AWL (Details)

AWL essential word list for IELTS reading
Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example
to study or examine something in detail, in order to discover more about Researchers analysed the purchases of 6,300 households.
1 analyse ‫تجزیه و تحلیل‬it.
to come near or nearer to something or someone in space, time, We could just see the train approaching in the distance
2 approach
quality, ‫رویکرد‬or amount.
Someone who is unapproachable seems unfriendly or a little frightening, As a boss I found him rather unapproachable.
3 unapproachable ‫غیر قابل دستیابی‬so that other people are less likely to speak to
them.
4 area ‫ حوزه‬a particular part of a place, piece of land, or country. All areas of the country will have some rain tonight.
to judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of something The insurers will need to assess the flood damage.
5 assess
‫ارزیابی‬
to think again about something in order to decide if you We need to reassess our values as a nation
6 reassess ‫ارزیابی مجدد‬should change the way you feel about it or deal with
it
7 unassessed ‫( ارزیابی نشده‬not comparable) Not having been assessed. The threat that he presented remained unassessed and so did his life.
to accept something to be true without question or proof I assumed (that) you knew each other because you went to the
8 assume
‫فرض‬ same school.
the moral or legal right or ability to control The United Nations has used/exerted/exercised its authority to restore
9 authority
‫ اختیار‬،‫قدرت‬ p eace in the area.
10 available ‫ در دسترس‬able to be bought or used Our autumn catalogue is now available from our usual stockists.
If someone is unavailable, they are News outlets tried to contact the Senator, but she was
11 unavailable ‫ غیر قابل دسترسی‬not able to talk to people or meet people, usually because they are doing unavailable for comment
other things
12 benefit ‫ منفعت‬،‫ سود‬a helpful or good effect, or something intended to help The discovery of oil brought many benefits to the town.
13 concept ‫ مفهوم‬a principle or idea The concept of free speech is unknown to them.
14 consist ‫ تشکیل شده است از‬to be something that is made or formed of various specific things The crowd consisted mostly of college kids and office workers.
the fact of containing some ideas, statements, arguments, etc. that do There are a few inconsistencies in what you've written.
15 inconsistencies ‫ ناسازگاري‬not agree with others, or something such as an idea, statement,
or argument that has this quality
16 constitute ‫ تشکیل می دهند‬to be or be considered as something This latest defeat constitutes a major setback for the Democrats
not allowed by the constitution (= set of rules for government) Changing the law in this way would be unconstitutional
17 unconstitutional
of ‫غیر قانونی‬a country or organization
‫متن نوشته‬ The situation, events, or information that are related to The political context of the election.
18 context something and that help you to understand it
‫قرارداد‬ Tyler has agreed a seven_year contract with a

19 contract an official agreement between two or more people, stating what Hollywood studio.
each will do
20 create ‫ ایجاد کردن‬to make something new, or invent something Charles Schulz created the characters "Snoopy" and "Charlie Brown".
21 recreate ‫ از نو ساختن‬to make something exist or happen again They plan to recreate a typical English village in Japan.
information, especially facts or numbers, collected to be The data was/were collected by various researchers.
examined and considered and used to help decision-making,
22 data ‫داده ها‬
or information in an electronic form that can be stored and used by
a computer
to say what the meaning of something, especially a word, is In the dictionary, "reality" is defined as "the state of things as they
23 define
‫تعریف کردن‬ are, rather than as they are imagined to be".
to change the meaning of something or to make people think about Social networking has redefined the meaning of "friend".
24 redefine ‫تعریف مجدد‬something in a new or different
way
not clearly described, stated, or known The business is attempting to gauge how large a share of a new
25 undefined ‫تعریف نشده‬ and largely undefined market it can seize.
26 derive ‫ ناشی شدن از‬،‫ استخراج‬to get something from something else The institute derives all its money from foreign investments.
to give something out to several people, or to spread or supply something The books will be distributed free to local schools.
27 distribute
‫توزیع کردن‬
28 redistribute ‫ توزیع مجدد‬to share something out differently from before, especially in a fairer way As president he would redistribute the country's wealth.
the system of trade and industry by which the wealth of a country is made Tourism contributes millions of pounds to the local economy.
29 economy ‫اقتصاد‬
and used
using too much money or too many resources and unlikely to Ethanol producers are seeing their profit margins squeezed and
30 uneconomical
make ‫غیر اقتصادي‬a profit product ion may well become uneconomical.
the air, water, and land in or on which people, animals, and plants live Certain chemicals have been banned because
31 environment
‫محیط‬ of their damaging effect on the environment.
32 establish ‫ تاسیس کردن‬to start a company or organization that will continue for a long time These methods of working were established in the last century.
to take away official support and position from Its leaders were alarmed at the designs imputed to the newly reformed
33 disestablish parliament of disestablishing the Anglican Church.
‫بهم زدن‬،‫محروم کردن‬a Church or similar organized group
to guess or calculate the cost, size, value, etc. of something Government sources estimate a longterm
34 estimate
‫تخمین زدن‬ 50 percent increase in rail fares.
‫ غلو‬،‫ دست باال گرفتن‬to think that something is or will be greater, more extreme, or The benefits of nuclear technology, she said, had
35 over-estimate been grossly overestimated.
‫کردن‬more important than it really is
‫ غلو‬،‫ دست باال گرفتن‬to think that something is or will be greater, more extreme, or The benefits of nuclear technology, she said, had
36 overestimate been grossly overestimated.
‫کردن‬more important than it really is
to fail to guess or understand the real cost, size, difficulty, etc. Originally the contractor gave me a price of €2,000, but now they say
37 underestimate
of ‫دست کم گرفتن‬something they underestimated and it's going to be at least €3,000.
easily seen or understood The full extent of the damage only became evident
38 evident
‫ بدیهی‬،‫مشهود‬ the following morning.
39 export ‫ صادرات‬to send goods to another country for sale French cheeses are exported to many different countries.
a fact or situation that influences the result of something People's voting habits are influenced by political, social and economic
40 factor
‫عامل‬ f actors.
(the management of) a supply of money The finance committee controls the school's budget.
41 finance
‫ مالی‬،‫دارایی‬ corporate/personal/public finance
42 formula ‫ فرمول‬a standard or accepted way of doing or making something We have changed the formula of the washing powder.
43 reformulate ‫ اصالح کردن‬to change a plan or idea so that you have a slightly different one He must either abandon or reformulate his thesis.
the natural purpose (of something) or the duty (of a person) The function of the veins is to carry blood to the heart.
44 function
‫عملکرد‬ I'm not quite sure what my function is within the company.
to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what Even the smallest baby can identify its mother by her voice.
45 identify ‫شناسایی‬that person or thing
is
46 unidentifiable ‫ غیرقابل شناسایی‬Not in dictionary Third, the source of genetic information is unidentifiable.
47 income ‫ درآمد‬money that is earned from doing work or received from investments Average incomes have risen by 4.5 percent over the past year
to show, point, or make clear in another way Exploratory investigations have indicated large amounts of oil below
48 indicate ‫نشان دادن‬ the sea bed.
a single person or thing, especially when compared to the group or set to Every individual has rights which must never be taken away.
49 individual ‫شخصی‬
which they belong
to decide what the intended meaning of something is It's difficult to interpret these statistics without knowing how they
50 interpret
‫تفسیر‬ were obtained.
to form an understanding that is not correct of something that is said My speech has been misinterpreted by the press.
51 misinterpret
or ‫تفسیر نادرست‬done
to think about something, show something, perform something etc in The book reinterprets the Dracula legend.
52 reinterpret
a ‫تفسیر مجدد‬new way
If an activity, situation, etc. involves something, that thing is a part Research involving the use of biological warfare agents will be used
53 involve
of ‫درگیر شدن‬the activity, etc. for defensive purposes.
not connected or concerned with someone or something, especially on Note that my concept of God here is a completely detached and
54 uninvolved an ‫ درگیر نشدن‬emotional level. uninvolved entity, which, if there was a god, is the only form I
could see it taking.
55 issue ‫ مشکل‬،‫ موضوع‬a subject or problem that people are thinking and talking about environmental/ethical/personal issues
practical work, especially when it involves hard physical effort The car parts themselves are not expensive, it's the labour
56 labour
‫کار یدي‬ that costs the money.
practical work, especially when it involves hard physical effort The car parts themselves are not expensive, it's the labour
57 labor ‫کار یدي‬ that costs the money.
58 legal ‫ قانونی‬،‫ مجاز‬connected with the law legal advice
not allowed by law ‫غیر‬ a campaign to stop the illegal sale of cigarettes to children under 16
59 illegal
‫ غیر قانونی‬،‫مجاز‬
60 legislate ‫ قانونگذاري‬If a government legislates, it makes a new law They promised to legislate against cigarette advertising.
61 major ‫ عمده‬more important, bigger, or more serious than others of the same type All of her major plays have been translated into English.
62 method ‫ روش‬a particular way of doing something Travelling by train is still one of the safest methods of transport.
(especially of accidents and other unexpected events) to happen ‫به‬ An accident involving over ten vehicles has occurred in the
63 occur eastbound lane.
‫وقوع پیوستن‬
64 reoccur ‫( دوباره تکرار کنید‬especially of something unpleasant) to return or happen again They are hoping that the cancer will not reoccur.
for or out of every 100, shown by the symbol % You got 20 percent of the answers right - that means one in every
65 percent ‫درصد‬ five.
66 period ‫ بازه زمانی‬a length of time Her work means that she spends long periods away from home.
a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular situations that has They believe that Europe needs a common foreign and security
67 policy ‫ خط مشی‬been agreed to officially by a group of people, a business organization, policy.
a government, or a political party
68 principle ‫ اصل‬a moral rule or a set of ideas about what is right and wrong the principle that everyone is equal is very important
69 unprincipled ‫ غیر اصولی‬not caring whether what you do is morally right Duncan called him an unprincipled liar
‫ اقدام‬،‫ ادامه دادن‬to continue to do something that has already been planed or started the project seemed to be proceeding smoothly
70 proceed
‫کردن‬
71 require ‫ نیاز‬to need something the program requires 16 megabytes of memory
serious study of a subject,which is intended to discover new facts about the team conducting scientific research on/into heart disease
72 research it ‫پژوهش‬
73 respond ‫ پاسخ دادن‬to react to something that has been said or done the Federal Reserve responded by raising interest rates
74 unresponsive ‫ بی پاسخ‬not reacting to something or not affected by it. the disease is unresponsive to drugs
the position,job,or purpose that sb or sth has in a particular situation or he has traditional views about the role of women in society
75 role ‫نقش‬
activity
76 section ‫ بخش‬one of the part that an object,group,place,etc is divided into: she was born in the poor section of Tijuana
77 sector ‫ بخش‬a part of an area of activity,especially of business,industry, or trade jobs in the public /private sector
78 significant ‫ قابل توجه‬noticeable or important significant differences between the two groups (adj)
79 insignificant ‫ ناچیز‬too small or unimportant to consider or worry about an insignificant change in the unemployment rate(adj)
80 similar ‫ مشابه‬almost the same but not exactly the same most of the kids at the school have similar backgrounds
81 dissimilar ‫ متفاوت‬not the same these fish are quite dissimilar to those found in the deep ocean
a thing, place, activity etc that you get something from/ the cause of Beans are a very good source of protein
82 source ‫ منبع‬something, especially a problem, or the place where it starts/ a person,
book, or document that supplies you with information
83 specific ‫ خاص‬relating to one thing and not others; particular/ clear and exact The virus attacks specific cells in the body.
the arrangement or organization of parts in a system Many changes had taken place in the social and political structure of
84 structure
‫ساختار‬ the island.
to organize a company, business, or system in a new way to make it The government restructured the coal industry before selling it to
85 restructure ‫بازسازي کردن‬operate more private owners
effectively
not organized in a detailed way, and allowing people freedom to do what The types of information required will tend to be unpredictable and
86 unstructured
‫بدون ساختار‬they want unstructured so that database access will need to be flexible.
something suggested as a reasonable explanation for facts, a condition, or I have a theory (= an opinion) about why everybody in the city is in
87 theory ‫فرضیه‬an event, esp. a systematic or scientific such a hurry
explanation
‫ تغییر‬/‫ تغییر کردن‬to change or cause something to change in amount or level, especially My taste in classical music varies greatly/widely, but I usually prefer
88 vary Mozart or Brahms
‫دادن‬from one occasion to another
staying the same and never changing Michael's invariable reaction was anger and a reluctance to try anything
89 invariable
‫غیرقابل تغییر‬ new.
to succeed in finishing something or reaching an aim, especially after a She finally achieved her ambition to visit South America.
90 achieve ‫رسیدن‬lot of work or
effort
91 acquire ‫ به دست آوردن‬to get or buy something/ to obtain or begin to have something As people grow older, their faces acquire more character.
another word for administer/ to manage the work or money of a company The economy has been badly administered by the present government
92 administrate ‫ اجرا کردن‬/‫ اداره کردن‬or organization /to provide or organize something officially as part of
your job/ to give someone a medicine or medical treatment
‫ تغییر‬/‫ اثر گذاشتن‬to have an influence on someone or something, or to cause a change in Researchers are looking at how a mother's health can affect the baby
93 affect in the womb
‫دادن‬someone or something
not influenced, harmed, or interrupted in any way/ natural and sincere in The west of the city was largely unaffected by the bombing
94 unaffected ‫ بی ریا‬/ ‫تأثیر ناپذیر‬
your behaviour
the fact that a word or phrase does not sound natural and is not acceptable Native speakers have a general sense of the appropriacy and
95 inappropriacy ‫نامناسب بودن‬when used in a particular inappropriacy of language
situation
96 aspect ‫ جنبھ‬one part of a situation, idea, plan etc that has many parts Dealing with people is the most important aspect of my work.
97 assist ‫ کمک‬to help someone to do something You will be employed to assist in the development of new equipment.
98 category ‫ دستھ بندی‬a group of people or things that are all of the same type There are five categories of workers.
99 chapter ‫ فصل‬one of the parts into which a book is divided Read Chapter 11 as your homework.
a group of people who have been given the official job of finding out about something or The Government set up a commission to investigate allegations of
100 commission ‫کمیسیون‬controlling something police violence.
101 community ‫ انجمن‬a group of people who have the same interests, religion, race etc We meet once a month to discuss community problems.
consisting of many different parts and often difficult to understand Peter seemed to have an instant understanding of the most complex
102 complex
‫پیچیده‬ issues.
103 compute ‫ محاسبھ‬to calculate a result, answer, sum etc Final results had not yet been computed.
to decide that something is true after considering all the information you The report concluded that the school should be closed immediately.
104 conclude
‫نتیجھ گرفتن‬have
to carry out a particular activity or process, especially in order to get information or prove We are conducting a survey of consumer attitudes towards organic
105 conduct ‫ ھدایت‬facts food.
106 consequent ‫ نتیجھ‬happening as a result of a particular event or situation The rise in inflation and consequent fall in demand
107 reconstruct ‫ بازسازی‬to build something again after it has been destroyed or damaged The task ahead is to reconstruct the building.
108 consume ‫ مصرف کردن‬to use time, energy, goods etc A smaller vehicle will consume less fuel.
an arrangement with a shop, bank etc that allows you to buy something and pay Most new cars are bought on credit.
109 credit ‫اعتبار‬
for it later
the beliefs, way of life, art, and customs that are shared and accepted In our culture, it is rude to ask someone how much they earn.
110 culture
by ‫فرھنگ‬people in a particular society.
(of people) not well educated, not be able to understand or enjoy In this poor and uncultured environment, his younger brother became
111 uncultured
art, ‫بی فرھنگ‬literature,etc. (opposite: cultured) a heroin addict.
The way that something has been planned and made, including The car's design has been greatly improved
112 design
its ‫طرح‬appearance, how it works, etc.
113 distinct ‫ متمایز‬Clearly different or belonging to a different type. There are four distinct types.
an indistinct sound, image, or memory cannot be seen, heard My memory of what happened next is indistinct.
114 indistinct
or ‫نامعین‬remembered clearly.
One part or feature of a whole system, plan, piece of work etc, Honesty is a vital element of her success.
115 element
especially ‫عنصر‬one that is basic or important.
‫ برابر‬،‫ معادل کردن‬To consider that two things are similar or connected. Most people equate wealth with success.
116 equate
‫کردن‬
117 evaluate ‫ ارزیابی کردن‬To judge how good, useful, or successful something is (SYN: assess) You should be able to evaluate your own work.
To consider or examine something again in order to make changes or The plan will be re-evaluated annually to see what areas need attention.
118 re-evaluate
to ‫ارزیابی مجدد‬form a new opinion about.
A part of something that you notice because it Air bags are a standard feature in most new cars.
119 feature
seems ‫ویژگی‬important,interesting, or typical.
120 final ‫ پایانی‬،‫ نھایی‬Last in a series of actions, events, parts of a story stc. The final episode will be shown tonight.
121 focus ‫ تمرکز‬The thing, person, situation etc that people pay special attention to. The focus of recent research has been on environmental issues.
To put more effort into particular activities, in the belief that you Our new strategy is to refocus on five key areas.
122 refocus
will ‫تمرکز‬make a company more successful.
The effect or influence that an event, situation etc has on someone we need to assess the impact on climate change.
123 impact
or ‫تأثیر‬something.
124 injure ‫ زخمی شدن‬to hurt your self or someone else for example in an accident or an attack sam injured his leg playing football
125 uninjured ‫( آسیب ندیدن‬of a person or part of the body) not harmed or damaged they escaped uninjured when their homes were hit
to introduce or start a system,rule, legal process/academy ‫تاسیس‬ the state instituted a national lottery
126 institute
‫موسسه‬/‫کردن‬
Put (money) into financial schemes, shares, property, or a commercial the company is to invest £12 m in its manufacturing site at
127 invest ‫سرمایه گذاري‬venture with the expectation of achieving a Linlithglow
profit
Put (the profit on a previous investment) back into the same scheme the enterprise had been expanded by reinvesting profits
128 reinvest
‫سرمایه گذاري مجدد‬
An individual article or unit, especially one that is part of a list, an item of clothing
129 item ‫مورد‬collection, or set/A piece of news or
information
130 itemisation ‫ طبقه بندي‬to make a list and give details about each thing on the list
A newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or medical journals

