● Related Rates

(1) Quantities: express quantity as function “V(x)” and it’s rate (dv/dt)
(2) Relate: Formula with both quantities: (e.g. geometric: V(x) = π * r * h(x)
(3) Derive: Derivative of both sides (e.g Turns “V(x) =” into “dv/dx =”
(4) Plug, solve: Plug given information, and isolate for unknown rate

● L'hospital's Rule
(1) Attempt to plug in limit
(2) Indeterminate form: limit = 0/0 or inf/inf
(3) Derivative of top+bottom: (f’(x) = 0, top = 0, bottom = 0)
(4) Re-evaluate limit: if not, try again
- Might not go anywhere or gets more complicated
- Try to recognize a pattern. Usually can lead to constant/infinity which is 0

● Maximum And Minimum

(1) 1st derivative: (if not given)
(2) Critical points: (f’(x) = 0, top = 0, bottom = 0)
(3) Evaluate at f(x): plug crit. Points into f(x)
(4) Sign: = positive: incr, negative: decr.

● Concavity, Inflection Points, 2nd Derivative Test

(1) 2nd derivative: (if not given)
(2) Inflection points: (when f’’(x) = 0)
(3) Evaluate in intervals: [x<2]: (+): conc. up, min. - (-): conc. down, max
- Can be counted by seeing how many times the sign changes

● Optimization
(1) Formulas: for box: surface area, and volume
(2) Solve for variable: (when f’’(x) = 0)
(3) Plug back into main formula: for single-variable expression
(4) Derive: take 1st derivative
(5) Optimize: finding absolute max/min, or solving for missing values

● Indefinite Integrals Or Antiderivatives

(1) Simplify: check if anything can be expanded or simplified
(2) Separate: terms +/- other terms can be separated
(3) Try to substitute: choose a function that will cause [udu]
(4) Try to partial: recognize a function that can be derived, and integrated

● Area Between Curves, Volume

(1) Determine top function: comparing result by plugging value on the interval
(2) Subtract definite integrals: ∫[b,a] f(x)dx - ∫[b,a] g(x)dx

(3) Finding volume: ∫[b,a] π([f(x)]2 - [g(x)]2) dx