Ken Tuk Revions On 10TH March 2023

UTMOST CONSULTING Job no: 08 sheet no: 1/2 rev: 01
ENGINEERS UTM-PT 14/02/ 2021

v consultation sheet RC SLAB DESIGN
JOB TITTLE: PROPOSED MIXED USE COMMERCIAL BUILDING AT Org. ref. STR/UTM-PT/14/02/2021
MUGUTHA, RUIRU KIAMBU COUNTY: PLOT 1/10246 made by MMM date: 14/11/21 chdFMG
1st, 2nd,3rdand 4th.FLOORS TYPICAL SLABS Signature…………… Signature…………………….
Design of R.C.C Slab
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 25N/mm2
B 1000mm
Cover 25mm
H 150mm
References calculations Output
DESIGN OF SLAB.
PANEL ON GRID
BS 8110: PART 1 Design Data.

1997 Code of practice; BS 8100-1997
Structure type; braced
Table 3.1 Characteristic concrete strength =460 N /mm2
Table 3.2 Characteristic steel strength for links=250 N /mm2
Table 3.3 Exposure condition; mild
Table 3.9 Fire resistance period =1.5 hours
Maximum aggregate size =20mm.
Bearing capacity=415 KN/Sqm
Thickness of partitions =0.15m
Cover to reinforcement=25mm
Max bar diameter=10mm
Material properties.
Material Density kN/m2

BS 648: MATERIAL
Concrete 24
SCHEDULES
1964 Blocks 19.2
Tiles 25
Plaster 20
BS 6399: part 1:
1996: TABLE 2 Sand 15
l y 5150
= =1.12¿ 2 for two-way slab.
l x 4600
Assumptions
f cu=¿25 N /mm2
f y =¿ 460 N /mm2
Exposure condition = mild.
Cover for main reinforcement =25mm D=120mm
Maximum bar diameter =10mm
Modification factor =1.4 H=150mm

consultation sheet RC SLAB DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 25N/mm2
B 1000mm
Cover 25mm
H 150mm
BS 8110: part 1: LOADS

1997 Self -weight of the slab =0.15×24=3.6 kN / M 2
Finishes (solid flat tile in 25mm mortar) = 1.0kN /m2.
Clause.3.5.1 Partitions =1.5 kN /m2 . H=150mm
Imposed load =1.5 kN /M 2 . D=120mm
cl.3.4.6.3
Eqn. 19 & 20
Table 2.1 Design load (U.L.S) =1.4GK +1.6Qk
Table 3.9 = (1.4×6.1 )+(1.6×1.5 ¿
Table 3.14 =10.94 kN /M 2 .
=10.94kN /M 2
Effective depth=span/modification factorx26=4600/1.4x26=126.3mm.
Bar diameter assume =10mm
Assume slab thickness H=150mm
Cover to top & bottom reinforcement=25mm
Effective depth=150-25-10/2=120mm

DIMENSIONS AND SPANS
Pane Support condition ly lx l y /l x One/two-way slab

l
1 Two adjacent edges 5150 4600 1.12 Two-way
discontinuous
discontinuous
discontinuous
discontinuous
5 Cantilevered 3450 1200 2.86 One way

9 cantilevered 3500 1500 2.3 One way

11 Two adjacent sides 4728 3175 1.5 Two-way
discontinuous.
12 Interior panel 3950 3175 1.24 Two-way
13 One short side discontinuous 4720 3900 1.21 Two-way

17 Two adjacent edge 4728 3175 1.5 Two-way
discontinuous.
18 cantilevered 3000 1500 1.94 Two-way
19 cantilevered 3000 1500 1.94 Two-way
20 Adjacent side discontinuous. 6050 3050 1.98 Two-way

24 Three sides discontinuous. 5150 2950 1.75 Two-way


UTMOST Job no: 08 sheet no: 1/2 rev: 01
CONSULTING UTM-PT 14/02/ 2021
ENGINEERS RC SLAB DESIGN
consultation sheet
JOB TITTLE: PROPOSED MIXED USE COMMERCIAL BUILDING Org. ref. STR/UTM-PT/14/02/2021
AT MUGUTHA, RUIRU KIAMBU COUNTY: PLOT 1/10246 made by MMM date: 14/11/21 chdFMG
BENDING MOMENTS COEFFICIENTS
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE (ULS) MOMENTS
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 25N/mm2
B 1000mm
Cover 25mm
H 150mm
References Calculations Output
MOMENTS. K=0.0361
BS 8110: part 1: bending moments coefficients with sin provision
2
1997: TABLE 3.14 β sx =0.0561 ×4.6 × 10.94=12.99 kN / M .
Eqn.14 & 15 β sy =0.042 × 4.62 × 10.94=9.71 kN / M .
2 z=0.095d
β sx =0.045 × 4.6 × 10.94=10.42kN / M .
BS 8110: part 1: β sy =0.034 × 4.62 ×10.94=7.87 kN / M .
1997: CLAUSE: A S=393 m m2
3.4.4.4 Design of Reinforcement
Short way continuous edge
6 Provide T10
BS 8110: part 1: m 12.99 × 10
K= = =0.0361 at
1997: CLAUSE: fcu bd 25 ×1000 ×120
2
200c / c .
3.4.5.11
BS 8110: part 1: No compression reinforcement required.