131 journal ‫مجله‬professional
activity
132 maintain ‫ حفظ کردن‬Keep (something) at the same level or rate agricultural prices will have to be maintained
Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬Meaning Example
133 normal ‫ عادي‬Conforming to a standard; usual, typical, or expected normal working hours
very different from usual in a way that seems atrange, worrying, wrong or abnormal
134 abnormal
behaviour ‫غیر طبیعی‬dangerous
135 obtain ‫ به دست آوردن‬Get, acquire, or secure (something) adequate insurance cover is difficult to obtain
136 unobtainable ‫ غیرقابل تحقق‬unobtainable the book was unobtainable in London so I wrote to the publisher
137 participate ‫ مشارکت کردن‬Be involved; take part thousands participated in a nationwide strike
138 positive ‫ مثبت‬good or useful tv can be a positive influence
139 potential ‫ پتانسیل‬Having or showing the capacity to develop into something in the future the potential benefits of the new system
140 previous ‫ قبلی‬Existing or occurring before in time or order she looked tired after her exertions of the previous evening
Earliest in time or order/most important the primary stage of their political education/many of villagers rely on
141 primary
‫اولیه‬ fishing as their primary source of income
142 purchase ‫ خرید‬to buy something the growing demand to purchase goods on credit
143 range ‫ دامنه‬variety of things or people a range of services
144 region ‫ منطقه‬a lage area of a country or of the world efforts to bring peace to the region
145 regulate ‫ تنظیم‬to control an activity or process, especially by rules strict rules regulating the use of chemicals in food
to remove government rules and controls from some types of business industries that have been deregulated
146 deregulated
‫مقررات زدایی‬activity
147 unregulated ‫ کنترل نشده‬not controlled by a government or law an unregulated banking system
148 relevant ‫ مربوط‬directly relating to the subject or problem being discussed or considered Relevant documents were presented in court
a lack of importance in a particular situation/someone or something that debates on the irrelevance of the education system
149 irrelevance
‫بی ربطی‬is not important in a particular situation
150 reside ‫ اقامت داشتن‬to live in a particular place He spent most of his time in Rutherglen, where his family resided
something such as useful land, or minerals such as oil or coal, a country rich in natural resources
151 resource ‫منبع‬that exists in a country and can be used to increase its
wealth
to obtain or achieve something, especially when this means using a lot there are no secure jobs these days.
152 secure
of ‫امن است‬effort
not feeling at all confident about yourself, your abilities,or she's very insecure about her appearance.
153 insecure
your ‫ناامن‬relationships with people.
154 seek ‫ جستجو کردن‬to try to achiev o get something do you think the president will seek reelection?
155 sought ‫ جستجو کرد‬Not in dictionary Her eyes sought out a familiar form and found him.
to choose somebody/something from a group of people or things, usually They could select from a range of choices depending on their interests
156 select
‫انتخاب کردن‬according to a system and skills.
157 site ‫مکان‬،‫جا‬،‫ محل‬a place where a building, town, etc. was, is or will be located The government has announced the proposed site for the airport.
158 strategy ‫ استراتژي‬a plan that is intended to achieve a particular purpose We need to devise an effective long-term strategy.
an investigation of the opinions, behaviour, etc. of a particular group of A recent survey showed 75 per cent of those questioned were in favour
159 survey
‫نظر سنجی‬people, which is usually done by asking them questions of the plan.

