1st slide

Nationalism
- An ideology that unites the people of a nation.
- Emphasizes loyalty, devotion, and unity.
2nd slide

* Nationalism aims to gain and maintain a nation’s sovereignty.

3rd slide

* Nationalism is the belief that a nation should have its own

state. The ideology of nationalism claims that a nation is not
complete without territory. {relation to the concept of nation,
state and nation-state} It also says that the geopolitical
situation is unjust, or unfair, if a nation does not have, or is not
allowed to have, its own territory.
* His novels awakened Philippine nationalism.
*Noli me Tangere was considered to be one of the instruments
that initiated Filipino. The novel did not only awaken sleeping
Filipino awareness, but also established the grounds for
aspiring to independence.

* Rizal’s nationalism -- he emphasized the importance of the

tagalog language and its impact upon the Philippines
4th slide

Topic 4 Human Rights Denied to Filipinos

- The Spanish people have had access to various
constitutions and other human rights since the introduction of
the Spanish Constitution of 1812 and other constitutions in
subsequent years (except freedom of religion).
- The Filipinos were denied of basic human rights such as
freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom of
association.
* Rizal defended the Filipinos civil rights.
*He was the one who led the Filipinos to start a revolution
against the Spanish Government to attain freedom and to gain
control of the country.

Topic 6 Maladministration of Justice

- The courts of justice in the Philippines during Rizal’s time
were notoriously corrupt.
- Justice was costly, partial and slow. Poor Filipinos had no
access to the courts because they could not afford the heavy
expenses of litigation. ( discrimination )
 - Jose Rizal and his family were victims of Spanish Injustice.
( the Rizal family suffered injustice under the ruling Spaniards
despite their political and social status in life. )
* Rizal’s mother, Teodora Alonzo, who was 54 years old at that
time and was near blind, was arrested and was made to walk
more than 30 kilometers from their home to a detention cell.

The rizal family was driven out from their lands because the
Dominican friars claimed the whole of Calamba as their
domain.

*In both novels noli e tangere and el filibusterismo, Rizal

harshly criticized the Spanish colonial rule in the country and
exposed the ills of Philippine society at the time.

Topic 8 Frailocracy
- is also called as a government of friars.
- During the Spanish colonization, the power given to the
friars was immense. They saw this as a benefit and developed
their own nefarious strategies to coerce individuals into
subjecting them to cruel treatment. They had complete control
over both religion and education, and they were able to achieve
political influence, which increased their wealth.
 - Rizal denounce the friars as the enemies of liberal
reforms and modern progress in the Philippines.
* Rizal was openly criticized of the friars
* “the pen was mightier than the sword.” That is why through
his writings, he exposed the corruption and wrongdoings of
government officials as well as the Spanish friars.

* Ibarra learns that his father, Don Rafael, died while in prison
and Father Damaso had his corpse exhumed and removed from
the Christian cemetery (i.e., dumped into a river).

* Rizal will always be remembered for his compassion towards

the Filipino people and the country.

3 Questions for quiz

1. It is also known as the government of friars. Frailocracy
2. Claims that a nation is not complete without territory.
Nationalism
3. Based on the report, give one human right that the Filipinos
were denied of.