TEACHING NOTES (2022-23)

GRADE : VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE

Chapter: 1-Food: Where Does It Come From?

I.NEW WORDS:

1. ingredient 2. Edible 3. Sprouted 4. Nectar 5. Squirrel 6. herbivore

7. dairy products 8. Carnivore 9. Omnivore 10. disease 11. Organisms

12. Cereals 13. Cauliflower 14. spinach 15. infection

II.ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

1. Define the following:

(a) Ingredients (b) Sprouted seeds

Ans. (a) Ingredients: Food items or substances that are combined to make a
particular dish are called its ingredients.

(b)Sprouted seeds: Seeds which grow white thread like structures when soaked
in water.

2. Explain the importance of food for living organisms.

Ans. Importance of food is:
(i) It provides energy to do various activities.
(ii) It helps in growth.
(iii) It helps to repair and replace damaged parts of the body.
(iv) It protects us from infections and diseases.

3. Explain the various sources of food items and ingredients with the help
of examples.
Ans. There are mainly two sources of ingredients of various food items:
(i)Plants: Plants provide us fruits, vegetables, pulses, grains, cereals etc.
(ii) Animals: Animals provide us milk, eggs, meat etc..

4.(i) Name the different parts of a banana plant that are used as food.
(ii) Animal food we get from water resources.
(iii) Four fruits which we eat as vegetables.
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GRADE : VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE

Ans. (i) Flower, fruit and stem of banana.

(ii) Fish, prawn, lobustar and crabes.
(iii) Fruits of tomato, brinjal, Ladyfinger (bhindi), cucumber (Loki)
5.Name two plants for each of the following parts of the plants we eat:
a) Roots b) Stems c) Leaves d) Flowers e)Fruits f) Seeds
A.a) Roots: carrot, raddish, turnip, sweet potato
b) Stems: sugarcane, ginger, potato, onion
c) Leaves: spinach, lettuce, cabbage, mint.
d) Flowers: cauliflower, broccoli, banana
e) Fruits: mango, tomato, apple
f) Seeds: rice, moong, beans

6. Make flow charts for the preparation of honey and ghee.

Ans. Preparation of honey:

HOTS:
1. Does everyone around you get enough food to eat? If not, Why?

Ans. Everyone around us does not get enough food to eat because:
i. Everywhere population, poverty and unemployment.
ii. We take enough food than we eat end refuse to give who have none.
iii. The more we take the less others get and it leaves people hungry..
2.What are the ways we can think of to avoid wastage of food?
Ans. Following ways can be implemented to avoid wastage of food:
i. Proper storage of food grains, pulses, fruits and vegetables.
ii. Prevent leaving food uneaten in meals.
iii. Prevent wastage of food in social gatherings or functions.
iv. Leftovers must be kept in the refrigerator and then reused.
 TEACHING NOTES (2022-23)

GRADE : VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE

Chapter-2: COMPONENTS OF FOOD

I.HARD WORDS:
1. nutrients 2.proteins 3.protective 4.vitamins 5.essential 6.disease
7. copper sulphate 8. caustic soda 9.iodine
10. carbohydrates 11.muscles 12.rickets 13.minerals
14. quantities 15.anaemia
II.ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

1. Why should a meal have different food items?

Ans: A meal should have different food items because our body needs different
kinds of nutrients for proper functioning.
2. Define the following:
(a) Nutrients (b)Balanced diet
Ans. (a) Nutrients: Nutrients are substances that are needed by our body for
healthy growth and functioning.
(b) Balanced diet: A diet that contains the right amounts of the different
components of food required for the healthy functioning of our body is called
balanced diet.
3. List various types of nutrients and write the functions of each.
Ans. The various types of nutrients are:
(i) Carbohydrates: They are mainly energy-providing nutrients.
(ii) Fats: They provide energy for the body. They give much more energy than
carbohydrates if consumed in same amount.
(iii) Proteins: They are called body-building foods. Proteins help in the
formation and repairing of body parts. Skin, hair, muscles, enzymes are made
up of proteins.
(iv) Vitamins: Vitamins help in protecting our body against disease. They also
protect eyes, bones, teeth and gums.
(v) Minerals: Minerals are essential for proper growth of body and to maintain
good health.
4. What are vitamins? Write various kinds of vitamins.
Ans: i.They are protective compounds with no energy value
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GRADE : VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE

.ii. They help in proper body functioning and are required by the body in very
small quantities.

iii. Various kinds of vitamins are—Vitamin A, Vitamin B-complex, Vitamin C,

Vitamin D, Vitamin E and Vitamin K.

