) = f (x − 3) + 1, 5 − (x − 3)2 + 1, 6 − (x − 3)2, − x2 + 6x − 3 A2 N2
(c)
y
T
V

–8 0 8 x

M1A1 N2
Note: Award M1 for attempt to reflect through
y-axis, A1 for vertex at approximately (− 3, 6).
[6]
12. (a) For a reasonable attempt to complete the square, (or expanding)
3x2 – 12x + 11 = 3(x2 – 4x + 4)+ 11 – 12
= 3(x – 2)2 – 1 (Accept h = 2, k = l) A1A1 2
(b) METHOD 1
Vertex shifted to (2 + 3, –1 + 5) = (5, 4) M1
so the new function is 3 (x – 5)2 + 4 (Accept p = 5, q = 4) A1A1 2
METHOD 2
g (x) = 3((x – 3) – h)2 + k + 5 = 3((x – 3)–2)2 – 1 + 5 M1
= 3(x – 5)2 + 4 (Accept p = 5, q = 4) A1A1 2
[6]

5
ASYMPTOTES
A. Practice Questions
13.
Function Vertical asymptote Horizontal
2
asymptote
f ( x) = x=5 y=0
x−5
2
f ( x) = +1 x=5 y =1
x−5
2
f ( x) = −1 x=5 y = −1
x−5
2x + 7
f ( x) = x=5 y=2
x −5
2x + 7
f ( x) = +1 x=5 y =3
x −5
x+7
f ( x) = x=3 y=1
2x − 3 2 2
− 4x + 1
f ( x) = x =3 y = −2
2x − 6
− 4x + 1
f ( x) = +3 x =3 y =1
2x − 6
5− x
f ( x) = x = −5 y = −1
5+ x
3x 2 + 5 x + 3
f ( x) = x =1, x = 2 y =3
( x − 1)( x − 2)

B. Past Paper Questions (SHORT)

14. (a) Correct vertical shift (A1)
Coordinates of the images (see diagram) (A1) (A1)
y

B(5, 4)

B’(3, 1)

A(–5, –4)

A’(–7, –7)

(b) Asymptote: y = –3 (A1)

[4]
Extra question:
(c)
y = f (x) + 3 y=3 y = f (x + 3) y=0
y = f (x) − 3 y = -3 y = f (x − 3) y=0
y = 3f (x) y=0 y = f (3x) y=0
y = f (x) / 3 y=0 y = f (x / 3) y=0
y = − f (x) y=0 y = f (− x) y=0

6
15. (a)
y
6

5 2
4

2 3
1
A (–1, 1)
1

0 x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5
–1

–2

–3

A1A1A1 N3
Notes: Award A1,A1 for left and right end points in circles 1,3, A1 for max in circle 2
(b) y = 1 (must be an equation) A1 N1
(c) (0, 3) A1A1 N2
[6]
Extra question:
(d)
y = f (x) + 3 y=2 y = f (x + 3) y = -1
y = f (x) − 3 y = -4 y = f (x − 3) y = -1
y = 3f (x) y = -3 y = f (3x) y = -1
y = f (x) / 3 y = -1/3 y = f (x / 3) y = -1
y = − f (x) y=1 y = f (− x) y = -1

16. (a) (i) p=2 (A2) (C2)

q
(ii) 10 = (or equivalent), so q = 10 (M1) (A1) (C2)
3–2
(b) Reflection, in x-axis (A1)(A1) (C2)
[6]
17. (a)

A1A1A1 N3
Notes: Award A1 for both asymptotes shown.The asymptotes need not be labelled.
Award A1 for the left branch in approximately correct position,
A1 for the right branch in approximately correct position.
5
(b) (i) y = 3, x = (must be equations) A1A1 N2
2
14  7  14  
(ii) x =  or 2.33 , also accept  , 0   A1 N1
6 3  6 
14   14  
(iii) y= ( y = 2.8)  accept  0 ,  or (0 , 2.8) A1 N1
6   5 
[7]