160 text ‫ متن‬any form of written material Use the mouse to move chunks of text from place to place
a belief, custom or way of doing something that has existed for a long There's a tradition in our family that we have a party on New Year's
161 tradition ‫سنت‬time among a particular group of people; a set of these beliefs or customs Eve
not following the usual methods, practices, etc. in a particular area Her artworks use a mix of traditional and non-traditional materials
162 non-traditional
of ‫غیر سنتی‬activity
to move from one place to another; to move something/somebody from How can I transfer money from my bank account to his?
163 transfer ‫انتقال‬
one place to another
a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or more possibilities His idea seemed to offer a possible alternative.
164 alternative
‫جایگزین‬
the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an Under normal circumstances, your white blood cells are able to fight
165 circumstance ‫ شرایط‬،‫ چگونگی‬event or an action infections.
‫ شرح‬،‫ پیش امد‬،‫محیط‬
omething that you say or write that gives an opinion on or explains he made helpful comments on my work.
166 comment ‫اظهار نظر‬
somebody/something
to provide something good to balance or reduce the bad effects The advantages of the plan more than compensate for the risks
167 compensate
of ‫جبران کردن‬damage, loss, etc. associated with it.
one of several parts of which something is made Our software is becoming a standard component of many computer
168 component
‫جزء‬ systems.
169 convene ‫ دور هم جمع شدن‬to arrange for people to come together for a formal meeting They decided to convene an extraordinary general meeting
to organize the different parts of an activity and the people involved in We try to coordinate our activities with those of other groups.
170 coordinate
it ‫هماهنگ کردن‬so that it works well
to organize the different parts of an activity and the people involved in hey appointed a new manager to coordinate the work of the team.
171 co-ordinate
it ‫هماهنگ کردن‬so that it works well
172 core ‫ هسته‬the most important or central part of something This report goes to the core of the argument.
، ‫ شرکت هاي بزرگ‬connected with a large business company airlines are very keen on their corporate identity
173 corporate ‫داراي شخصیت‬
‫حقوقی‬
to be the same as or match something The written record of the conversation doesn't correspond to what
174 correspond
‫مطابقت‬ was actually said.
a standard or principle by which something is judged, or with the help of What criteria are used for assessing a student's ability?
175 criteria ‫شاخص‬
which a decision is made
to form an opinion about something based on the information or evidence We can deduce a lot from what people choose to
176 deduce
buy. ‫استنباط‬that is available
to show something clearly by giving proof or evidence New research convincingly demonstrates that age-related memory loss ‫نشان دادن‬is not
177 demonstrate
inevitable.
an official paper, book or electronic file that gives information about This is an important legal document
178 document ‫سند‬something, or that can be used as evidence or proof of
something
to control or have a lot of influence over somebody/something, These two regions continue to dominate the market for orange juice
179 dominate
especially ‫چیره شدن‬in an unpleasant way
180 emphasis ‫ تاکید‬special attention or importance In this class the emphasis is on IELTS Reading.
181 ensure ‫ اطمینان حاصل شود‬to make certain that something will happen properly;make sure Intelligence and industry will ensure his success in life.
‫مانع‬،‫ مستثنی کردن‬to deliberately not include something;OPP include The possibility of fire should not be excluded.
182 exclude ‫محروم‬،‫شدن‬
‫راه ندادن به‬،‫کردن‬
a set of ideas,rules,or beliefs from which sth developed,or on This paper provides a framework for future research.
183 framework
which ‫بدنه‬، ‫چارچوب‬decisions are based
[countable] an amount of money that is collected and kept for a particular The fund has set up to to try to save cathedral.
184 fund ‫سرمایه‬purpose;[singular]an organization that collects money
for
‫توضیح‬،‫ نشان دادن‬to make the meaning of something clearer by giving examples She illustrated her discussion with digrams.
185 illustrate
‫شرح دادن‬،‫دادن‬
186 immigrate ‫ مهاجرت‬to come into a country in order to live there permanently His mother and father immigrated when he was two.
187 imply ‫رساندن‬،‫ اشاره کردن‬to suggest that something is true, without saying this directly just the fact that he is written for you,implies he likes you.
،‫بدوي‬،‫نخستین‬،‫ ابتدایی‬happening at the beginning There are no initial charges,only an annual management fee of 1%.
188 initial
‫اولیه‬
189 instance ‫ مثال‬،‫ نمونه‬an example of a particular kind of situation They came across many instances of discrimination.
to give an acceptable explanation for something that other people Ministers must appear before Parliament and justify their actions.
190 justify
think ‫توجیه‬is unreasonable
191 unjustified ‫ غیر موجه‬done whitout an acceptable reason unjustified price increases
an amount or piece of a material or substance that covers a surface or A thick layer of dust lay on the furniture.
192 layer that ‫الیه‬
is between two other things
193 link ‫ ارتباط دادن‬to make a connection between two or more things or people Exactly how do we link words to objects?
to find the exact position of sth;to put or build sth in particular place;to We couldn’t locate the source of the radio signal.
194 locate ‫پیدا کردن‬come to a place and start a bussines ;company;etc
there
if a person or business relocates, or if they are relocated, they move A lot of firms are relocating to the North of England.
195 relocate
to ‫نقل مکان‬a different place
to increase something such as profit or income as much as possible OPP The company’s main function is to maximize profit.
196 maximise ‫ به حداکثر رساندن‬minimize;to click on a special part on a window on a computer screen so
itbecomes as big as screen
197 max ‫ حداکثر‬the abbreviation of maximum This credit card has a max of $2000.
small and not very important or serious, especially when compared They played only a minor role in local government.
198 minor with ‫ جزئی‬other things OPP major;based on particular type of musical scale
‫خنثی‬،‫ نفی کردن‬to prevent something from having any effect;to state that something does The decision would negate last year's Supreme Court ruling.
199 negate
‫کردن‬not exist or untrue
the final result of a meeting, discussion, war etc – used especially when It was impossible to predict the outcome of the election.
200 outcome ‫نتیجه‬no one knows what it will be until it actually happens SYN
result
one of two people who are married, or who live together and have Discuss your worries with your partner.
201 partner ‫شریک‬
a sexual relationship;one of the owners of a business
the study of the nature and meaning of existence, truth, good and evil Emma studies philosophy at university.
202 philosophy
etc, ‫فلسفه‬
203 physical ‫ جسمی‬related to someone’s body rather than their mind or emotions She was in constant physical pain
a part of a number or an amount, considered in relation to the whole,the The proportion of women graduates has increased in recent years.
204 proportion ‫مقدار‬،‫قسمت‬،‫ تناسب‬relationship between two things in size ,amount,importance etc.the
correct or most suitable between the size,etc
a situation in which two or more things are not equal in amount, level a dangerous disproportion between production and consumption
205 disproportion
‫عدم تناسب‬etc SYN imbalance
206 publish ‫ منتشر شدن‬to arrange for a book, magazine etc to be written, printed, and sold The first edition was published in 1765.
207 unpublished ‫ منتشر نشده‬unpublished writing, information etc has never been published A work on armorial book-stamps remained unpublished.
respond or behave in a particular way in response to sth You never know how he is going to react.
208 react
‫واکنش نشان می دهند‬
209 register ‫ ثبت نام‬to record your/somebody’s/something’s name on an official list The ship was registered in Panama.
‫متکی‬،‫ تکیه کردن‬depend on with full trust or confidence He relies on his father's support.
210 rely
‫بودن‬
211 unreliable ‫ غیر قابل اعتماد‬that cannot be trusted or depended on He's totally unreliable as a source of information.
212 remove ‫ زدودن‬،‫ برداشتن‬to take somebody/something away from a place Illegally parked vehicles will be removed.
213 scheme ‫ طرح‬a plan or system for doing or organizing something a local scheme for recycling newspapers
214 sequence ‫ توالی‬a set of events, which have a particular order Number the pages in sequence.
the state of being male or female, gender How can you tell what sex a fish is?
215 sex
‫ارتباط جنسی‬،‫جنسیت‬
a slight change in position a shift in the wind/They are on night shift
216 shift
‫نوبت کاري‬،‫تغییر مکان‬
217 unspecified ‫ نا مشخص‬not stated clearly or definitely The story takes place at an unspecified date.
218 sufficient ‫ کافی‬enough for a particular purpose; Allow sufficient time to get there.
219 insufficient ‫ ناکافی‬not enough for a particular purpose, inadequate I’m afraid we have insufficient evidence.

220 task ،‫ وظیفه‬a piece of work that somebody has to do,duty The new role involves a variety of specific tasks.
221 technical ‫ فنی‬connected with the practical use of machines, methods, etc. This is a purely technical issue.
222 valid ‫ معتبر‬that is legally or officially acceptable They have a valid claim to compensation.
to prove that an idea, a story, an argument, etc. is wrong ‫بی‬ The use of the wrong stamp invalidated the contract.
223 invalidate
‫نامعتبر است‬،‫اعتبار‬
a book that is part of a series of books an encyclopedia in 20 volumes
224 volume
‫ حجم‬،‫درجه صدا‬،‫جلد‬
225 vol ‫ جلد‬abbrevation of "volume" He adjusted the volume on his phone.
226 access ‫دستیابی‬،‫ دسترسی‬the opportunity to use something, a way of entering a place access to healthcare/education
227 inaccessible ‫ غیرقابل دسترسی‬difficult or impossible to reach, get or use They live in a remote area, inaccessible except by car.
228 adequate ‫ کافی است‬enough in quantity,sufficient The room was small but adequate.
229 inadequacies ‫ ناکافی بودن‬the state of not being enough the inadequacy of our resources
230 annual ‫ ساالنه‬happening or done once every year She organized this year's annual Christmas dinner dance
231 apparent ‫ آشکار‬clearly visible or understand, obvious Their devotion was apparent.
232 attitude ‫ رفتار‬،‫ نگرش‬the way that you think and feel about somebody/something the government’s attitude towards single parents
233 attribute ‫ جنبه‬،‫ صفت‬a quality or feature regarded as a characteristic She attributes her success to hard work and a little luck.
234 civil ‫ مدنی‬connected with the people who live in a country the Spanish Civil War
a system of words, letters, numbers or symbols that represent a message The code was difficult to crack.
235 code
‫کد‬
236 uncommunicative ‫ غیرمجاز‬not willing to talk to other people or give opinions He had a headache and was rather uncommunicative.
to discuss something with somebody, in order to exchange opinions He wanted to confer with his colleagues before reaching a decision.
237 confer
or ‫موافقم‬get advice
he fact of a series of events being repeated many times, always in Every business goes through cycles.
238 cycle
the ‫چرخه‬same order
a formal discussion of an issue at a public meeting or in a parliament. In a the first ever televised presidential debate
239 debate ‫ مناظره‬debate two or more speakers express opposite views and then there is
often a vote on the issue.
used to show that something happened or is true although something else Her voice was shaking despite all her efforts to control it. ‫با‬
240 despite ‫وجود‬
might have happened to prevent it
a measurement in space, for example how high, wide or long something is We measured the dimensions of the kitchen.
241 dimension
‫ اندازه‬،‫ ابعاد‬،‫بعد‬
242 domestic ‫ داخلی‬of or inside a particular country; not foreign or international Output consists of both exports and sales on the domestic market.
243 emerge ‫ ظهور‬to move out of or away from something and become possible to see The swimmer emerged from the lake.
a mistake, especially one that causes problems or affects the result of The report contains some factual errors that must be
244 error
corrected. ‫خطا‬something