K =0.027
1997: CLAUSE: z=δ ¿ =0.9581d
3.4.5.11 Take z =0.95d
m 12.89 ×10 6 2
0.95 f yz 0.85× 460 × 0.95 X 120 =260.75mm .
Hence As = =
Z=114mm
Use T10 @ 200 c / c (As provides) =393mm2/m.
cl.3.12.11.2.7
Maximum spacing = 3x120 = 360mm………….ok
2
100 AS 100 x 393 A s=393 mm
table 3.27 = =0.26> 0.13 … … … … . ok
bh 1000 x 150
Provide T10
Short way mid span at
cl.3.4.4.4
200c / c
m 9.7 ×106
K= = =0.027
f cu b d2 25× 1000× 1202
√
Z=d [0.5+ 0.25−
k
0.9
] =d [0.5+√ 0.25−0.027 ¿
=120.3117
Take Ƶ=0.95d
=114 mm
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 25N/mm2
B 1000mm
Cover 25mm
H 150mm
cl.3.4.4.4
M 9.7 ×106 2
Hence A s = = =194.71 mm .
0.95 fyƶ 0.95 ×460 × 114
Use T10 at 200c / c (393 m m2 /m)
Maximum Spacing = 3x120=360mm…….ok
Maximum area of steel
100 AS 100 x 393

= =0.26> 0.13 … … … … . ok
bh 1000 x 150
Short way continuous edge
Table 3.2.5 m 6
10.42× 10
K= 2= =0.029
f cu b d 25× 1000× 1202
√
Z=d [0.5+ 0.25−
k
0.9
] =d [0.5+√ 0.25−0.029¿
=0.97d
Take Ƶ=0.95d
m 10.42×10 6 2
0.95 f yz 0.85× 460 × 0.95 X 120 =209.16 mm .
As = =
Use T10 at 200c /c (393 m m2 / m)
Minimum Steel Area
100 AS 100 x 393

= =0.262>0.13 … … … … . ok
bh 150 x 1000
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 25N/mm2
B 1000mm
Cover 25mm
H 150mm
Long Mid way span

cl.3.4.4.4
m 7.87 × 106
K= 2 = =0.022
f cu b d 25× 1000× 1202
√
Z=d [0.5+ 0.25−
k
0.9
] =d [0.5+√ 0.25−0.022¿
=0.98d
Take Ƶ=0.95d
m 7.87× 106 2
0.95 f yz 0.95× 460 ×114 =157.98 mm .
As = =
Provide T10 at 200c /c (393 m m2 /m)
Table 3.2.5
Maximum spacing =3d = 3x120 = 260mm………….ok
Minimum Steel Area

cl.3.4.4.4
100 AS 100 x 393
= =0.262>0.13 … … … … . ok for minimum steel Area
bh 150 x 1000
Check for deflection
m 12.99 × 106
2= =0.902
bd 1000 x 1202
2 Fy As req 2 x 194.71 x 460

Fs = = =151.94N/mm2
3 x As provided 3 x 393
Modification factor for tension reinforcement

Fs = 0.55+¿ ¿ = 0.55+0.55+¿ ¿ [less than 2]
=2.04 take 2
st nd rd
1 , 2 ,3 and 4th.FLOORS TYPICAL SLABS Signature…………… Signature…………………….
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 25N/mm2
B 1000mm
Cover 25mm
H 150mm
Eqn.7 & 8
allowable span
=26 x 2=52
effective depth
actual span 4600

= =38.33
effective depth 120
Allowable greater than actual

Hence deflection within allowable limits
Table 3.9 Check for shear

Table 3.8 Ly/lx=1.12
Vsx=Bvx Nlx=0.446x10.94x4.6=22.45 knm
Table 3.10
22.45 X 1000
V= = 0.187 N/mm2
1000 X 120
Concrete shear stress
100 AS 1/ 3 400 14 1
Vc = 0.79[ ¿ x[ ¿ x
bd d ym
100 X 393 1/ 3 400 1/ 4 1
= 0.79X [ ¿ x[ ¿ x
120 X 1000 120 1.25
= 0.589 N/mm2
0.589>0.187 N/mm2
Hence no shear reinforcement required for slab less than 200mm thick.ok in shear
Check for cracking
0.13BH/100=0.13X1000X150/100=195sqmm/m
As provided: long span T10@200 mm

Short span T10@ 200mm
Table 3.15 Ok in both directions.
Check spacing of bars
Maximum spacing permitted =3d=3x120=360mm
Spacing provided in long and short directions 200mm
200 mm less than 360mm ……ok

Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu25N/mm2
B 1000mm
Cover 25mm
H 150mm
BS 8110: part 1:
1997: CLAUSE: Design for +m sy
3.4.5.11
9.6 ×106 K =0.0246
K= =0.0246<0.156
1252 × 1000× 25
No compression reinforcement required.

BS 8110: part 1:
√
1997: CLAUSE: k
3.4.5.11 Z=d [0.5+ 0.25+ ¿¿
0.9
Z=d¿ Z=118.75.
Take z=0.95d =118.75mm
9.6 × 106 2
BS 8110: part 1: A s= =184.99 mm A s=184.99 m
0.95× 460 ×118.75
1997: TABLE 3.22
Provide T10 at 200c / c (392 mm2 )
6
11.86× 10
Design m sy = 2
BS 8110: part 1: 25 ×1000 ×125
1997: CLAUSE: K =0.0304
3.4.5.11 Design for 11.86 kNm (+msx ¿
6
11.86 × 10
K= 2
=0.0304<0.156
25× 1000125
BS 8110: part 1: Singly reinforced, no compression reinforcement.