7
18. (i) p = 2 A2 N2
(ii) q = 1 A2 N2
[4]
19. (a)
y
6

x
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3
A1A1 2
Note: Award (A1) for the general shape and (A1) for the j-intercept at 1.
(b) x = 3, x = –3 A1A1 2
(c) y≥1 A2 2
Note: Award N1 for y > 1.
[6]

C. Past Paper Questions (LONG)

20. (a) x1 = –0.790 and x1 = 1.79 (A1)(A1) 2

(b) (i) a = –0.790 (ii) b = 1.79 (A1)(A1) 2
(c) When x is large, the value of g (x) becomes much larger than the value of 2x3. (R1)
2 x3
As a consequence, the value of approaches 0. Thus f (x) approaches 1.(R1)(AG) 2
g ( x)
(d) (i) At A, x = –1 (ii) At B, x = 1 (A1)(A1) 2
[8]

21. (a) x = 1.43 (A1)

(b) (i) (3, -131) (A1)
Note: Award no marks if this answer is seen together with extra answers.
(ii) -131 ≤ y ≤ 208.2 (A1)
(c) x = 4 , x = 1.43 (allow ft from part (a)) (A1)(A1) (N2)
(d) x=3 (A2) (N2)
[7]

8
22. (a) f (x) = 3(x2 + 2x + 1) − 12= 3x2 + 6x + 3 − 12= 3x2 + 6x − 9 A1A1 AG N0
(b) (i) vertex is (−1, −12) A1A1 N2
(ii) x = −1 (must be an equation) A1 N1
(iii) (0, − 9) A1 N1
(iv) evidence of solving f (x) = 0 (eg factorizing, formula) (M1)
correct working eg 3(x + 3)(x − 1) = 0 A1
(−3, 0), (1, 0) A1A1 N1N1
(c)
y

x
–3 1

–9

–12
A1A1 N2
Notes: Award A1 for a parabola opening upward,
A1 for vertex and intercepts in approximately correct positions.
 p  −1 
(d)   =   , t = 3 (accept p = − 1, q = −12, t = 3) A1A1A1 N3
 q   − 12 

[15]
2x + 1 7
23. (a) (i) f (x) = =2+ by division or otherwise (M1)
x−3 x−3
Therefore as x → ∞ f (x) → 2⇒ y = 2 is an asymptote (A1) (AG)
2x + 1
OR lim = 2⇒ y = 2 is an asymptote (M1)(A1) (AG)
x →∞ x − 3

Note: Accept inexact methods based on the ratio of the coefficients of x.

(ii) Asymptote at x = 3 (A1)
(iii) P(3, 2) (A1) 4
1  1 
(b) f (x) = 0 ⇒ x = –  − , 0  (M1)(A1)
2 2 
1  1
x = 0 ⇒ f (x) = –  0, −  (M1)(A1) 4
3  3
Note: These do not have to be in coordinate form.
(c)
y

3 x

(A4) 4
Note: Asymptotes (A1) Intercepts (A1) “Shape” (A2).
[12]

9
24. (a) METHOD 1
Attempting to interchange x and y (M1)
Correct expression x = 3y − 5 (A1)
−1 x+5
f ( x) = A1 N3
3
METHOD 2
Attempting to solve for x in terms of y (M1)
y+5
Correct expression x = (A1)
3
−1 x+5
f ( x) = A1 N3
3
(b) For correct composition (g−1◦ f) (x) = (3x − 5) + 2 (A1)
(g−1◦ f) (x) = 3x − 3 A1 N2
x+3 12
(c) = 3x − 3 (x + 3 = 9 x − 9) so x = (A1)A1 N2
3 8
(d) (i)

y=3

x=2

A1A1A1 N3
Note: Award A1 for approximately correct x and y intervals, A1 for two branches
of correct shape, A1 for both asymptotes.
(ii) (Vertical asymptote) x = 2, (Horizontal asymptote) y = 3 A1A1 N2
(Must be equations)
[12]

10