245 erroneous ‫ نادرست‬not correct; based on wrong information The theory is based on several erroneous beliefs.
connected with or belonging to a nation or people that shares a There are continuing ethnic tensions in the region.
246 ethnic
cultural ‫قومی‬tradition
247 goal ‫ هدف‬something that you hope to achieve My job is to help businesses meet their goals.
to agree to give somebody what they ask for, especially formal or The judge granted an injunction preventing the newspaper from
248 grant
legal ‫اعطا کردن‬permission to do something printing the names.
for this reason We suspect they are trying to hide something, hence the need for an
249 hence
‫از این رو‬ independent inquiry.
an idea or explanation of something that is based on a few known facts a hypothesis about the function of dreams
250 hypothesis ‫فرضیه‬but that has not yet been proved to be true or
correct
to make something that has been officially decided start to happen or A new work programme for young people will be implemented.
251 implement
be ‫پیاده سازي‬used
to force somebody/something to have to deal with something that is The time limits are imposed on us by factors outside our control.
252 impose
‫تحمیل کردن‬difficult or unpleasant
to combine two or more things so that they work together; to combine The results should be integrated into the final report.
253 integrate ‫ادغام‬
with something else in this way
254 job ‫ کار‬work for which you receive regular payment I'm thinking of applying for a new job.
a piece of paper, etc. that is attached to something and that gives Always read the label carefully.
255 label ‫برچسب‬information about
it
256 mechanism ‫ سازوکار‬a set of moving parts in a machine that performs a task The gun froze, jamming the mechanism.
257 obvious ‫ واضح‬easy to see or understand He agreed with obvious pleasure.
258 occupy ‫ اشغال‬to fill or use a space, an area or an amount of time The bed seemed to occupy most of the room.
something that you can choose to have or do; the freedom to choose what There are various options open to you.
259 option ‫گزینه‬
you do
the amount of something that a person, a machine or an organization Manufacturing output has increased by 8 per
260 output
cent. ‫خروجی‬produces
including all the things or people that are involved in a particular The coach is happy with the overall performance of the team this ‫به طور‬
261 overall
‫کلی‬situation; general season.
two or more lines that are parallel to each other are the same distance The road and the canal are parallel to each
262 parallel
other. ‫موازي‬apart at every point
used to emphasize that something is bigger, better or worse than anything It was an unparalleled opportunity to develop her
263 unparalleled
career. ‫بی نظیر‬else like it
a set of facts or a fixed limit that establishes or limits how something can The researchers must keep within the parameters of the experiment.
264 parameter ‫پارامتر‬
or must happen or be done
any stage in a series of events or in a process of development The project is only in its initial phase as yet, but
265 phase
‫فاز‬it's looking quite promising
to say that an event or action will happen in the future, especially as It's still not possible to accurately predict the occurrence of earthquakes ‫پیش‬
266 predict
‫بینی‬a result of knowledge or experience
‫ غیرقابل پیش بینی‬the quality or fact of being unpredictable Probably the only predictable thing about the British
267 unpredictability weather is its unpredictability
‫بودن‬
268 prior ‫ قبلی‬existing or happening before something else, or before a particular time The course required no prior knowledge of Spanish.
relating to work that needs special training or education: Chris, you're a nurse, so can
269 professional
‫حرفه اي‬ I ask your professional opinion on bandaging ankles?
a piece of planned work or an activity that is finished over Her latest project is a film based on the life of a
270 project ‫پروژه‬ 19thcentury music hall star.
a period of time and intended to achieve a particular purpose
to encourage people to like, buy, use, do, or support something Advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to
271 promote
‫ترویج‬ promote products
272 regime ‫ رژیم‬a particular government or a system or method of government The old corrupt, totalitarian regime was overthrown
273 resolve ‫ برطرف کردن‬to solve or end a problem or difficulty Have you resolved the problem of transport yet?
274 retain ‫ نگه داشتن‬، ‫ حفظ کردن‬to keep or continue to have something She has lost her battle to retain control of the company
the continued use, existence, or possession of something or someone Two influential senators have argued for the retention of
275 retention
‫احتباس‬ the unpopular tax
a number of similar or related events or things, one following another She gave a series of lectures at Warwick University
276 series
‫سلسله‬ last year on contemporary British writers.
information based on a study of Statistics show/suggest that women live longer than men.
277 statistic ‫ آماري‬the number of times something happens or is present, or
other numerical facts
an accepted or official position, especially in a social group The association works to promote the status of retired
278 status
‫وضعیت‬ people as useful members of the community.
a force that acts in a way that often changes the shape of an object Computers work out the stresses that such
279 stress
‫فشار‬ a craft will encounter in flight.
happening after something else The book discusses his illness and
280 subsequent
‫متعاقب‬ subsequent resignation from politics.
281 sum ‫ جمع‬an amount of money Huge sums of money are spent on national defence
an organization intended to protect and develop an art, science, language, a military/police academy
282 academy ‫ آکادمی‬etc., or a school that teaches a particular subject or trains people for
a particular job
to change something slightly, especially to make it If the chair is too high you can adjust it to suit you.
283 adjust ‫تنظیم‬more correct, effective, or
suitable
to change in order to fit a different situation, or After living abroad for so long, he found it difficult to
284 readjust
‫قابل تنظیم‬to repair something slightly readjust to life at home.
285 unalterable ‫ غیرقابل تغییر‬not able to be changed. the constitution was unalterable without the king's consent
make minor changes to (a text, piece of legislation, etc.) in order to make the rule was amended to apply only to non-members
286 amend ‫اصالح‬it fairer or more accurate, or to reflect changing
circumstances.
287 aware ‫ آگاه‬having knowledge or perception of a situation or fact. most people are aware of the dangers of sunbathing
288 unaware ‫ غافل‬having no knowledge of a situation or fact they were unaware of his absence
289 capacity ‫ ظرفیت‬the maximum amount that something can contain. the capacity of the freezer is 1.1 cubic feet