1997: CLAUSE:
3.4.5.11 Find the level arm.
√
Z=d [0.5+ 0.25−
k
0.9
=0.5+ √ 0.25−0.0337
A s=228.5 mm
Z=0.966d, Take z as 0.95d.
Provide T10
BS 8110: part 1: at
6
1997: TABLE 3.22 m 11.86 ×10 2 200c/c
A s= = =228.5 mm
0.95 f y z 0.95 × 460 ×118.75
Provide T10 at 200c /c (392 mm 2 )
Summary
B1,B2,T1 and T2 provide T10 at 200 c /c (392 mm 2 )
st nd rd
1 , 2 ,3 and 4th.FLOORS TYPICAL SLABS Signature…………… Signature…………………….
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu25N/mm2
B 1000mm
Cover 25mm
H 150mm
BS 8110: part 1:
1997: TABLE 3.10 Check for deflection.
2 f y A S Required . 2× 460 ×305.24 Fs =238.8
f s= = =238.8
3 A s provided . 3 ×392
477−f s m.f=1.0
BS 8110: part 1: m.f =0.55+
120−¿ ¿
1997: TABLE 3.10
477−238.8
m.f =0.55+
120 ¿ ¿
BS 8110: part 1: actual span 4600
1997: CLAUSE: ( ratio )= =36.8
effective depth 125
3.4.6.6
allowable span
( ratio )=26 ×2.592=67.39
effective depth
67.39¿ 92.1 hence ok for deflection .

BS 8110: part 1: NO shear
1997: CLAUSE: The slab depth h=150mm< 200mm with fy= 460N/mm2 thus it satisfies the shear reinforcem
3.12.11.2.7 and cracking criteria. ent
NO shear reinforcement
Design summery
Provide T10 @200 mm c/c B1
Provide T10 @200 mm c/c B2
Provide T10 @200 mm c/c T1
Provide T10 @200 mm c/c T2

consultation sheet RC BEAM DESIGN
1st, 2nd,3rdand 4th. floor typical beams Signature…………… Signature……………………
.
BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 450mm
Cover 25mm
660
Effective depth (dmin)

b=200mm
d is control by deflection b=200mm
Initial proportioning
Span
d=
M .f ×B.R
SW of beam=0.2x0.5x24 = 2.4 kN/m.
SW due to rib =0.2x0.35x24 = 1.68kN/m
Dead load = 1.2x4.6 = 5.52kN/m
Finishes load = 1.0x4.6 = 4.6kN/m d = 434mm
Imposed load =5x4.6 =23.1kN/m

BS 6399: part 1: loadings
1964: building
weight schedule.
Ultimate design load (ULS) = 1.4Gk+1.6Qk
=1.4(2.4+1.68+5.22+4.6) +1.6(23.1) = 56.42 kN/m
Uls=83.97kN/
BS 8110: part 1: m
1997: table 2.1

.
BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 450mm
Cover 25mm
36.38kN/m
Relative stiffness
4 EI KAB=1.1594
K AB=
L
KBC=1.1429
KAB =1.1594
KBD=1.1594
KBC = 1.1429
KBE=0.8696
KBD = 1.1594
KDE = 0.8696
Distribution Factor
K AB 1.59 DFBA =
DF BA= = =0.5035
K BA + BCC 2.3019 0.5036
DFAB = 0 DFBC =
DFBA = 0.5036 0.4964
DFBC = 0.4964 DFCB =
DFCB = 0.4964 0.4964
DFCD = 0.5036 DFCD =
DFDC = 0.5715 0.5036
DFDE = 0.4285 DFDC =
DFED = 0 0.5715
DFDE =
0.4285
DFED = 0

1st, 2nd,3rdand 4th. floor typical beams Signature…………… Signature…………………
….
BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 500mm
Cover 25mm
Bs 8110-1-
1997
3240mm
150m
500m
350mm
200
A 3450 D 3500 3450 4600 G

K M
12 12
5150 5150 5150 5150 5150
11 11
A D G K M

….
Bs 8110-1- ALL dimensions in mm

1997 Analysis of beam
Design data
Concrete grade –C30
Steel – 460N/mm2
Fire resistance =1.5 hours
cl.2.4.3.1 Variable action =2.5kN/m2
Finishes = 1.0Kn/m2
cl.3.1.5 Explosure condition – mild
Table 3.4 Slab thickness = 150mm
Blockwall = 12.9kN/m2
Table 3.3
Ceiling and lencis =1.0Kn/M2
Loading
S/W of slab = 0.15x24x1=2.6Kn/M
S/W of beam =0.2x0.35x24=1.68kN/m
cl.2.4.3 Dead load =7.5 Kn/M
Finishes =1.0x4.6=4.6
Partitions = 1.5x2.3 =3.45
Imposed load =5kN/m
Design load =1.4(3.6+1.68+7.5+4.6+3.45)+1.6(8)

=36.38Kn/m
Continuous beam with unequal Spans
36.38kN/m
3450 3500 3450 4600

cl.3.4.4.1
Relative stiffness
4 EI
K AB = = 1.1594
L
K BC = 1.429
K BD =1.1594
K DE = 0.8696
Distribution factors
DF AB = 0
DF BA = 0.5036
DF BC = 0.4964
DF CD = 0.5036
DF DC = 0.5715
DF DE = 0.4285
DF E = 0

….
Moments distribution table
Bs.8110-1-1997
JOINT A B C D E
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC DE ED
DF 0 0.5036 0.4964 0.4964 0.5036 0.5715 0.4285 0
FEM -36.08 +36.08 -37.14 +37.14 -36.08 +36.08 -64.15 +64.15
Balance 0 0.534 0.5262 -0.5262 0.534 +16.04 +12.03 0
CO 0.267 0 -0.2632 0.2632 8.02 0.267 0 6.02

Balance 0 0.1325 0.1307 -4.118 -4.1714 -0.1526 -0.1144 0
CO 0.0663 0 -2.0559 0.0654 -0.0763 -2.086 0 -0.0572
Balance 0 1.0354 1.0205 0.0054 0.0055 1.1921 0.8939 0

