Diffun Campus: "Molding Minds, Shaping Future"

QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
MODULE 3 PERIODS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

Week 4
COMPETENCIES
 Describe the basic periods and developmental tasks in each stage of human
development.
 State how the developmental tasks affect the role of a teacher as a facilitator of learning.
OVERVIEW
This module acquaints the pre-service teacher with the periods of human development
as a process and the developmental tasks corresponding to each developmental period
Descriptions are given to capture the distinct characteristics of each period.
DEVELOPMENT
A. Activity
1. Look closely at the pictures. Arrange them following a logical sequence
VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence and Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate appropriate
prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino Province and knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino Province and
Southern Cagayan Valley. Southern Cagayan Valley.
“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

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(Source: Google.com images)
2. Which of the pictures is 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th?
3. What is your basis in arranging the pictures?
4. What aspects of an individual change
and develop as he/she journey through
life?
5. Do these changes happen in a systematic way?
B. Analysis
Looking closely at the pictures, the pictures tell a story, the story of
the sequence of the life process known as human development. Each
picture represents a stage of development known as period, where a
certain task or tasks are expected of every individual. The periods are
characterized by the changes that an individual go throughout lives. These significant changes
that an individual moved through are on the physical, cognitive and socio-emotional aspects.
What then are developmental periods in life span and the developmental tasks expected of
every individual?
C. Abstraction
Developmental Periods
Human development is a process that continues throughout life. It is a pretty
predictable process, since most humans develop at similar rates. These similar rates of
development are coined into periods or stages. Each of these periods has different physical
and emotional characteristics.
The eight periods of Life-Span Development (Santrock, 2002)

1. Prenatal Development (conception to birth)
2. Infancy and Toddlerhood (birth to 18-24 months
3. Early Childhood ((2-5 years)
4. Middle Childhood and Late Childhood (6 to11-12 years)
5. Adolescence (10-12 to 18-22)
6. Early Adulthood (20s to 30s)
7. Middle Adulthood (40s to 60s)
8. Late Adulthood (60s to death)
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Prenatal Period
Figure 2. An embryo at 8 weeks of development

(Source: lumenlearning.com)
Conception occurs and development begins. There are three stages of prenatal
development: germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods. All of the major structures of the body
are forming and the health of the mother is of primary concern. There are various approaches
to labor, delivery, and childbirth, with potential complications of pregnancy and delivery, as
well as risks and complications with newborns, but also advances in tests, technology, and
medicine. The influences of nature (e.g., genetics) and nurture (e.g., nutrition and teratogens,
which are environmental factors during pregnancy that can lead to birth defects) are evident.
Evolutionary psychology, along with studies of twins and adoptions, help us understand the
interplay of factors and the relative influences of nature and nurture on human development.
Infancy and Toddlerhood (birth to 18-24 months)
Figure 3. Major developments happen during the first two years of life, as
Evidenced by this new born baby and this toddler
(Pictures courtesy of amazon.com)
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The first year and a half to two years of life are ones of dramatic growth and change. A
newborn with many involuntary reflexes and a keen sense of hearing but poor vision is
transformed into a walking, talking toddler within a relatively short period of time. Caregivers
similarly transform their roles from those who manage feeding and sleep schedules to
constantly moving guides and safety inspectors for mobile, energetic children. Brain
development happens at a remarkable rate, as does physical growth and language
development. Infants have their own temperaments and approaches to play. Interactions with
primary caregivers (and others) undergo changes influenced by possible separation anxiety
and the development of attachment styles. Social and cultural issues center on breastfeeding
or formula-feeding, sleeping in cribs or in the bed with parents, toilet training, and whether or
not to get vaccinations.
Early Childhood ((2-5 years)
Figure 4. Early childhood, or the preschool years, around ages 2-6, is filled with incredible
amounts of growth and change
(Picture: courtesy of dreamstime.com)
Early childhood is also referred to as the preschool years, consisting of the years
that follow toddlerhood and precede formal schooling, roughly from around ages 2 to 5 or 6.
As a preschooler, the child is busy learning language (with amazing growth in vocabulary), is
gaining a sense of self and greater independence, and is beginning to learn the workings of
the physical world. This knowledge does not come quickly, however, and preschoolers
may initially have interesting conceptions of size, time, space and distance, such as
demonstrating how long something will take by holding out their two index fingers several
inches apart. A toddler’s fierce determination to do something may give way to a four-year-
old’s sense of guilt for doing something that brings the disapproval of others.
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Middle Childhood and Late Childhood (6-11 years)
Figure 5. Middle childhood and late childhood covers the elementary years or the ages 6 to11-
12
The ages of 6-11 comprise middle and late childhood where much of what children
experience at this age is connected to their involvement in the early grades of school. Now the
world becomes one of learning and testing new academic skills and assessing one’s abilities
and accomplishments by making comparisons between self and others. Schools participate in
this process by comparing students and making these comparisons public through team sports,
test scores, and other forms of recognition. The brain reaches its adult size around age seven,
but it continues to develop. Growth rates slow down and children are able to refine their motor
skills at this point in life. Children also begin to learn about social relationships beyond the family
through interaction with friends and fellow students; same-sex friendships are particularly salient
during this period.
Adolescence (10-12 to 18-22)
Figure 6. Adolescence or the stage roughly between 10-12 and 18-22 is marked by puberty and
sexual maturation accompanied by the major socioemotional changes
Adolescence is a period of dramatic physical change marked by an overall physical growth