290 incapacitate ‫ ناتوان‬prevent from functioning in a normal way. he was incapacitated by a heart attack
a call to someone to participate in a competitive situation or fight to he accepted the challenge
291 challenge ‫چالش‬decide who is superior in terms of ability or
strength.
a unit of grammatical organization next below the sentence in rank and in Old French clause
292 clause ‫ عبارت‬traditional grammar said to consist of a subject and predicate.based on
Latin claus
293 conflict ‫ تعارض‬a serious disagreement or argument, typically a protracted one. the eternal conflict between the sexes
294 contact ‫ مخاطب‬the state of physical touching. equipment in contact with water can benefit from rubber lining
(typically of something regarded as good) become smaller, fewer, or less; the birth rate continued to decline
295 decline
‫کاهش می یابد‬decrease.
individually separate and distinct speech sounds are produced as a continuous sound signal rather than
296 discrete
‫گسسته‬ discrete units"
297 draft ‫ پیش نویس‬a preliminary version of a piece of writing. the first draft of the party's manifesto"
298 redraft ‫ بازآفرینی‬draft (a document, text, or map) again in a different way. "it is important to redraft your will in the event of family breakdown
give(someone)the authority or means to do something, make it possible the evidence would enable us to arrive at firm conclusions
299 enable
‫فعال کردن‬for.
The strength and vitality required for sustained physical or mental activity. changes in the levels of vitamins can affect energy and well-being.
300 energy
‫انرژي‬
cause (something) to happen by necessity or force. There is no outside agency to enforce cooparation between the
301 enforce
‫اجراي‬ players.
302 entity ‫ موجودیت‬،‫ وجود‬A thing with distinct and independent existence. Church and empire were fused in a single entity.
303 equivalent ‫ معادل‬having the same or a similar effect as. some regulations are equivalent to censorship.
304 evolve ‫ تکامل یابد‬develop gradually The company has evolved into a major chemical manufacturer.
305 evolution ‫ سیر تکاملی‬the gradual development of something the forms of written languages undergo constant evolution.
306 expand ‫ بسط دادن‬become or make larger or more extensive Their business expanded into other hotels.
307 expose ‫ در معرض گذاشتن‬make (something)visible by uncovering it At low tide the sands are exposed.
308 external ‫ بیرونی‬belonging to or forming the outer surface or structure of something the external walls
make(an action or process) easy or easier schools were located in the same campus to facilitate the sharing of
309 facilitate
‫تسهیل کردن‬ resources.
310 fundamental ‫ اساسی‬forming a necessary base or core,of central importance the protection of fundamental human rights.
311 generate ‫ تولید می کنند‬Produce or create changes which are likely to generate controversy
312 image ‫ تصویر‬A representation of the external form of a person or thing in art Her work juxtaposed images from serious and popular art.
Willing to respect or accept behaviour or opinions different from one's Liberal views towards divorce.
313 liberal ‫لیبرال‬
own,open to new ideas
Formal or official permission to do something A subsidiary company manufactured cranes under licence from a
314 licence
‫مجوز‬ Norwegian firm.
315 unlicensed ‫ بدون مجوز‬Not having an officcial licence Unlicensed weapons
316 logic ‫ منطق‬The quality of being justifiable by reason. I don't follow her logic.
317 illogical ‫ غیر منطقی‬lacking sence or clear,sound reasoning His reasoning was illogical.
‫ سود حاصل از‬the profit made on a product or service/ the outer edge of an area/
the ‫ محصول یا‬amount by which one thing is different from another
318 margin
/ ‫ لبه‬،‫حاشیه‬/‫خدمات‬
‫تفاوت‬
related to the treatment of illness and injuries Without more food and medical supplies,
319 medical
‫پزشکی‬ these people will surely not survive
320 mental ‫ ذهنی‬relating to the mind, or involving the process of thinking The family has a history of mental disorder.
to change something such as a plan, opinion, law, or way Instead of simply punishing them, the system encourages offenders to
321 modify ‫تغییر‬ modify their behaviour
of behaviour slightly, usually to improve it or make it more acceptable
not altered or modified No more, though—for a group of researchers in America have
worked out how to use unmodified biological cells to create new sorts
322 unmodified ‫اصالح نشده‬
of organisms that might do a variety of jobs, and might even be made
to reproduce themselves
a person who has the job of watching or noticing particular things/ to United Nations monitors were not allowed to enter the area/ Rosie
/‫ مبصر‬/‫دیده بان‬ was chosen to be monitor in class that day/ The new findings suggest
watch and check a situation carefully for a period of time in order to
that women ought to monitor their cholesterol levels
323 monitor
‫ دیده‬/ ‫آگاهی دهنده‬discover something about it
‫ مانیتور‬/‫بانی کردن‬
not observed, kept track of, or checked : not monitored ‫بدون‬ After stealing guns from Erickson’s home, the suspects returned to
324 unmonitored school and entered through an unmonitored entrance.
‫نظارت‬
a large system consisting of many similar parts that Massive investment is needed to modernize the country's phone
325 network ‫ شبکه‬are connected together to allow movement or communication between or network
along the parts, or between the parts and a control centre
a belief or idea He has some fanciful notion about converting one room of
326 notion
‫ایده‬ his apartment into a gallery
something that you plan to do or achieve/ based on real facts and not Her main objective now is simply to stay in power/I can't really be
327 objective ‫ واقعگرایانه‬، ‫هدف‬influenced by personal beliefs or objective when I'm judging my daughter's work
feelings
‫ مشرق‬/‫ جهت گیري‬to make someone familiar with a new place/ to discover the position of Incoming freshmen have advisers to help orient them to the
‫زمین(کشورهاي‬yourself in relation to your surroundings/ the countries of East and university/ After she came out of the station, she paused to orient
328 orient herself/
Southeast Asia
)‫خاوري‬
to change the orientation or direction of (something or someone)/ to reoriented herself so she was facing north/ woke up and reoriented
329 reorient ‫ تغییر جهت‬reacquaint (someone, especially oneself) with a situation, environment, myself to my surroundings/
etc/ to change the goal or emphasis of (something or someone)
‫ جنبه‬/‫ چشم انداز‬a particular way of considering something/ a particular way of viewing Her attitude lends a fresh perspective to the subject/ He brings a new
330 perspective perspective to the job
‫فکري‬things that depends on one’s experience and personality
331 precise ‫ دقیق‬exact and accurate I can give no information at this precise moment in time
not accurate or exact The figures are imprecise because they're based on a prediction of
332 imprecise
‫مبهم‬ next year's sales
333 prime ‫ اصلی‬/‫ نخستین‬main or most important Her prime objective now is simply to stay in power
the scientific study of the way the human mind works and how She studied psychology at Harvard
334 psychology ‫ روانشناسی‬it influences behaviour, or the influence of a
particular person's character on their behaviour
‫ تعقیب‬/‫ دنبال کردن‬to follow someone or something, usually to try to catch him, her, or it He was killed by the driver of a stolen car who was being
335 pursue hotly pursued by the police
‫کردن‬
the relationship between two groups or amounts that expresses how The ratio of men to women at the conference was ten to one/10:1.
336 ratio ‫نسبت‬much bigger one is than the
other
to refuse to accept, use, or believe something or someone/ a product that The coach rejected him for the first team/
337 reject ‫ فضوالت‬/‫رد کردن‬is damaged or not perfectly
made
338 revenue ‫ درآمد‬the income that a government or company receives regularly Taxes provide most of the government's revenue
339 stable ‫ پایدار‬firmly fixed or not likely to move or change If the foundations of the house aren't stable, collapse is possible.
the condition of being fixed and not changing, or the act of South Africa was starting to see the stabilization of the AIDS epidemic.
340 stabilisation
making ‫پایدارسازي‬something like this
341 unstable ‫ ناپایدار‬not solid and firm and therefore not strong, safe, or likely to last That chair looks unstable to me.
a way of doing something, especially one that is typical of Most of her films have a documentary style./ The classic black dress
342 style ‫ سبک‬a person, group of people, place, or period/ fashion, especially in is always in style./ When she decides to do something, she always
clothing/ high quality in appearance, design, or behaviour does it in/with great style.
343 substitute ‫ جایگزین‬to use something or someone instead of another thing or person You can substitute oil for butter in this recipe.
‫ تحمل‬- ‫ نگهداشتن‬to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time He seems to find it difficult to sustain relationships with women
344 sustain
- ‫کردن‬
-‫ نگهداري‬-‫ تغذیه‬the ability of food to provide people and animals with what they need to A stick of celery does not provide much sustenance
345 sustenance
‫معاش‬make them strong and healthy
346 unsustainable ‫ ناپایدار‬Something that is unsustainable cannot continue at the same rate unsustainable fishing methods
347 symbol ‫ سمبل‬a sign, shape, or object that is used to represent something else A heart shape is the symbol of love
an object shot at during shooting practice, often a circle with a pattern of I had four shots but I didn't even hit the target.
348 target ‫هدف‬
rings, or any object or place at which bullets, bombs, etc. are aimed
a general development or change in a situation or in the way There's been a downward/upward trend in sales in the last few years
349 trend ‫روند‬
that people are behaving
The TV series is a watered-down version of the movie, especially
350 version ‫ نسخه‬a particular form of something that is slightly different from other forms designed for family viewing.
of the same thing:
help given, especially by the state or an organization, to people who Your taxes pay for welfare benefits such as unemployment and
351 welfare ‫خیریه‬- ‫ آسایش‬-‫رفاه‬ sickness pay
need it, especially because they do not have enough money

352 whereas ‫ در حالیکه‬compared with the fact that; but Your hair has a natural wave whereas mine's just straight and boring.
-‫ انتزاعی‬-‫ چکیده‬existing as an idea, feeling, or quality, not as a material object Truth and beauty are abstract concepts
353 abstract
- ‫خالصه‬
354 accurate ‫ دقیق‬correct, exact, and without any mistakes We hope to become more accurate in predicting earthquakes
- ‫ اعتراف کردن‬to accept, admit, or recognize something, or the truth or existence of She acknowledged having been at fault.
355 acknowledge something
‫ اذعان‬-‫تصدیق کردن‬
‫کردن‬
‫ متراکم‬- ‫ جمع شده‬something formed by adding together several amounts or things Snowflakes are loose aggregates of ice crystals
356 aggregate
‫ تراکم‬- ‫ساختن‬
to give something to someone as their share of a total amount, to use in The government is allocating £10 million for health education.
357 allocate
a ‫اختصاص دادن‬particular way
-‫ تعیین کردن‬to give a particular job or piece of work to someone The case has been assigned to our most senior officer.
358 assign
‫اختصاص دادن‬
359 attach ‫ ضمیمه کردن‬to fasten, join, or connect something I attached a photo to my application form
- ‫ آزاد‬- ‫ نا وابسته‬not physically joined to something else The cover of the book was stained and almost completely
360 unattached unattached.
‫منتظر دستور‬
a close connection joining two or more people/ a written agreement the bond(s) of friendship/love
361 bond
or ‫ رشته‬، ‫رابطه‬promise
362 brief ‫ مختصر‬lasting only a short time or containing few words I had a brief look at her report before the meeting
-‫الیق‬-‫ قابل‬-‫ توانا‬able to do things effectively and skilfully, and to achieve results We need to get an assistant who's capable and efficient.
363 capable
‫مستعد‬
‫ ذکر‬-‫ استناد کنید‬to mention something as proof for a theory or as a reason why something She cited three reasons why people get into debt
364 cite
‫کردن‬has happened
to act or work together for a particular purpose, or to be helpful by doing The Spanish authorities cooperated with the British police in finding
365 cooperate ‫همکاري کردن‬what someone asks you to the terrorists.
do
to act or work together for a particular purpose, or to be helpful by doing The Spanish authorities cooperated with the British police in finding
366 co-operate ‫همکاري کردن‬what someone asks you to the terrorists.
do
to arrange something or a collection of things so that it can be seen by the Family photographs were displayed on the wall.
367 display
‫نمایش دادن‬public
368 diverse ‫ متنوع‬،‫ گوناگون‬including many different types of people or things New York is a very culturally/ethnically diverse city
369 domain - ‫ قلمرو‬-‫ دامنه‬an area of interest or an area over which a person has control I don't do any gardening - that's my wife's domain
to make changes to a text or film, deciding what will be removed and Janet edited books for a variety of publishers
370 edit ‫ویرایش کردن‬what will be kept in, in order to prepare it for being printed or shown:

to improve the quality, amount, or strength of something: These scandals will not enhance the organization's reputation.
371 enhance
‫تقویت کنید‬
(all of someone's property and money, especially everything that is left in his will, he divided his estate between his wife and daughter
372 estate ‫ ملک‬،‫ دارایی‬after they die.) (a large area of land in the country, usually with one large
house on it and one owner)
go beyond what is allowed or stipulated by (a set limit). He was fined for exceeding the speed limit
373 exceed
‫ فراتررفتن‬،‫تجاوزکردن‬
374 expert ‫ کارشناس‬a person who is very knowledgeable about or skilful in a particular area. Tests should be administered by a medical expert
375 explicit ‫ صریح‬expressed in a way that is very clear and direct Be explicit when you talk about money with your family
having or relating to a system of government in which several states form a federal Europe
376 federal ‫فدرال‬a unity but remain independent in internal
affairs.
a payment made to a professional person or to a professional or public an annual membership fee
377 fee ‫دستمزد‬body in exchange for advice or
services.
ready and able to change so as to adapt to different circumstances, small businesses which are dependent on flexible working hours
378 flexible ‫قابل انعطاف‬capable of bending easily without
breaking.
unwilling to change or compromise, not able to be changed or adapted once she had made up her mind, she was inflexible.
379 inflexible
to ‫انعطاف ناپذیر‬particular circumstances
in addition; besides (used to introduce a fresh consideration in an This house is on the best street in the neighborhood; furthermore, it
380 furthermore ‫عالوه بر این‬ has easy access to the highway.
argument).
381 gender ‫ جنسیت‬either of the two sexes (male and female) a condition that affects people of both genders
lacking knowledge or awareness in general; uneducated he was told constantly that he was ignorant and stupid
382 ignorant
or ‫نادان‬unsophisticated.
383 incentive ‫ مشوق‬،‫ انگیزه‬a thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something give farmers an incentive to improve their land
the occurrence, rate, or frequency of a disease, crime, or other an increased incidence of cancer
384 incidence
undesirable ‫وقوع‬thing.
take in or contain (something) as part of a whole; include. ‫جا‬ he has incorporated in his proposals a number of measures.
385 incorporate
‫ ترکیب کردن‬،‫دادن‬
( (in a book or set of books) an alphabetical list of names, subjects, etc. ) exam results may serve as an index of the teacher's effectiveness.
386 index ‫ شاخص‬،‫فهرست‬
(a sign or measure of something.)
387 inhibit ‫ منع کردن‬prevent cold inhibits plant growth.
(what is put in, taken in, or operated on by any process or system.) (a there is little input from other members of the team.
388 input
‫ مصرفی‬، ‫ورودي‬contribution of work or information.)
(teach (someone) a subject or skill.). (tell or order someone to do he had a tutor to instruct him in English.
389 instruct ‫آموزش‬something, especially in a formal or official
way.)
390 intelligent ‫ باهوش‬having or showing intelligence, especially of a high level. Anna is intelligent and hard-working.
391 unintelligent ‫ بی استعداد‬having or showing a low level of intelligence. a good-natured but unintelligent boy.
an educational talk to an audience, especially one of students in I do not wish to be lectured about smoking.
392 lecture
a ‫سخنرانی‬university.
393 migrate ‫ مهاجرت‬move from one part of something to another. as autumn arrives, the birds migrate south.
394 minimum ‫ کمترین‬the least or smallest amount or quantity possible, attainable, or required. this can be done with the minimum amount of effort.
395 ministry ‫ وزارتخانه‬a government department headed by a minister. the ministry is housed in a tall building.
396 motive ‫ انگیزه‬a reason for doing something. police were unable to establish a motive for his murder.
not having interest in or enthusiasm for something, especially work an unmotivated attack.
397 unmotivated
or ‫بی انگیزه‬study.
not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, disagreement, during the war, Turkey remained neutral.
398 neutral
etc.; ‫خنثی‬impartial.
399 nevertheless ‫ با این اوصاف‬in spite of that; notwithstanding; all the same. he had not slept that night, nevertheless he was energrtic the next
day.
connected with foreign countries, especially those separated from The firm is expanding into overseas markets
400 overseas
your ‫در خارج از کشور‬country by the sea or ocean
precede somebody/something to happen before something or come before the years preceding the
401 precede
war ‫مقدم بودن‬something/somebody in order
402 presume ‫ فرض کردن‬to suppose that something is true, although you do not have actual proof Is he still abroad?’ ‘I presume so.’
403 irrational ‫ غیر منطقی‬not based on, or not using, clear logical thought You're being irrational
404 recover ‫ بهبود یافتن‬to get well again after being ill, hurt, etc. He's still recovering from his operation
405 reveal ‫ فاش کردن‬to make something known to somebody Her expression revealed nothing
a fact that people are made aware of, especially one that has been secret revelation about/concerning something startling/sensational
406 revelation ‫افشا‬
and is surprising revelations about her private life
407 scope ‫ محدوده‬he opportunity or ability to do or achieve something There's still plenty of scope for improvement.
money that is paid by a government or an organization to reduce the
408 subsidy costs ‫ یارانه‬of services or of producing goods so that their prices can be kept
low
a long, narrow piece of material with a sticky substance on one side that Fit the carpet using double-sided tape.
409 tape ‫ضبط کردن‬/ ‫نوار‬is used for sticking things
together
410 trace ‫ پی گیري‬to find or discover somebody/something by looking carefully for them/it We finally traced him to an address in Chicago.
411 utilise ‫ استفاده کردن‬to use something, especially for a practical purpose The Romans were the first to utilize concrete as a building material.
to change your behaviour in order to deal more successfully with a It's amazing how soon you adapt
412 adapt
new ‫سازگار شدن‬situation
413 adult ‫ بالغ‬a fully grown person who is legally responsible for their actions Children must be accompanied by an adult.
a person who supports or speaks in favour of somebody or of a an advocate for hospital workers
414 advocate
public ‫مدافع‬plan or action
415 aid ‫ کمک‬money, food, etc. that is sent to help countries in difficult situations humanitarian/food/medical aid
an illness that attacks the body’s ability to resist infection and that usually She died of an AIDs-related illness at the age of 54
416 aids ‫ایدز‬
causes death
417 unaided ‫ بدون کمک‬without help from anyone or anything Did she produce this work unaided?
passage that water can flow along, especially in the ground, on the drainage channels in the rice fields
418 channel
‫کانال‬bottom of a river, etc.
419 chemical ‫ شیمیایی‬connected with chemistry changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere
accepted or deserving to be accepted as one of the best or most important a classic
420 classic
film/story/car/game ‫کالسیک‬of its kind
including all, or almost all, the items, details, facts, information, etc., that a comprehensive list of
421 comprehensive
addresses ‫همه جانبه‬may be involved
to state or show that something is definitely true or correct, especially His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions
422 confirm
by ‫تایید کردن‬providing evidence
423 couple ‫ زوج‬two people or things I saw a couple of men get out.
a period of ten years, especially a continuous period, such as 1910– the early decades of the nineteenth century
424 decade
1919 ‫دهه‬or 2000–2009
425 indefinite ‫ نامعین‬lasting for a period of time that has no fixed end She will be away for the indefinite future
426 deny ‫ انکارکردن‬to say that something is not true He has denied any involvement in the incident
427 undeniable ‫ غیر قابل انکار‬true or certain; that cannot be denied He had undeniable charm.
428 differentiate ‫ تمایز‬to recognize or express the difference between things or people Their religion does not differentiate between the rich and poor.
‫مستقر‬. ‫ مرتب کردن‬to arrange things or put them in their places The troops were disposed on both sides of the river
429 dispose ‫ مستعد کردن‬/ ‫کردن‬
‫پذیرا کردن‬.
430 dynamic ‫ پویا‬full of energy and new ideas, and determined to succeed Markets are dynamic and a company must learn to adapt.
to completely get rid of something that is unnecessary or unwanted ‫از‬ The car maker said it will eliminate 74,000 jobs over the next four
431 eliminate years.
‫بین بردن‬
432 empirical ‫ تجربی و آزمایشی‬based on scientific testing or practical experience, not on ideas His theory is inconsistent with the empirical evidence.
to provide a person or place with the things that are needed for a We try to equip our students with the skills they will need in the
433 equip ‫مجهز کردن‬particular kind of activity or world of work
work
to carefully remove a substance from something which contains it, using Oils are extracted from the plants
434 extract
‫استخراج کردن‬a machine, chemical process etc
to keep papers, documents etc in a particular place so that you can find We will keep your details on file
435 file ‫فایل‬
them easily
436 finite ‫ فانی‬،‫ محدود‬having an end or a limit Oil is a finite resource
437 infinite ‫ بی نهایت‬without limits in space or time The variations of color that a human eye can see are infinite.
438 foundation ‫ پایه‬a basic idea, principle, situation etc that something develops from All theories should be built on a foundation of factual knowledge.
439 globe ‫ جهان‬Image of globea round object with a map of the Earth drawn on it Across the globe, sea level varies by hundreds of feet.

particular level of quality that a product, material etc or a mark that a The best grades of tea are expensive/ I really liked my eighth grade
440 grade
‫نمره دادن‬/‫رتبه‬/ ‫درجه‬student is given for their work or for an examination math teacher.
to promise to do something or to promise that something will happen If you send the application form in straight away, I can guarantee
441 guarantee
‫ضمانت‬ you an interview.
a system of organization in which people or things are divided into levels He rapidly rose in the corporate hierarchy.
442 hierarchy
‫سلسله مراتب‬of importance
a set of beliefs on which a political or economic system is based, or Art schools have been forced into the commercial ideology of
443 ideology ‫ایدئولوژي‬which strongly influence the way people Toryism
behave
‫استنتاج‬/‫ نتیجه گیري‬to form an opinion that something is probably true because of It is easy to infer that the marriage was not a very happy one
444 infer
‫کردن‬information that you have
445 innovate ‫ نوآوري‬to design and develop new and original products The company has successfully innovated new products and services.
‫در میان‬/‫ درج کردن‬to put something inside/into or between something else Theoretically you could insert a row for every individual by name
446 insert
‫گذاشتن و جا دادن‬
447 isolate ‫ منزوي‬to separate one person, group, or thing from other people or things Their goal is to surround and isolate the town
all the different ways of entertaining and giving information to the public The Japanese media have carried detailed reports of the scandal.
448 media ‫رسانه ها‬and advertising goods, for example television, radio, and
newspape
449 mode ‫ حالت‬a particular way or style of behaving, living, or doing something They have a relaxed mode of life that suits them well.
a model or example that shows how something works or is produced The needs of today's children cannot be met by our
450 paradigm
‫الگو‬ old educational paradigms.
something or someone that is very unusual because of a rare quality We now know that our system of planets orbiting the sun is not
451 phenomenon
or ‫پدیده‬ability that they have a unique phenomenon
452 prohibit ‫ ممنوع کرده است‬to say that an action is illegal or not allowed They are prohibited from revealing details about the candidates.
453 quote ‫ نقل قول‬to repeat exactly what someone else has said or written She quoted from a newspaper article.
-‫رها کردن‬/‫ رهایی‬to let someone go free, after having kept them somewhere Police arrested several men, who were later released
454 release
‫منتشر ساختن‬
‫ وارونه کردن‬/‫ معکوس‬to change something, such as a decision, judgment, or process so that it is The image on the screen was reversed and upside down.
455 reverse
‫برگشتن‬- the opposite of what it was before
456 irreversible ‫ برگشت ناپذیر‬you cannot change something back to how it was before. Fossil fuels have caused irreversible damage to the environment,
To make or produce sth that is not real but has the appearance or feeling Interviews can be simulated in the classroom
457 simulate
‫شبیه سازي‬of being real
458 sole ‫ تنها‬thing is the only one The story was published with the sole purpose of selling newspapers.
459 somewhat ‫ قدري‬more than a little but not very The price is somewhat higher than I expected,
To give a plan, piece of writing to someone in authority for them to All applications must be submitted by Monday.
460 submit
‫ارسال‬conider
461 successor ‫ جانشین‬Someone who takes a job or position previously held by someone else His successor died after only 15 months in office.
462 survive ‫ زنده ماندن‬To cintinue to live after an accident, war or illness Only 12 of the 140 passengers survived.