CO 0.5177 0 0.0037 0.5103 0.5961 0.0028 0 0.4470
Total MAB = -
35.23kNm
+37.8966
+33.3463
+33.3463
-37.8966
51.3433
51.3433
70.5598
-35.229
MBA =
+37.78kNm
MBC = -
37.78kNm
Support Moments MCB = -
Cl.3.4.4.1 MAB = -35.23kNm 33.78kNm
MBA = +37.78kNm MCD = -
MBC = -37.78kNm 75.62kNm
MCB = -33.78kNm MDC =
MCD = -75.62kNm +51.34kNm
MDC = +51.34kNm MDE =-
MDE =-51.34kNm 51.34kNm
ME = 70.56kNm ME =
70.56kNm

….
BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 500mm
Cover 25mm
Bs8110-1-
1997 Span Bending Moments M AB=54.127 kNm
WL2 3.38 × 3.452 M BC =55.71 kNm
M AB= = =54.127 kNm
8 8
2
WL 36.38× 3.5
2 M CD =54.12
M BC = = =55.71 kNm
8 8
M DE =96.2251 kNm
WL 2 36.38 ×3.452
M CD = = =54.127 kNm
8 8
2 2
WL 36.38 × 4.6
cl.3.4.4.4.1 M DE = = =96.2251 kNm
8 8
SHEAR FORCES
-35.229 37.78 -37.78 51.34 51.34 70.56
33.35 33.35
Reactions
35.221
cl.3.4.5 36.38kn/m 37.78kn/m
∑H = 0; H=0; ƩV = 0
RA + RB1 = (36.38 × 3.45) = 125.51kN RA = 63.5kN
2
3.45 RB1 = 62.02kN
= (-RA × 3.45) + 37.78 – 35.229 + (36.38 × )=0
2
RA =63.5kN
RB1 = 62.02kN

1st, 2nd,3rdand 4th. floor typical beams Signature…………… Signature…………………….
BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 500mm
Cover 25mm
Reactions
37.78kN 36.38kN 33.35kN

BS 8110: part 1:
1997
RB2 = 62.4kN
RB2 + RC1 = (3.5 × 36.38) = 127.33kN RC1 = 64.94kN
3.52
= (-RB2 × 3.5)- (37.78+33.35+(36.38 × ) =0
2
RB2 = 62.4kN
RC1 = 64.94kN
cl.3.4.4.4.1
Reactions
36.38kN
33.35kN 51.34Kn/m
RC2 + RD1 = 3.45x36.38 = 125.51kN

3.452 RC2 =67.97kN
= (-RC2 × 3.45) + (36.36 × ) – 33.35 + 51.34 =0
2
RD1 = 57.54kN
RC2 = 67.97kN
RD1 = 57.54kN
Reactions
51.34kN 36.38kN 167.35kN
RD2 =
RD2 + RE = 4.6x36.38 = 167.35kN 202.02kN
4.6
2
RE = 184.22kN
= (-RE × 4.6) -51.34+70.56+ (36.38 × ) =0
2
RD2 = 87.85Kn RE = 87.85kN
BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 500mm
Cover 25mm
BS 8110-1-1997 Maximum Span Bending Moment
AB= 20.19kNm
35.23Kn/m 37.9Kn/m
36.38Kn/m
RA 63.5
X1= = =1.7455 m
Udl 36.38
2 MBC=
1.7455
B max at X1 = RA X – 35.229 – (36.38× ) 15.74kNm
2
1.74552
B max =63.5 × 1.7455 – 35.229 – (36.38× )
2
= 20.19kNm
Span BC MCD=30.145kN
RB2 = 62.4 kN m
RB 2 62.4
X2= = =1.7152 m
Udl 36.38
2
1.7152
B max at X2 = R B 2 X 2 – 62.4 – (36.38× )
2
1.71522
B max at X2 = 62.4 × 1.7152 – 37.78 – (36.38× )
2
= 15.74kNm
Span CD
RC2 = 67.97kN
RC 2 67.97
X2= = =1.8683 m
You 36.38
1.86832
B max at X3= 67.97 × 1.8683–33.35 – (36.38× )
2
= 30.145kNm

BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 500mm
Cover 25mm
BS 8110-1-1997 Span DE MDE=54.73kN
87.88 m
Xu= =2.4156 m
36.38
2
2.4156
cl.3.4.4.4.1 B max at X4 = 87.85 × 2.4156–51.34 – (36.38× )
2
= 54.73kNm
Span Moments
M AB = 43.32kNm
M BC = 15.74kNm
MCB = 15.74kNm
M DE = 54.73kNm
Critical Moments to be Considered in the Design
Maximum Support Bm = 70.56kNm
Maximum Span Bm = 96.23kNm
Max shear force = 87.85 kN
Moment redistribution
10% of the moment at support E (1-0.10)X70.56 = 63.5Nn/M Cover = 25mm
Redistribute the same in the Span DE = 96.23+7.06 = 103.29
=103.3Kn/M Assume 16mm ∅
Design of hagging moments at RHS Support E d= 459mm
M=63.5kNm
Beam size = 200x500mm
3.4.1.3
Span = 4600mm
3.4.1.5
Cover to reinforcement= 25mm
Assume Tib bars and T8 Links
Effective depth (d)
16
D=500-25-8- =459mm
8

BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 500mm
Cover 25mm
cl. 3.4.4.4 m 63.5 x 106

BS.8110-1-1997 K= = = 0.0502
fcubd 2 30 x 200 x 459 2
0.0502<0.156
Hence no compression reinforcement required
√
Ƶ=d[0.5+ 0.25−¿
k
0.9
¿ = 0.9407d
d= 0.94x459 =431.8mm
m
Asf=
0.95 FyƵ
63.51 x 106
Asf = = 336.52m2
0.95 x 460 x 431.8
TABLE 3.25 Provide 2T16(402mm2/m)

Bs 8110-1-1997
Check for minimum area of reinforcement
100 AS 100 x 402
=
bh 200 x 500
=0.402>0.13
Hence minimum steel requirement satisfied.