spurt and sexual maturation, known as puberty; timing may vary by gender, cohort, and culture.
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It is also a time of cognitive change as the adolescent begins to think of new possibilities and to
consider abstract concepts such as love, fear, and freedom. Ironically, adolescents have a
sense of invincibility that puts them at greater risk of dying from accidents or contracting
sexually transmitted infections that can have lifelong consequences. A major developmental
task during adolescence involves establishing one’s own identity. Teens typically struggle to
become more independent from their parents. Peers become more important, as teens strive for
a sense of belonging and acceptance; mixed-sex peer groups become more common. New
roles and responsibilities are explored, which may involve dating, driving, taking on a part-time
job, and planning for future academics.
Early Adulthood (20s to 30s)
Figure 7. Early adulthood, roughly ages 20-40, is settling down and reproductive age
Early adulthood is settling down age. Usually, early adults go through the trying process
before settling down. At times, settling down too early is causing discontent because of too early
choices of careers or life mates. This age is also considered as the reproductive age because
the early adolescence period is the period where having family and raising children are a
concern. The It is a time when individuals are at their physiological peak but are most at risk for
involvement in violent crimes and substance abuse. It is time of focusing on the future and
putting a lot of energy into making choices that will help one earn the status of a full adult in the
eyes of others. Love and work are the primary concerns at this stage of life.
Middle Adulthood (40S to early 60s)
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Figure 8. Middle Adulthood spans the years between ages 40-60s
Adults of middle age when asked about their age, at times hesitate to give the number.
Why do they hesitate? What is bad about being old? Probably because of the “limitations” that is
attach to age during this period. At times, we hear the words “you’re already old”, “you can’t do
that anymore”. “He used to be able to, but not anymore.” Middle adulthood covers late thirties
through the early 60s. This is a period in which physiological aging that began earlier becomes
more noticeable. Nevertheless, which many people of this stage are at their peak of productivity
in love and work. It may be a period of gaining expertise in certain fields and being able to
understand problems and find solutions with greater efficiency than before. It can also be a time
of becoming more realistic about possibilities in life; of recognizing the difference between what
is possible and what is likely. Referred to as the sandwich generation, middle-aged adults may
be in the middle of taking care of their children and also taking care of their aging parents.
Late Adulthood (60s to death)
Figure 9. Late Adulthood is

generally viewed as 60s and older
Late adulthood spans from age 65 to the end of life. It is a time for adjustment to
decreasing strength and health, life review, retirement, and adjustment to new social roles.
There are certain problems unique to old age such as increased in physical and
economic dependency on others, establishing new social contacts, developing new interests
and activities to occupy increased leisure time, learning to treat grown children and adults, and
being victimized because of inability to defend oneself.
Individuals under this stage go through physical changes which include change in
physical appearance, changes in the different internal physical systems, and changes in
physiological functioning and sensory and sexual changes.
As to motor abilities, there is a change in strength and speed. They needed an increase
in time to learn new skills, and there is a tendency to become awkward and clumsy.
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Developmental Tasks by Havighurst

In the development of an individual, task or tasks are expected in each stage. These
tasks are known as developmental tasks and these “arise at a certain point in one’s life, the
successful achievement of which leads to happiness and success to later tasks, while failure
leads to unhappiness, social disapproval, and difficulty with later tasks.” (Havighurst, 1972)
Infancy and Early Childhood (0-5)

