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𖥔 ݁ MDCK Notes ✧˖°🌷

HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

What is the health profession which performs Medical Laboratory Science

laboratory analysis which aids the diagnosis and
treatment of diseases as well as maintenance of
health?

Who is the father of medicine and author of the Hippocrates, Greek physician and philosopher
hippocratic oath?

What are the four humors of the body? ● Blood

● Phlegm
● Yellow bile
● Black bile

Who wrote about the four humors theory? Hippocrates (300 BC to 180 AD)

What are humors in medicine? Body fluids

What is the four humors theory about? About how a humoral imbalance could result in
illness and could predict moods and temperaments.

What were the qualities of matter that each ● yellow bile with heat
humor was associated with? ● blood with dryness
● phlegm with moisture
● black bile with cold

Who began the practice of examining patients’ Hindu physicians

specimens (urine/urine analysis)?

How was urine tested back then? Physicians used to taste and smell their patient’s pee.

Who advocated the tasting of urine, listening to Hippocrates

the lungs, and observing outward appearance in
the diagnosis of disease?

What were the said indications of kidney disease Bubbles, blood, and pus in urine
and chronic illnesses?

Who described diabetes as “diarrhea of urine” Galen

and established the relationship between fluid
intake and urine volume?

Diagnosis in medieval Europe was done by Water casting/uroscopy

________?
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Patients submitted their urine specimen Decorative flasks
through ________?

Relation of Diabetes to Urology Diabetics are prone to urinary tract infections

(UTIs), bladder issues and sexual dysfunction.

Who was the first to describe the liver in detail? Rufus of Ephesus

Who made the 1st description of hematuria? Rufus of Ephesus

Who observed that proteins in the urine Frederick Dekkers

precipitated when boiled with acetic acid?

Who performed the first quantitative test for Hermann Von Fehling
urine sugar?

What is the oldest preserved Egyptian Ebers Papyrus

compilation of medical texts that is 110 pages?

Who traced the beginning of medical technology Vivian Herrick

when intestinal parasites were first identified?

Who believed that MT started in the university Anne Fagelson

of bologna because Alessandra Gilliana was hired
by physicians to do lab work?

Who was the first female anatomist and a Alessandra Gilani

prosecutor?

Who is the founder of the “Archives of Rudolf Virchow

Pathology” in Berlin?

Who is the Father of Cellular Pathology? Rudolf Virchow

11th CENTURY Highlights Medical practitioners were not allowed to conduct

physical examinations of the patient’s body.

18th CENTURY Highlights Mechanical techniques and cadaver dissections were

used to provide a more objective and accurate
diagnosis to understand the insides of the body.

19th CENTURY John Hutchinson’s spirometer

What was used for measuring the vital capacity

of the lungs?

19TH CENTURY Jules herisson’s Sphygmomanometer

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What was used for measuring blood pressure?

What was considered vital in the diagnosis of The use of chemistry

diabetes, anemia, diphtheria, and syphilis?

Stethoscope ● 1816
● First diagnostic medical breakthrough was
invented by Rene Läennec
● Used to acquire information about lungs and
heartbeats

Microscope ● 1841
● First practical microscope was invented by
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
● Developed for medical purposes due to advances
in lenses and lower costs

Ophthalmoscope ● 1850
● First visual technology was invented by
Hermann von Helmholz

Laryngoscope ● 1855
● Devised by Manuel Garcia using two mirrors to
observe the throat and larynx

X-ray ● 1859
● Invented by Wilhelm Roentgen when he
discovered by accident the radiation could
penetrate solid objects of low density
● Allowed physicians to view the inside of the body
without surgery
● Used to diagnose pneumonia, pleurisy, and
tuberculosis since world war II

Electrocardiograph ● 1903
● Developed by William Einthoven
● Used to measure electrical changes in the beating
of the heart

Kenny Method ● 1910

● Pioneering work for modern physical therapy
● Devised by Elizabeth Kenny in the treatment of
polio
● Prompted the invention of a new stretcher
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intended for transporting patients in shock

Drinker Respirator ● 1927

● Invented by Philip Drinker
● Used to help patients with paralytic anterior
poliomyelitis recover normal respiration with the
assistance of artificial respirator

Heart-lung machine ● 1953

● Invented by John Heysham Gibbon
● Also called the cardiopulmonary bypass
machine. It pumps blood while your heart is
stopped and adds oxygen to the blood before it is
pumped throughout the body.