.
BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 500mm
Cover 25mm
cl.3.1.6 Check for maximum reinforcement compression and tension reinforcement
should not exceed 4%.
Design for sagging moment between supports m=103.8 kNm

At midspan top of the beam in compression and can be designed as T Beam.
cl.3.4.15 Effective width of flenge (T-beam)

LƵ =0.7x4600 =3220mm
Bw=200X3220=3420mm
Moments of resistance;
M= 0.45 f cuxb w x hf x ¿ )
150
= 0.45x30x3420x150x(459- )
2
321>103.8 kNm
Neutral axis is within the bottom flange.

(stress block inside the slab)
Cl.3.4.4.4
m 103.8 x 106
K= = = 0.0048
f cu bd 2 30 x 3420 x 4592
Beam is singly reinforced beam.

BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 500mm
Cover 25mm
Ƶ=d ¿) = 0.99d
M 103.8 x 106
As = =
0.95 Fyz 0.95 x 460 x 436.05❑
Provide 3T16 (603mm2/m)
Check for minimum area of reinforcement
100 AS 100 x 603

= = 0.603>0.13
Table 3.25 bh 200 x 500
BS 8110-1-1997
Hence minimum steel requirement satisfied
Clause Check for maximum area of reinforcement neither ther area of tension nor
3.12.6 compression reinforcement should exceed 4% of cross-sectional area of
concrete
Check for shear

Cl.3.4.5.2 Maximum shear at R.H.S = 87.85KN
3
V Max = 87.85 x 10 = 0.96 N/mm2
200 x 459
Maximum permissible shear stress is lesses of :-
0.8√ Fcu or 5N/mm2
Cl.3.4.5.2
0.8√ 30 =4.38N/mm2 > 0.96 N/m2 hence maximum shear is ok
Shear force at a distance ‘d’ from the face of support
V d =87.85 –(36.38x0.1) =84.85 KN
84.85 x 103
V= =0.92N/mm2
200 x 459

BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 500mm
Cover 25mm
Cl.3.4.5.4 The area of tension reinforcement at a distance ‘d’ from the face of support is
603mm2/m
100 AS 100 x 603

= = 0.66>0.3
bd 200 x 459
Table 3.8
BS-8110-1-1997 400 400 14
[ ] =[ ¿ = 0.97
d 459
1 1
1
V C =0.79[ 100 AS ¿ 3 x[ 400 ¿ 4 x x¿
bd d δm
1
1 1
1 30 3
¿ ¿ 1.25 x ( 25 ¿
=0.79x(0.92 x (1 x
3 4
Type equation here .
=0.65N/mm2
Table 3.7 Spacing of shear Links

V C +0.4 = 0.65+0.4 = 1.05 N/mm2
V C +0.4 <V d < 0.8√ fcu
Assume T8 links at supports number of shear legs are 2.
2
A sv =2x[ πx 8 ] =101.48
4
Hence maximum possible shear link spacing at the support is:

A sv x F yy 100.48 x 0.95 x 250
SV <= = = 192.45
( V −VC ) bv ( 0.96−0.65 ) x 200
= 423.21mm2/m
Provide T8 0175mm c/c (449mm2/m)

BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 500mm
Cover 25mm
Maximum possible spacing of links =0.75d

Cl.3.4.5.5 =0.75x459 = 344mm
Hence spacing is satisfield
175mm c/c < 344mm ….ok
Check for slenderness limit for lateral stability

cl.3.4.1.6 Clear distance between restratints is 4600m
60bc = 60x200 =12,000mm>4600mm
250 b2 c 250 x 2002

= = 21786mm
d 459
21786 > 4600

Hence slenderness limit for lateral stability is satisfied.
cl.3.4.6
Mid span of section defined as flenged section
b 200
= = 0.0463
bw 3420
For continuous beam
span
Basic [ ¿=20.8
effective depth
span 4600
Actual [ ¿= =10.08
effective depth 459

BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 500mm
Cover 25mm
Table 3.10
span span
Allowable [ ¿=¿Basic [ ¿ F1 xF2
effective depth effective depth
F1 = Modification factor for tensil reinforcement

F2 =Modification factor for compression reinforcement
2 A ref x 1
Fs = fy = Bb = 1
3 A prov B b
2 423.21 1
Fs = x460 x x =289.1 N/mm2
3 449 1
m 103.8 x 16
6
= = 0.1441
bd 2 3420 x 4592
(477−fs)
0.55+(477−289.1)
M=0.55+ m =
120(0.9+ 2 ) 120(0.9+ 0.1441)
bd
Table 3.25 = 1.75 <2
No compression reinforcement is provided
Hence F1 = 1
span span
Allowable [ ¿=¿Basic [ ¿ x F 1xF 2
Cl.13.12.11 effective depth effective depth
span
Allowable [ =10.08 x 1.75=17.64
effective depth
span span
Allowable [ ¿> Actual [ ]
Hence deflection is satisfied
Check cracking
Spacing of reinforcement
Minimum distance between bars is

200−2 ( 25+8 )−3 x 16
= =39mm
3
Minimum distance between bars should not be less tha 5+hag =

5+25mm =30mm
39>30mm ok.

BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 500mm
Cover 25mm
Check for shear

TABLE 3.25
BS 8110-1-1-1997
Check for shear
2
v=0.96 N /mm
Max shear at support =87.85kN
87.85× 103 2
V max = =0.96 N /mm
Clause 3.4.5.2 200 ×459
Maximum permissible shear stress is lesses of 0.8 Vfcu or 5N/mm2
0.8√ 30=4.38 N / mm2 or 5 N /mm2

Hence maximum shear is ok
Column 450x200
cl.3.4.5.2 Shear force at face of the support; v=0.92 N /mm

2
V d = 87.85 – (36.38x0.1) = 84.85 kN
V
v=
bd
84.85× 103 2
v= =0.92 N /mm
200 ×459

Cl 3.4.5.4
The area of tensin reinforcement at a distance d from face of support is
603 N/m2
Table 3.8
100 AS 100 X 603
= =0.66<3
bd 200 X 459
1 1
400 4 = [ 400 4 = 0.97<1
[ ¿ ¿
d 459

BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 500mm
Cover 25mm
DESIGN FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
Hence design concrete shear stress

Vc=0.79 X ¿
Table 3.8
1
1
x ( 30 ¿ 3
1 1
= 0.79x(0.97 ¿ ¿ 3 x (1 ¿ ¿ 4 x 2
1.25 25 vc=0.67 N / mm
= 0.67N/mm2
Spacing of shear links
Table 3.7 (Vc + 0.4) =0.67+0.4= 1.07N/mm2
(Vc + 0.4) <Vd <0.8√ fcu

Assume TP links at supports number of shear legs is 2.
A SV =2 X ¿ ¿] = 100.48mm2
Reinforcements Hence maximum possible shear link spacing at support is

Steel tables table Asv x 0.95 Fyy ¿
3.11. Sv ≤ =100.48 x 0.95 x 250 ¿
( V −Vc ) bv (0.97−0.67) x 200
= 397.73mm2 use T8
@175mm
c/c(449N2/m
Hence provide T8 @ 175 c/c (449N2/m

.
BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 500mm
Cover 25mm
Maximum possible spacing of links is 0.75d
cl.3.4.5.5 0.75X459 = 344 mm hence spacing is ok.
cl.3.4.1.6 Check for slinkness limit for lateral stability

Clear distance between restraints = 4600mm
60bc = 60x200=12,000mm>4600mm
250 bc 2 250 x 2002

= = 21786mm2
d 459
21786>4600mm
Hence slencenesslimit islatered stability is satisfied.
cl.3.4.6
Mid span of section is designed as flanged section

200
= 0.18<0.3
1120
L
4600
bf = bw+ Z = 200+ = 1120mm
5
S
200
= 0.18
Table 3.9 1120
= 0.18<0.3 ok
Continuous beam
span
Basic [ ] = 20.8
effective depth

BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H
500mm
Cover 25mm
cl.3.4.6.4 Span of beam = 4600mm
In this beam, end condition at support E can be regarded as simply

supported and end condition at support 4cm be regarded as continuous
span 20.8+16
Basic [ ]=
effective depth 2
=18.4
Bd = (300X300)
span 4600 Slab = 175m
Actual [ ]= = 10.02
effective depth 459 H = 675
Table 3.1 Cones=20mm
Check deflection Bus = 250mm
m 732 X 10
6
2 = 2
bd 1120 X 628
Fs = 292N/ mm2
0.55+( 477−292)
m= = 1.44 < 2
120(0.1+0.8)
basic span
= 16
Table 3.9 d
allowable span
= 16x1.44 = 23.1
d
basic span
= 16
d
d=100
Ƶ 4600
for T beam = bf = bw+L = 200+ = 1120mm
5 5

BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 500mm
Cover 25mm
Table 3.10 span span
Allowable [ ] =base [ ] YF1xF2
F1= Modification factor for Tensin reinforcement

F2=Modification factor for compression reinforcement
2 Fy x As req 1
Fs= x
3 Apr Bb
Bb = 1
2 393.73 1
Fs= x 460 x x = 268.92N/mm2
3 449 1
m 103.3 x 106
2 = 2 = 0.74
db 459 x 660
477−268.92 208.08
F1 =0.55+ = =<2
120¿ ¿ 328
No compression reinforcement provided hence F1=1

span span
allowable[ ] = basic [ ] x F1XF2
span
allowable[ ] = 10.02
effective depth
= 11.83>10.02
span span
allowable[ ] >Actual [ ]
hence deflection is satisfied

BEAM DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
B 200mm
H 500mm
Cover 25mm
Table 3.25
CHECK FOR CRACKING
Max spacing
bw 200 =4000mm
Area of steel provide = = = 0.2
b 100
cl.3.12.6 bw
Area of steel provide = =0.3
b
0.18 bh 0.18 x 200 x 500

Min = =180 N/mm2
100 100
4
( Bh
100
4 x 200 x 500
Max = = 4000mm2
100
Provided 3T16 = 603mm2/m…..ok

Table 3.8
¿
Spacing of bars = (200−3 x 16−2 x 8−2 x 25 ¿ 3 = 28.7m
28.7 <25 ok
consultation sheet RC COLUMN DESIGN
1st, 2nd,3rdand 4th.COLUMNS Signature…………… Signature…………………….
COLUMNS DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 25mm
H 450mm
B 200mm
DESIGN OF COLUMNS
Design information
Structure type: Braced
End condition: end column connects simultaneously to slab on either side and to
slab at bottom side.
Suggested section: 0.2m*0.45m
Minimum section of slab to be adequate in punching shear.
BS 5328: part 1: Number of storeys: 5storeys
1997: CLAUSE: Load on floors: 13.34KN/m2
4.3.4 Storey height: 3meters
Characteristics strength of reinforcement: 460KN/m 2
Characteristics strength of concrete: 30KN/m 2
Exposure conditions: moderate
Fire resistance period: 1.5Hrs
Maximum aggregate size: 25mm
Design of interior column
3 4 6
F F
4900
2915 3910
J J
3650
L L
L L
3 4 6
Max loaded area =3.42X4.27= 14.62m2