A long piece of writing about a particular subject that you do as part of Sara still working on her thesis
463 thesis ‫پایان نامه‬
MA or phD
A long piece of writing about a particular subject that you do as part of They wrote their doctoral theses on contemporary french literature.
464 theses ‫پایان نامه ها‬
MA or phD
465 topic ‫ موضوع‬a subject that people talk or write about The environment is a popular topic these days
final Our ultimate objective is to have as many female members of
466 ultimate
‫نهایی‬ parliament as there are male.
467 unique ‫ منحصر بفرد‬unusually good and special Each person's fingerprints are unique.
468 visible ‫ قابل رویت‬sth that is visible can be seen The outline of the mountains was clearly visible.
469 invisible ‫ نامرئی‬something that is invisible cannot be seen The gas is invisible but highly dangerous.
470 voluntary ‫ داوطلبانه‬done or given willingly, without being forced or paid to do it a voluntary organization providing help for the elderly
to leave a place, thing, or person, usually for ever As a baby he was abandoned by his mother. / We had to abandon the
471 abandon
‫رها کردن‬ car and walk the rest of the way.
472 accompany ‫ همراهی کردن‬to go somewhere with someone Children under 14 must be accompanied by an adult.
473 unaccompanied ‫ بدون همراهی‬someone or something that is unaccompanied has no one with them an unaccompanied singer or musician sings or plays alone
to collect a large number of things over a long period of time As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a greater
474 accumulate
‫انباشتن‬ proportion of their incomes
something that is ambiguous is unclear, confusing, or not certain, His reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous.
475 ambiguous ‫مبهم‬especially because it can be understood in more than one
way
a statement, instruction etc that is unambiguous is clear and easy to The minister promised a clear and unambiguous statement on the
476 unambiguous ‫بدون ابهام‬understand because it can only mean one future of the coal industry.
thing
to add something to the end of a piece of writing Several footnotes were appended to the text.
477 append
‫ پیوست کردن‬،‫افزودن‬
used to thank someone in a polite way or to say that you are grateful We really appreciate all the help you gave us last weekend.
478 appreciate
for ‫قدردانی کردن‬something they have done
‫ برپایه ي داوري و‬decided or arranged without any reason or plan, often unfairly This effectively enables the Home Office to make arbitrary decisions
‫ترجیح فردي (نه بر‬
479 arbitrary
‫پایه ي مقررات و‬
)‫قوانین و قراردادها‬
480 automate ‫ خودکار کردن‬to start using computers and machines to do a job, rather than people Massive investment is needed to automate the production process.
481 bias ‫ جانبداري‬an unfair personal opinion that influences your judgment Students were evaluated without bias.
able to judge fairly because you are not influenced by your own opinions/ Television news was relatively
482 unbiased
unbiased. ‫بی طرفانه‬impartial
483 chart ‫ جدول‬a sheet of information in the form of a table, graph, or diagram./ diagram a chart showing last year’s sales
‫ ناشناخته و‬،‫ بی سابقه‬An uncahrted place or situation is completely new and therefore has Nuclear fusion has taken physicists into uncharted waters.
484 uncharted
‫جدید‬never been described before
To make something clear or easier to understand by giving more details Could you clarify the first point please? I don’t understand it
485 clarify ‫روشن کردن‬or a simpler completely.
explanation
486 commodity ‫ جنس‬،‫ کاال‬A substance or product that can be traded, bought, or sold. The international commodities market
To behave according to the usualstandards of behaviour that are At our school, you were required to conform, and there was no place
487 conform
expected ‫پیروي کردن‬by a group or society. for originality.
Someone who lives and thinks in a way that is different from other people They were stubborn nonconformists who chose to be arrested instead
488 nonconformist
‫فرد ناپیرو و ناموافق‬ of obeying the laws.
489 non-conformist ‫ خودراي‬Having a way of thinking that is different from other people. Nonconformist behaviour
490 crucial ‫ حیاتی‬Extremely important or necessary Her work has been crucial to the project's success.
The money that is used in a particular country at a particular time Take some foreign currency to cover incidentals like the taxi fare to
491 currency
‫واحد پول‬ your hotel.
‫ معنی‬،‫ مشخص کردن‬To represent or mean something The colour red is used to denote passion or danger.
492 denote
‫بخشیدن‬
، ‫ کشف کردن‬To notice something that is partly hidden or not clear, or to discover Some sounds cannot be detected by the human ear.
493 detect
‫تشخیص دادن‬something, especially using a special method:
To do something that is different from the usual or common way The recent pattern of weather deviates from the norm for this time of
494 deviate
of ‫منحرف شدن‬behaving year.
495 drama ‫ تئاتر‬،‫ نمایش‬A play in a theatre or on television or radio, or plays and acting generally She's starred in several TV dramas.
Happening or existing at a later time or at the end, especially after a lot of It is impossible to predict the eventual outcome of the
496 eventual
negotiations. ‫نهایی‬effort, problems, etc
To show something publicly In the summer the academy will exhibit several prints that are rarely
497 exhibit
‫نمایش دادن‬ seen
To use something in a way that helps you The increased globalization of the commodity trading business is
498 exploit
‫بهره برداري کردن‬ something we must exploit.
To change, especially continuously and between one level or thing Her weight fluctuates wildly.
499 fluctuate
and ‫نوسان داشتن‬another
Information intended to advise people on how something should be done Most teachers think the government's guidelines on homework are
500 guideline ‫راهنما‬ too prescriptive.
or what something should be
501 highlight ‫ برجسته‬To attract attention to or emphasize something important The report highlights the need for improved safety.
To persuade someone to do They induced her to take the job by promising editorial freedom
502 induce something ‫استدالل و یا تشویق(وادار کردن(معموال با‬
503 inevitable ‫ اجتناب ناپذیر‬Certain to happen and unable to be avoided or prevented The accident was the inevitable consequence of carelessness
The basic systems and services, such as transport and power supplies, The war has badly damaged the country's infrastructure
504 infrastructure ‫زیر ساخت‬that a country or organization uses in order to work
effectively
To look at something or someone carefully in order to discover After the crash both drivers got out and inspected their cars for damage
505 inspect ‫بازرسی‬information, especially about their quality or
condition
506 intense ‫ قوي‬،‫ شدید‬Extreme and forceful or (of a feeling) very strong He suddenly felt an intense pain in his back.
To control something or someone to your advantage, often unfairly Throughout her career she has very successfully manipulated the
507 manipulate
or ‫دستکاري کردن‬dishonestly media.
Being or using the power produced when the nucleus of an atom is Nuclear energy/power
508 nuclear ‫هسته اي‬divided or joined to another
nucleus
‫ جبران‬،‫ متعادل کردن‬To balance one influence against an opposing influence so that no great The extra cost of travelling to work is offset by the lower price of
509 offset houses here
‫کردن‬difference results:
A short part of a text, consisting of at least one sentence and beginning on Now turn to page 23 and look at the first paragraph.
510 paragraph ‫بند‬a new line. It usually deals with a single event, description, idea,
etc.
511 plus ‫ به عالوه‬Added to The cost is $205 plus $3 for shipping.
512 pluses ‫ مزایا‬advantages we are a tight family,with all the pluses and disadvantages of that.
someone who regularly does a particular activity General practitioners in Berkshire claimed 31.5 night visits per 1000
513 practitioner
‫متخصص‬ population in 1992.
514 predominant ‫ غالب‬more powerful, more common, or more easily noticed than others Yellow is the predominant color in most of his paintings.
515 prospect ‫ چشم انداز‬a particular event which will probably or definitely happen in the future Greeks face the prospect of new general elections next month.
radical ideas are very new and different, and are against what most I was shocked by her radical views.
516 radical
people ‫افراطی‬think or believe
517 random ‫ تصادفی‬happening or chosen without any definite plan, aim, or pattern The company has introduced random drug testing of its employees.
518 reinforce ‫ تقویت‬to give support to an opinion, idea, or feeling, and make it stronger The film reinforces the idea that women should be pretty and dumb.
to make something return to its former state or condition She was hoping that the Mediterranean climate would restore her to
519 restore
‫بازگرداندن‬ full health.
520 revise ‫ تجدید نظر کنید‬to change something because of new information or ideas We have revised our estimates of population growth.
521 schedule ‫ برنامه‬a plan of what someone is going to do and when they are going to do it The majority of holiday flights depart and arrive on schedule.
to arrange for something to happen at a different time from the one that The press conference had to be rescheduled for March 19.
522 reschedule
‫زمانبندي دوباره‬was previously planned
523 unscheduled ‫ برنامه ریزي نشده‬not planned or expected Bad weather forced the pilots to make an unscheduled landing.
any of the forms of a verb that show the time, continuance, or completion Switching from the future to the present tense has other advantages.
524 tense
‫زمان فعل‬of an action or state that is expressed by the
verb.
525 tension ‫ تنش‬a nervous worried feeling that makes it impossible for you to relax The tension was becoming unbearable, and I wanted to scream.
526 terminate ‫ خاتمه دادن‬if something terminates, or if you terminate it, it ends The court ruled that the contract must be terminated.
527 theme ‫ موضوع‬the main subject or idea in a piece of writing, speech, film etc The book’s theme is the conflict between love and duty.
528 thematic ‫ موضوعی‬relating to a particular theme, or organized according to a theme the thematic organization of paintings in the exhibit.
529 thereby ‫ در نتیجه‬with the result that something else happens He became a citizen in 1978, thereby gaining the right to vote.
a particular type of clothing worn by all the members of a group or He was still wearing his school uniform.
530 uniform ‫لباس فرم‬organization such as the police, the army
etc
a machine with an engine that is used to take people or things from one Have you locked your
531 vehicle
vehicle? ‫وسیله نقلیه‬place to another, such as a car, bus, or truck
532 via ‫ از طریق‬travelling through a place on the way to another place We flew to Athens via Paris.
made, done, seen etc on the Internet or on a computer, rather than in the The website allows you to take a virtual tour of the art
533 virtual
gallery. ‫مجازي‬real world
534 visual ‫ دیداري‬relating to seeing Artists translate their ideas into visual images.
existing or happening in many places or situations, or among many people the widespread use of chemicals in agriculture. ‫بطور‬
535 widespread
‫گسترده‬
536 analogy ‫ تقلید‬something that seems similar between two situations, processes etc analogies between human and animal behaviour.
537 anticipate ‫ پیش بینی‬to expect that something will happen and be ready for it. Sales are better than anticipated.
538 unanticipated ‫ غیرقابل پیش بینی‬an unanticipated event or result is one that you did not expect Risk of unanticipated changes in the term structure of interest rates.
539 assure ‫ اطمینان دادن‬to make something certain to happen or to be achieved Excellent reviews have assured the film’s success.
attain something to succeed in getting something, usually after a lot of Most of our students attained five ‘A’ grades in their exams.
540 attain
‫دستیابی به‬effort
in behalf of somebody | in somebody’s behalf: in order to help We collected money in behalf of the homeless.
somebody. on behalf of somebody | on somebody’s behalf: as the On behalf of the department I would like to thank you all.
541 behalf
representative of
‫از طرف‬somebody or instead of them
542 bulk ‫ حجم‬the main part of something; most of something The bulk of the population lives in cities.
to stop happening or existing; to stop something from happening You never cease to amaze me! / They voted to cease strike
543 cease
or ‫دست کشیدن‬existing action immediately.
544 coherent ‫ منسجم‬logical and well organized; easy to understand and clear a coherent policy for the transport system
545 incoherent ‫ ناهماهنگ‬unable to express yourself clearly, often because of emotion She broke off, incoherent with anger.
to take place at the same time It's a pity our trips to New York don't coincide. / coincide with
546 coincide ‫مصادف شدن‬ something The strike was timed to coincide with the party
conference.
547 recommences ‫ شروع مجدد‬to begin again; to start doing something again Work on the bridge will recommence next month.
548 compatible ‫ سازگار‬able to be used together The new system will be compatible with existing equipment.
concurrent (with something) existing or happening at the same time He was imprisoned for two concurrent terms of 30 months and 18
549 concurrent
‫هم زمان‬ months.
an object or a piece of equipment that has been designed to do The new devices will be installed at US airports.
550 device
a ‫دستگاه‬particular job
to use all or most of time, effort, rtc in order to do something or She devoted her life to God.
551 devote
help ‫اختصاص‬someone.
to become smaller, weaker, etc.; to make something become smaller, The world's resources are rapidly diminishing.
552 diminish ‫کاهش‬weaker,
etc.
‫ ضعیف‬/ ‫ کم نشدن‬that has not become smaller or weaker Her influence in the company remained undiminished.
553 undiminished
‫نشدن‬
to change the shape, appearance or sound of something so that it The loudspeaker seemed to distort his voice.
554 distort
is ‫ تغییر‬/ ‫تحریف‬strange or not clear
555 duration ‫ دوره‬/ ‫ مدت زمان‬the length of time that something lasts or continues The school was used as a hospital for the duration of the war.
to gradually destroy the surface of something through the action of wind, The rocks have eroded away over time.
556 erode ‫فرسایش‬rain, etc.; to be gradually destroyed in this
way
557 ethic ‫ اخالق‬moral principles that control or influence a person’s behaviour He began to question the ethics of his position.
558 unethical ‫ غیر اخالقی‬not morally acceptable The doctor was suspended amid accusations of unethical behaviour.
559 format ‫ قالب‬the general arrangement, plan, design, etc. of something The format of the new quiz show has proved popular.
not based on reason or fact ‫بی‬ Speculation about a divorce proved totally unfounded.
560 unfounded
‫اساس‬
inherent (in somebody/something) that is a basic or permanent part of the difficulties inherent in a study of this type
561 inherent ‫ذاتی‬
somebody/something and that cannot be removed
/‫ کتابچه راهنماي‬involving using the hands or physical strength manual and non-manual workers
562 manual
‫دستی‬
563 mature ‫ بالغ‬behaving in a sensible way, like an adult Jane is very mature for her age.
behaving in a way that is not sensible and is typical of people who are her reaction is like an immature person
564 immature ‫نابالغ‬
much younger
in the middle between a larger and smaller size, amount, length, There are three sizes—small, medium and large.
565 medium ‫متوسط‬temperature,
etc.
566 military ‫ نظامی‬connected with soldiers or the armed forces We may have to take military action.
used to describe feelings that two or more people have for each other I don't like her, and I think the feeling is mutual (= she doesn't like
567 mutual ‫متقابل‬equally, or actions that affect two or more people me either).
equally
568 norm ‫ هنجار‬the usual or normal situation, way of doing something etc Short term contracts are now the norm with some big companies.
569 norms ‫[ هنجارها‬plural] generally accepted standards of social behaviour Terrorists who violate the norms of civilized society
if two subjects, ideas etc overlap, they include some but not all of Ali’s responsibilities overlap yours, so you will be sharing some of
570 overlap
the ‫همپوشانی‬same things the work.
someone who is passive tends to accept things that happen to them or Kathy seems to take a very passive role in the relationship.
571 passive ‫منفعل‬things that people say to them, without taking any
action
a part of something larger, especially a part that is different from the My mother always gave the boys bigger portions than she gave me.
572 portion ‫بخش‬
other parts
happening before something that is more important, often in order Preliminary market research has shown that most Americans prefer
573 preliminary
to ‫ مقدماتی‬/ ‫اولیه‬prepare for it environmentally-friendly products.
a system of rules about the correct way to behave on an official occasion Under the new protocol, women will stay in the clinic for
574 protocol ‫پروتکل‬ four hours to be watched for the appearance of new
symptoms.
575 qualitative ‫ کیفی‬relating to the quality or standard of something rather than the quantity The research involves qualitative analysis of students' performance.
to improve a method, plan, system etc by gradually making slight changes Car makers are constantly refining their designs.
576 refine
‫بهبود بخشیدن‬to it