 Learning to walk
 Learning to take solid foods
 Learning to talk
 Learning to control the elimination of body wastes
 Acquiring concepts and language to describe social and physical reality
 Readiness for reading
 Learning to distinguish right from wrong and de eloping a conscience
Middle Childhood (6 – 12)

 Learning physical skills necessary for ordinary games
 Building a wholesome attitude toward oneself
 Learning to get along with agemates
 Learning an appropriate sex role
 Developing fundamental skills in reading, writing and calculating
 Developing concepts necessary for everyday living
 Developing conscience, morality and a scale of values
 Achieving personal independence
 Developing acceptable attitudes towards society
Adolescence (13 -18)

 Achieving mature relations with both sexes
 Achieving a masculine or feminine social role
 Accepting one’s physique
 Achieving emotional independence of adults
 Preparing for marriage and family life
 Preparing for an economic career
 Acquiring values and an ethical system to guide behavior
 Desiring and achieving socially responsible behavior
Early Adulthood (19 – 29)

 Selecting a mate
 Learning to live with a partner
 Starting a family
 Rearing children
 Managing a home
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 Starting an occupation
 Assuming civic responsibility
Middle Adulthood 30 – 60)

 Helping teenage children to become happy and responsible adults
 Achieving adult social and civic responsibility
 Satisfactory career achievement
 Developing adult leisure time activities
 Relating to one’s spouse as a person
 Accepting the physiological changes of middle age
 Adjusting as aging parents
Later maturity (61 and over)

 Adjusting to decreasing strength and health
 Adjusting to retirement and reduced income
 Adjusting to death of spouse
 Establishing relations with one’s own age group
 Meeting social and civic obligations
 Establishing satisfactory living quarters
APPLICATION (Use another sheet/s of paper to be submitted)

Do the following to ensure mastery (Use another sheet of paper to be submitted)
Drawing Synthesis
Describe and explain the outstanding characteristics and the developmental tasks of each of the
development periods through an infographic. (Infographics - clipped compound of "information"
and "graphics; are graphic visual representations of information, data, or knowledge intended to
present information quickly and clearly).
Creative Work
1. Write a narrative of the stages that you went through your life and the developmental
tasks that you performed. (you can make use of stick drawings to illustrate the stages
you went through)
Journal Entry
2. Having learned the periods of human development, from infancy to middle childhood,
reflect on how you can play a role in the development of elementary graders.
Comprehension Check
Put a check ( / ) before a correct statement and an x before a wrong one. If you put x,
explain why.
1. Many physical milestones occur during early childhood.
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2. Self-confidence is developed in childhood.

3. Adolescence is the beginning of adulthood.
4. In early adulthood, one has reached maturity and stops growing.
5. Human development follows determined pattern.
6. Developmental tasks are only for the first 3 stages of human development.
7. Failure of achieving developmental tasks in an earlier stage, also means, failure for
the learner to master the developmental task in the next stage.
8. Preschool age corresponds to early childhood stage.
9. Teenage is middle childhood.
10. Preparing children for school readiness is the major concern of middle childhood.
References
Corpuz, B., et al. (2018) The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles.
OBE and PPST Based. Manila: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
Corpuz, B., et al., (2015). The Child and Adolescent Development. Manila: Lorimar
Publishing, Inc.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-lifespandevelopment/chapter/periods-of-human-
development/#:~:text=Perhaps%20you%20have%20three%3A%20childh
https://miuc.org/emerging-adult-developmental-tasks-facing/amp/
VISION MISSION

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QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

MODULE 3 PERIODS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

(Source: Google.com images)

The eight periods of Life-Span Development (Santrock, 2002)

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Figure 2. An embryo at 8 weeks of development

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Early Childhood ((2-5 years)

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Middle Childhood and Late Childhood (6-11 years)

Adolescence (10-12 to 18-22)

Adolescence is a period of dramatic physical change marked by an overall physical growth

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Middle Adulthood (40S to early 60s)

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Figure 8. Middle Adulthood spans the years between ages 40-60s

Late Adulthood (60s to death)

Figure 9. Late Adulthood is

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Developmental Tasks by Havighurst

Infancy and Early Childhood (0-5)

Middle Childhood (6 – 12)

Adolescence (13 -18)

Early Adulthood (19 – 29)

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Middle Adulthood 30 – 60)

Later maturity (61 and over)

APPLICATION (Use another sheet/s of paper to be submitted)

1. Many physical milestones occur during early childhood.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

2. Self-confidence is developed in childhood.

“Molding Minds, Shaping Future”

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