Design of column
End condition of top = 0.75
End condition at bottom =0.8
COLUMNS DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 25mm
H 450mm
B 200mm
C1
1.0gk+1.0qk 1.4gk+1.6qk
KB2 KB1
C2
Design Data
Slab thickness = 150mm
Line load = 5Kn/m
Upper column height =3M
Column size = 200x450mm
Finishes =1.5Kn/m2
cl.6.2.1.1 Beam size =250x500mm
Lower column =1.5m
cl.6.2.1.1 Clear column height =3-0.50 = 2.5m

Effective height of column about major axis =0.8x2.5=2.2m
Effective height of column about minor axis = 0.75x2.5=1.88m
table 3.9
cl.3.8.1.6 Lex 2.5
Slenderness ratio = =5.6
h 0.45
Lex 2.5
= =12.5<15
b 0.2
Short in both directions
Loading
Slab O.L ow = 0.15X24 = 3.6 kN/M 2
Finishes = 1.5 kN/M2
Total = 5.1 kN/M 2
Live load =5.0 kN/m2
COLUMNS DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 25mm
H 450mm
B 200mm
Beam B1 ; O.L own weight = 0.35x0.2x4.9x24 = 8.23KN

8.22
End shear of B1 on C1 is D.L = = 4.21KN
2
Beam B2 on C1 D.L own weight = 0.35x0.2x24=1.6Kn/M
Slab = 5.1x4.9 = 25KN/m

Live load on slab = 5.0x4.9 = 24.5 Kn/m
End shear of B2 on C1 D.L =26.2X3.65 /2 =48.5Kn
Live load =24.5x3.65 /2 = 44.7kN
End shear of B3 on C1 D.L own weight = 0.35x0.2x24 = 1.68Kn.
Slab = 5.1x3.91=19.94 kN/m
Live load on slab = 5.0x3.91 = 19.6Kn/M
End shear of B3 on C1 = DL =21.6X5 /2 = 54.1Kn
Live load on slab = 5.0x2.915=14.6Kn
Total D.L on C1 = 4.2+3.1+3.3+4.9+8.82+6.6+7.1+5.25 = 43.3Kn
Total L.L on C1 = 12.2+9.2+9.8+7.3 = 38.5Kn
4 storey heights D.L = 43.3x5 = 216.5 Kn
Live load = 38.5x5 =192.5Kn.
Factored load 1.4(216.5)+1.6(192.5) =611.1kN
3.0 M
3650 4950
B2 B1
1.5M
Moments about major axis on B1

2 2
wl 36.38 x 4.9
M= 2
= =72.8 kN /m
l 12
2 ❑
wl 36.38 x 3.65
Fixed end moment about = = =40.4 kN /m
l2 12

COLUMNS DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 25mm
H 450mm
B 200mm
Unbalanced fixed end moment = 72.8-40.4 = 32.41Kn/M

Moment of inertia of column section about major and minor axis
3 3 ❑
I cx = 0.20 x 0.43 = 0.0015 I cy = 0.20 x 0.45 = 0.0003
12 12
Stiffness of lower and upper columns about major axis

4 EI 4 Ex 0.0015
K ux = = =0.0060 E
LU 3
EI 4 Ex 0.0003
K Lx= = =0.0004
¿ 3
Stiffness of upper and lower columns about minimum axis

4 Ecy 4 Ex 0.0003
K uy = = =0.0004
¿ 3
4 Ecy 4 x 0.0003
K Ly = = =0.0008
¿ 1.5
Moment of inertia of Beam;B1,B2,B3,B4

3
0.2 X 0.5
= =0.0083 m4
12
Stiffness of B1,B2,B3,B4
4 EX 0.0083
B1 =¿ = 0.0068E
4.9
4 EX 0.0083
B2 =¿ = 0.0085E
3.91
4 EX 0.0083
B3 =¿ = 0.0091E
3.65
4 EX 0.0083
B1 =¿ = 0.0114E
2.915

COLUMNS DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 25mm
H 450mm
B 200mm
Distributed moment on lower column about major axis

M ex K Lx
M Lx =
K ux + K Lx+ 0.8 K b 1+ 0.5 K b 2
72.8 x 0.004 E
=
0.006E+0.004E+0 .5 X 0.0068 EX 0.5 X 0.0091 E
= 16.23Knm
Distributed moment in the lower column about the minor axis

M e K Ly
M Ly =
K uy + K Ly +0.5 K b 3 +0.5 K b 4
32.41 x 0.006 E
=
0.0004+0.0083+ 0.5(0.0085+0.0114)
= 10.43Knm
Factored axial load = 611.1 kN

Moment = 16.23 kNm
Moment = 10.43 kNm
16
h1 = 450-25 - – 8 = 409mm
Table 3.22 2
16
b= 200-25 - – 8 = 159mm
2
N 611.1 x 1000
= = 0.23
f cn b h 30 x 200 x 450
Β = 0.73
1
M x 16.23 my
= =0.04 1 = 0.066
h 409 b
My Mx
> [0.06>0.04]
b 1 h1
1 b1 x 1
M y = My + β m
h1
159
M y = 10.43+0.73x x16.23 = 15.04kNm
409
=15.04kNm

COLUMNS DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 25mm
H 450mm
B 200mm
N 611.1 x 1000
= =6.8
bh 200 x 450
m 15.04 x 106
= = 0.37
bh2 200 x 4502
d 409
= =0.91
h 450
Using chart NO 30
Fcu = 30N/mm2
Fyy = 460N/mm2
d/h = 0.95
Table 3.10
Cl.3.8.4.5
Rectangular columns
Table 3.28 M
= 0.40
bh2
Take 0.4%
Cl.3.12.15 0.4 x 450 x 200