577 relax ‫ مالیم کردن یا شدن‬to make a rule or law less strict They relaxed the rigid immigration laws
578 revolution ‫ تغییر اساسی‬a complete change in ways of thinking, methods of working etc In the last ten years there has been a revolution in education.
‫انعطاف‬/‫ سفت و سخت‬rigid methods, systems etc are very strict and difficult to change The key to success is flexibility. If you're too rigid, you could be in
579 rigid trouble.
‫ناپذیر‬
580 route ‫راه‬/‫ مسیر‬a way of doing something or achieving a particular result War has never been a painless route to peace.
a situation that could possibly happen In a worst-case scenario all life on the planet would be wiped out by
581 scenario
‫سناریو‬ a nuclear war.
582 sphere ‫قلمرو‬/‫ حوزه‬a particular area of activity, work, knowledge etc It is outside the sphere of her authority.
583 subordinate ‫مادون‬/‫ زیر دست‬in a less important position than someone else Ali is kind toward his subordinates.
something that you add to something else to improve it or make This income is a supplement to my main income.
584 supplement
it ‫مکمل‬complete
585 suspend ‫ تعلیق‬to officially stop something from continuing, especially for a short time Sales of the drug will be suspended until more tests are completed.
a group of people who have been chosen to work together to do The coins were discovered by a team of archaeologists.
586 team
a ‫تیم‬particular job
‫ تیم شدن‬to put two things or people together, because they will look good or I teamed him with a guy who knows the boat and Mexico.
587 teamed
work well togethe
to put two things or people together, because they will look good or work Him and I are teaming a project that involves all of you.
588 teaming
‫تیمی کاري کردن‬well togethe
a group of people who play a game or sport together against another group At this moment, there are three teams.
589 teams
‫تیم ها‬
590 temporary ‫ موقت‬continuing for only a limited period of time I’m living with my parents, but it’s only temporary.
‫راه‬/‫ موجب شدن‬to make something happen very quickly, especially a series of events His speech triggered the riot.
591 trigger
‫انداختن‬
if you unify two or more parts or things, or if they unify, they are Strong support for the war has unified the nation.
592 unify
‫متحد کردن‬combined to make a single unit
‫زیر پا‬/‫ نقض کردن‬to disobey or do something against regimes that violate human rights ‫ گذاشتن‬an official agreement, law,
593 violate
principle etc
594 vision ‫ بینایی‬the ability to see Glasses can improve one's vision.
a room, building, piece of land etc that is adjacent to something is next to We stayed in adjacent
595 adjacent
rooms. ‫مجاور‬it
596 albeit ‫ هرچند‬despite the stated thing; although The evening was very pleasant, albeit a little quiet.
to bring or come together in a single group or place, or to put together Workers were earning $20 an hour assembling cars.
597 assemble
‫جمع کردن‬the parts of something
to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake. ‫سقوط‬
598 collapse
‫ فروپاشی‬-
599 colleague ‫ همکار‬one of a group of people who work together We're entertaining some colleagues of Carol's tonight.
to collect information from different places and arrange it in We're compiling some facts and figures for a documentary on
600 compile
‫گردآوري‬a book, report, or list the subject.
601 convince ‫ متقاعد کردن‬to persuade someone or make someone certain He managed to convince the jury of his innocence
602 depress ‫ افسردگی‬to cause someone to feel unhappy and without hope: This weather depresses me
603 encounter ‫ رویارویی‬a meeting, especially one that happens by chance I had an alarming encounter with a wild pig.
604 enormous ‫ عظیم‬extremely large an enormous car/house
happening soon We have just received the information about the
605 forthcoming
‫آینده‬forthcoming conference.
606 incline ‫ شیب‬to (make someone) feel something or want to do something The prime minister is believed to be inclining towards an April election
being an extremely important and basic characteristic of a person or thing: works of little intrinsic value/interest
607 intrinsic
‫ذاتی‬
if you invoke a law, rule etc, you say that you are doing something The UN threatened to invoke economic sanctions if the talks were
608 invoke ‫استناد‬ broken off.
because the law allows or forces you to
an amount of money, such as a tax, that you have to pay to They imposed a five percent levy on alcohol.
609 levy ‫ وضع مالیات‬، ‫مالیات‬a government or
organization:
in the same way ‫به‬ Just water these plants twice a week, and likewise the ones in
610 likewise the bedroom.
‫همین ترتیب‬
Nevertheless. despite what has just been said or done: ‫با‬ There are serious problems in our country. Nonetheless, we feel this
611 nonetheless is a good time to return.
‫این وجود‬
despite the fact or thing mentioned Notwithstanding some members' objections, I think we must
612 notwithstanding
‫با وجود این‬ go ahead with the plan
613 odd ‫ عجیب‬strange or unexpected It's odd that no one's seen him.
614 ongoing ‫ در دست اقدام‬continuing to exist or develop, or happening at the present moment an ongoing investigation/process/project
a small group of people chosen to give advice, make a decision, The competition will be judged by a panel of experts.
615 panel
‫ تابلو‬، ‫هیات‬or publicly discuss their opinions as entertainment:
616 persist ‫ اصرار ورزیدن‬If an unpleasant feeling or situation persists, it continues to exist If an unpleasant feeling or situation persists, it continues to exist
‫ تحمیل‬،‫ منتج شدن‬to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone.
617 pose
‫کردن‬

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AWL essential word list for IELTS reading

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

‫قرارداد‬ Tyler has agreed a seven_year contract with a

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

A newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or medical journals

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬ Meaning Example

Row Word ‫ترجمه فارسی‬Meaning Example

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