5. Write test for detecting the presence of starch.

Ans:i. Take a piece of the food item. Put 2-3 drops of dilute iodine solution on
it.
ii. If the colour of the food item becomes blue-black, then it indicates the
presence of starch in the food item.
(a) Food + Iodine — Blue-black colour (starch present)
(b) Food + Iodine — No blue-black colour (no starch present).

6. How can you test presence of proteins in a given food item?

Ans:. Take a small quantity of the food item.
i. If the sample is solid, grind it.
ii. Put some part of this in a clean test tube, add 10 drops of water to it and
shake the test tube.
iii. Now, with the help of a dropper, add two drops of solution of copper
sulphate and 10 drops of solution of caustic soda to the test tube.
iv. Shake well and place the test tube in test tube stand for a few minutes.
v. Observe colour of the contents of test tube. If colour of the contents turns
violet, the food item contains protein.
7. What do you understand by dietary fibre? Why do we need it in our
diet?
A.i) The fibre present in our food is called dietary fibre or roughage.
ii. We need dietary fibre in our diet because it adds bulk to our food and helps
in easy removal of solid waste from our body and also prevents constipation.

8. What are deficiency diseases? Write five deficiency diseases along with
the name of the nutrient linked with each.
A.i) Diseases that are caused due to lack of nutrients are called deficiency
diseases.
ii) Five deficiency diseases and the nutrients linked are:-
 TEACHING NOTES (2022-23)

GRADE : VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE

a) Nigth blindness  vitamin A

b) Rickets  vitamin D
c) Goiter  iodine
d) Anaemia  iron
e) Osteoporosis  calcium

HOTS:

1. Why should we give more protein rich food to growing children?

A.i) Growing children need protein to help them build and repair cells in the
body.
ii) Proteins help to form new blood cells and body tissues, and help the
nervous system function properly.
2. A construction worker needs more carbohydrates in her diet than a
writer. Do you think this is right?
A.i) Yes, a construction worker needs a lot of energy for day to day work
than a writer.
i) As carbohydrates provide us the energy needed for work the construction
worker needs more carbohydrates.

Chapter-3: FIBRE TO FABRIC

I. New Words:
1. fibre 2. Polyester 3. Synthetic 4. Twisted 5. immersed
6. obtained 7. Ginning 8. Weaving 9. Knitting 10. Harvested

II. Answer the following:

1. Define the following:
(a) Knitting (b) Ginning
Ans :(a) Knitting: The process in which a single yarn is used to make a
piece of fabric is called knitting.
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GRADE : VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE

(b) Ginning: The process of separating cotton fibre from the seeds is called
ginning.
2. How many types of fibres are there? Give two examples each.
Ans. There are two types of fibres:
(i) Natural fibres
Examples; Cotton, Jute
(ii) Synthetic fibres
Examples; Polyester, Nylon
3. Explain the process of making yarn from fibre.
Ans. Yarns are made up of thin strands called fibres. The process of making
yam from fibres is called spinning. In this process, a mass of cotton wool are
drawn out and twisted. This brings the fibres together to form yarn.
4. List the steps involved in the preparation of fabric.
Ans. The following steps are involved in the preparation of fabrics:
(i) Obtaining fibre,
(ii) Preparation of yarn from fibres by spinning,
(iii) When two sets of yarn are involved, yarns are woven on looms to make
a fabric. When a single yarn is used, the fabric is prepared by knitting.
5. Explain how jute is obtained from the jute plant.
Ans. The jute plant is normally harvested at flowering stage. The stems of
harvested plants are bundled and immersed in water for 10 to 15 days. The
stems rot (the process is called retting) and fibres are separated by hand.
These fibres are converted into yarns to make fabrics.
6. Describe the process of the formation of yarn from cotton wool.
Ans. a. The cotton wool is obtained from cotton plants.
b. The cotton plants are grown in fields. They are usually grown at the places
having black soil and warm climate.
c. The fruit of the cotton plants called cotton bolls are about the size of
lemons. After maturing, the bolls burst open and seeds covered with cotton
fibres can be seen.
d. From the cotton bolls cotton is picked by hands. Fibres are then separated
from the seeds by combing.
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GRADE : VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE

e. This process is called ginning of cotton. It is done by hand or by machines.

These fibres are then converted into yarn.
7. Describe the process of spinning and weaving.
Ans. Spinning: i) The process of making yarn from fibres is called spinning.
ii. In this process fibres from a mass of cotton wool are drawn out and
twisted. By this fibres come together to form a yarn. Spinning can be done
by hand, by takli and charkha.
iii. On a large scale, spinning is done with the help of machines.
Weaving: i) The process of arranging two sets of yarns together to make a
fabric is called weaving.
ii. The process of weaving can be done on looms. The looms are either-hand
operated or power operated.
CHAPTER.4 SORTING MATERIALS INTO GROUPS-(DELETED)

CHAPTER-5: SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

I.NEW WORDS:

1.separate 2. Substance 3. Winnowing 4. Particles 5. sieving

6. impurities 7. sedimentation 8. Decantation 9. Filtration 10.lemonade

11. Dissolve 12. Construction 13.heavier 14. funnel 15. harmful

II.ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

1. Why do we need to separate different components of a mixture? Give

two examples.
Ans: Among different components of mixture there are many substances which
are harmful or not useful for us. To remove these harmful or un useful
components we need to separate them. For example;
(a) Tea leaves are separated from the liquid with a strainer while preparing tea.
(b) Stone pieces from wheat, rice or pulses are picked out by hand.
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GRADE : VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE

2. . What is winnowing? Where is it used?

Ans: Winnowing is used to separate heavier and lighter components of a
mixture by wind or by blowing air. This process is used by farmers to separate
lighter husk particles from heavier seeds of grain.

3. How will you separate husk or dirt particles from a given sample of
pulses before cooking?
Ans: Husk or dirt particles can be separated by winnowing, being lighter they
will fly away from pulses.

4. What is Sieving? Where can it be used?

Ans. Sieving is a process by which fine particles are separated from bigger
particles by using a sieve. It is used in flour mill or at construction sites. In flour
mill, impurities like husks and stones are removed from wheat. Pebbles and
stones are removed from sand by sieving.

5. How will you separate sand and water from their mixture?
Ans. We will separate sand and water by sedimentation and decantation
method. First we leave this mixture for some time. After some time, the sand
which is heavier is settled down at the bottom. After that we will pour water
into another container and the mixture will be separated.

6. Is it possible to separate sugar mixed with wheat flour? If yes, how will
you do it?
Ans. Sugar can be separated from wheat flour by sieving. Due to difference in
the size of particles, sugar will stay on sieve and wheat flour will pass through
it.

7. How would you obtain clear water from a sample of muddy water?
Ans. We will obtain clear water from a sample of muddy water by the process
of filtration. A filter paper is one such filter that has very fine pores in it.

The steps involved in using a filter paper:

(i). A filter paper folded in the form of a cone is fixed in a funnel.

(ii).The mixture is then poured on the filter paper.

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GRADE : VI SUBJECT: SCIENCE

(iii). Solid particles in the mixture do not pass through it and remain on the
filter.

8. Lemonade is prepared by mixing lemon juice and sugar in water. You

wish to add ice to cool it. Should you add ice to the lemonade before or
after dissolving sugar? In which case would it be possible to dissolve more
sugar?
Ans. We should add ice after dissolving sugar. When the temperature is high
then more sugar can be dissolved. After mixing ice it gets cool and less sugar
will dissolve in it.

CHAPTER-6: CHANGES AROUND US (Only objective)