Cardiac catheterization and Angiography ● First operated by Werner Forssmann (1929)

● Developed by Monniz, Reboul, Rousthoi
(1930-1940)
● Discovered as safe method in humans by
Cournand (1941)
● Made seeing the heart, lung vessels, and valves
possible through inserting a cannula in an arm
vein and into the heart with an injection of
radiopaque dye for x-ray visualization

Dr. William Welch ● Taught the first lab course in Bellevue Hospital
Medical College (1878)
● First professor in pathology at John Hopkins
university.

Dr. William Osler ● Opened the first clinical laboratory at John

Hopkins Hospital (1896)
● Offered routine exam (urinalysis). Specialized in
malaria parasites in blood.

Who wrote the Manual of Clinical Diagnosis? James Todd

What book described the medical techniques Clinical Diagnosis: A Manual of Laboratory
and procedures of the lab tests available then? Methods - Primary Source Edition

Who wrote clinical diagnosis and management John Bernard Henry

by laboratory methods?

What is the clinical diagnosis and management This is a revised version of todd's book
by laboratory methods about?
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John Kolmer ● He published the “Demand for and Training of
Laboratory Technicians.”
● He also called for the development of a method
that would certify medtechs on a national scale

What institution enacted a law requiring all State legislature of pennsylvania

hospitals and institutions to have a
fully-equipped laboratory fit for routine testing
and to employ a full time laboratory technician?

What was the first institution to offer a degree University of Minnesota

program on medical technology (1928)?

American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP)
● Founded with the objective of encouraging the
cooperation between physicians and clinical
pathologists as well as maintaining the status of
clinical pathologists.
● Established the code of ethics for technicians and
technologists stating that these health
professionals should work under the supervision
of a physician and refrain from making oral or
written diagnosis and advising physicians on how
patients should be treated

What was the name of the first clinical Manila Public Health Laboratory
laboratory in the philippines?

Who preserved what was left in the first clinical Dr. Alfredo Pio De Roda
laboratory?

Who conducted a training program for aspiring Dr. Pio De Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana
laboratory workers?

Philippine Union College ● Adventist University of the philippines

● First to offer a 4-year degree BSMT program
Affiliated with Manila Sanitarium.

Who was the first graduate of the medical Jessi Umali

technology program?

Who offered MT as an elective to BS Pharmacy Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo Reyes
students?

Who offered MT as a course in UST (June 14, Rev. Fr. Lorenzo Rodriguez
1961)?
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What were the first universities that offered ● UST
MT? ● PWU
● UP

● He is known as the “Father of Microbiology” Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek (1660)

● Known for his work on the improvement of
the microscope

He discovered vaccination to establish immunity Edward Jenner (1796)

to smallpox

He identified organs by their types of tissues Marie François Xavier Bichat (1880)

He produced disease in worms by injection of Agostino Bassi (1835)

organic material–beginning of bacteriology

He successfully produced immunity to rabies Louis Pasteur (1857)

He enunciated his law of inherited Gregor Mendel (1866)

characteristics from studies on plants

He demonstrated that surgical infections Joseph Lister (1870)

are caused by airborne organisms

He presented the first pictures of bacilli Robert Koch (1877)

(anthrax), and later tubercle bacilli

He described phagocytes in blood and their role Ellie Metchnikoff (1886)

in fighting infection

He introduced steam sterilization in surgery Ernst von Bergmann (1886)

He distinguished blood groups through the Karl Landsteiner (1902)

development of the ABO blood group system

He developed immunologic tests for syphilis August von Wassermann (1906)

He discovered microorganisms whose range lies Howard Ricketts (1906)

between bacteria and viruses called
rickettsiae

He worked out the structure of hemoglobin Hans Fisher (1929)

He developed poliomyelitis vaccine John Salk (1954)

He introduced the westgard rules for quality James Westgard (1973)

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control in the clinical laboratory

He introduced the Hepatitis B vaccine Baruch Samuel Blumberg (1980)

He developed the Polymerase Chain Reaction Kary Mullis (1985)

(PCR)

He introduced the intracytoplasmic sperm Andre van Steirteghem (1992)

injection (IVF)

He derived the first human Stem Cell line James Thomson (1998)