Distribution

of Active
H
R Volcanoes
C
Earth Science 10

HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
S.Y. 2023 – 2024
 Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Name the different features of a volcano
• Explain how volcanoes are considered active
• Enumerate some active volcanoes in the Philippines
• Describe the distribution of active volcanoes

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Recall

WHAT IS A VOLCANO?

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Recall

What is the term used for molten rock that has erupted
and flowed on the earth's surface?
a) Magma
b) Pyroclastic Flow
c) Lava
d) Tuff

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 What is a volcano?

A break in the Earth’s

crust that allows hot lava,
ash, and gases to escape
from a magma chamber
below the surface.

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Recall

Which type of volcano is characterized by gentle slopes

and predominantly basaltic lava?
a) Stratovolcano
b) Cinder Cone
c) Shield Volcano
d) Lava Dome

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Recall: Based on Volcanic Features

Composite Cones Cinder Cones Shield Cones

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Composite Cones

Composite cones are

tall, cone shaped
volcanoes that
produce explosive
eruptions.

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Cinder Cones
Cinder cones are the
smallest volcanic
landform. They are
formed from
accumulation of many
small fragments of
ejected material.
Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Shield Cones

Shield volcanoes form

very large, gently
sloped volcanoes with
a wide base.

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Recall: Based on Volcanic Features

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
S.Y. 2023 – 2024

Types of Volcanic
Eruptions
Earth Science 10
 Types of Volcanic Eruptions

Phreatic eruption – a type

of eruption driven by the
heat from the magma
interacting with water.
Produces ash but does not
include magma.

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 2020 Taal Volcano Eruption
Taal Volcano in Batangas, Philippines
began to erupt on January 12, 2020,
when a phreatic eruption from its
main crater spewed ashes over
Calabarzon, Metro Manila, and some
parts of Central Luzon and Ilocos
Region, resulting in the suspension of
school classes, work schedules, and
flights in the area.
Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Types of Volcanic Eruptions

Phreatomagmatic
eruption – same with
phreatic eruption but
with inclusion of magma

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Types of Volcanic Eruptions

Strombolian eruption –
characterized by a
magma release in a
firework-like manner

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Types of Volcanic Eruptions

Hawaiian eruption – a
gentle, low-level
eruption of lava
fountains

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Recall

Which of the following volcanoes is famous for its

destruction of Pompeii in A.D. 79?
a) Mount St. Helens
b) Mount Etna
c) Mount Fuji
d) Mount Vesuvius

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Recall
What type of volcanic eruption is characterized by high
viscosity and high volatile content, leading to highly
explosive eruptions?
a) Hawaiian
b) Strombolian
c) Plinian
d) Surtseyan
Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Types of Volcanic Eruptions
Plinian eruptions - extremely
explosive eruptions,
producing ash columns that
extend many tens of miles
into the stratosphere and
that spread out into an
umbrella shape
Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD

The eruption of Mount

Vesuvius in AD 79 destroyed
the Roman cities of Pompeii,
Herculaneum, Oplontis,
Stabiae, and several other
settlements.

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
S.Y. 2023 – 2024

Categories of Volcanoes
Earth Science 10
 Volcanoes can be categorized into

•Inactive volcanoes – also

called as dormant
volcanoes; it does not
have any historical
records of eruption but
look heavily weathered Mt. Makiling is an example of an inactive volcano because
it does not have any recorded eruption in history

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 The 1991 Eruption of Mt. Pinatubo

•Pinatubo is considered to
be inactive for hundreds
of years.
•More than 350 people
died during the eruption.

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 WHAT TYPE OF VOLCANIC
ERUPTION IS THE 1991
ERUPTION OF MT.
PINATUBO?
Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Active Volcanoes

According to PHIVOLCS, a
volcano is considered
active when:
•The volcano has erupted
within historical times. Mt. Mayon is an active volcano located in the Bicol Region.
It nearly erased the town of Cagsawa in the map.

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Active Volcanoes

According to PHIVOLCS, a
volcano is considered
active when:
•There are documentations
of the eruption of the
volcano. Taal Volcano is an active volcano located in Batangas.

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Active Volcanoes

According to PHIVOLCS, a
volcano is considered
active when:
• The volcano has erupted
at least once within
10,000 years Kanlaon Volcano is one of the largest active volcanoes in
the Philippines. It is found in the island of Negros

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 HOW MANY ACTIVE
VOLCANOES IN THE
PHILIPPINES CAN YOU
NAME?
Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 According to PHIVOLCS

The Philippines has more

than 200 volcanoes; 24 of
them are active!

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Volcanic map of the Philippines

Have you noticed a pattern

on the locations of active
volcanoes?

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Volcanic map of the Philippines

Active volcanoes are

located near the
trenches.

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Distribution of Active Volcanoes

Most of the world's

volcanoes are found
around the edges of
tectonic plates, both on
land and in the oceans.

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 The Pacific Ring of Fire
A horseshoe-shaped
region in the Pacific
that has the highest
concentration of active
volcanoes on Earth.
Presence of trenches –
deep points in the
ocean floor
Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 WHY ARE THERE
VOLCANOES FAR FROM
THE PLATE BOUNDARIES?

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Volcanic Hotspots
Volcanoes located far from
plate boundaries are typically
attributed to a geological
occurrence known as "hot
spots," which deviates from
the standard formation of
volcanoes along convergent
or divergent plate boundaries.
Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF
STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 WHY ARE THERE DORMANT
VOLCANOES?

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Tectonic Plate Movement
Dormant volcanoes
associated with hot spots
are primarily a result of the
Earth's tectonic plates
moving over stationary
mantle plumes, leading to
the cessation of volcanic
activity as the magma Diamond Head is a volcanic tuff cone on the

source becomes distant.

Hawaiian island of Oʻahu and known to Hawaiians as Lēʻahi.

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Tectonic Plate Movement

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.
 Any Questions?

Lesson 1: Distribution of Active Volcanoes Earth Science 10 HOLY ROSARY COLLEGE OF

STA. ROSA LAGUNA, INC.