Asc= = 360mm2
Cl.3 100
Provide 4T16(804mm2)
Links
1
Size = x 16 =4mm take ,T 8mm For links.
4
Spacing =12x16 = 192mm
Links T8@200 C/C
=21.16KN/
m

BOUNDARY COLUMN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 25mm
H 450mm
B 200mm
AXIALLY Loaded U
M M
GK=600KN
QK=250KN
Fcu= 30N/mm2
Cover=25mm
H =450mm
B=200mm
Cl.3.8.4.3
Cl.3.8.4.4
Eqn 38. N=0.4FcuAc+0.75FyAsc
Total initiate load (N) =1.4GK+1.6QK=1300Kn
1240x103=0.4 x 30 ( 450 x 200− Asc )+ 0.75 x 460 ASC =18.51KN/
Asc= 449mm2 m
Provide 4T16(804mm2)
Links
16
Q link = =4m provide T8
4
Spacing = 16x12 = 192mm provide @ 200mm c/c
T16
450mm T8@200c/c
200mm

CORNER COLUMN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 25mm
H 450mm
B 200mm
4300mm
12 12
11 11
K M
5.15 4.3
Loaded Area = x = 5.93 m2
2 2
Factored load on floor = 10.94 Kn/M 2
S/W of beam1 = 0.35x0.2x24x2.3 =3.9Kn
S/W of beam2 = 0.35x0.2x24x2.58 =4.3kN
S/W of column = 0.45x0.2x24x2.55 =5.5Kn
Load on floors = 10.94x5.93 = 64.9Kn
Values of N
N1= 64.9Kn
N2= 64.9+5.46+6.02+7.7=84.08kN
N3= 84.08+64.9+5.46+6.02=160.46kN
N4= 160.46+7.7=168.16kN
N5= 168.16+64+9+6.02+5.46=244.54kN
N6= 244.54+7.7=252.24kN
N7= 252.24+64.9+5.46+6.02 = 328.62kN
N8= 328.62+7.7 = 336.32kN
N9= 336.32+64.9+5.46+6.02=412.7kN
N10= 412.7+7.7=420.4kN
N11= 420.4+64.9+6.02+5.46 =496.8kN
N12= 496.8+7.7=504.48kN

CORNER COLUMN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 25mm
H 450mm
B 200mm
Design data
Column length =2.55m
Beam1 = 5.15m
Beam2 = 4.3m
Lower column =1.5m
Upper column = 2.5m
Fcu = 30N/mm2
Fyy = 460N/mm2
Cover = 25mm
H=450mm
B=200mm
Udl = 36.38(from beam analysis)
Bending moment at Ƶ.Ƶ axis

cl.3.2.1.3 200 x 5003
Beam 5.15m K b 1 = =405x105mm3
12 x 5.150
200 x 5003
Beam 4.6m K b 2 = =4.53x105mm3
12 x 4600
3
K 200 x 450
Column 2.5m c 1 = =6.08x105mm3
12 x 2500
200 x 4503
Column 5.15m K c 2 = =10.125x105mm3
12 x 1500
Roof to 4th Floor
0.5kb2
0.5kb1
Kc1

COLUMNS DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 25mm
H 450mm
B 200mm
Fixed end moments
WL2 10.94 X 5.152

M1 = 2 = = 24.2 kNm
L 12
2 2
M 2 = WL2 = 6.1 X 4.6 = 10.8 kNm
L 12
= 24.2 – 10.8 =13.4 kNm
Moment in column
KC
M= FEM X
K c+¿ 0.5 K b 1+ ¿0.5 K b2 ¿ ¿
BS 8110: part 1:
5
1997: CLAUSE: 13.4 x 6.08 x 10
3.8.3.2 Moment upper =
6.08 x 10 + [ 0.5 x 4.05 x 105 ] + 0.5 x 4.53 x 10 5
5
=7.9kNm
10.125
=13.4 x
10.125+ 0.5 ( 4.05 ) +0.5 (4.53)
= 9.4kN
Design reinforcement
16
H=450mmh1 =450-25-8- =409mm
2
1 16
b=200mm b =200-25-8- 2 =159mm
N 12=504.48Kn
mx =7.9kNm
m y =9.4kNm
504.48 x 103
N/bh= = 2.49
450 x 200
m 9.4 x 106
2 = = 0.19
bh 200 x 4502
Β = 0.78

COLUMNS DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 25mm
H 450mm
B 200mm
Mx 7.9 m y 9.4
= =0.02 1 = =0.06
h
1
409 b 159
mx m y
<
h h
1 b1
m y =my +β 1 m x
h
Table 3.28
159
=9.4+0.78x x 7.9 = 12.47kNm
409
Chart No 30
d 409
= = 0.91
Table 3.10 h 450
N 504.48 x 103
= = 5.6
Table 3.28 bh 200 x 4502
m 12.47 x 106
2= = 5.6
bh 200 x 4502
100 Asc
=0.4
bh
0.4 x 200 x 450

Asc = = 360m2 provide 4T16
100
Links
1
x16 = 4mm take 8mmØ
4
Spacing =12x16 = 192mm
Provide T8 @200 c/c Links

DESIGN OF FOUNDATION(AXIAL)
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 25mm
H 450mm
B 200mm
Design information
Soil bearing Capacity = 415Kn/M2
Characteristic strength of concrete = 30N/mm2
Cover = 50mm
Exposure condition = moderate
Column dimensions = 200x450mm
Depth of base = 600mm
Unfactored load = 600kN
Weight of footing = 100kN
Imposed load QK =250kN
Loading
Total dead load GK =600+100 = 700kN
Serviceability load
Design axial load =1.0GK+1.0QK
=1.0(700)+1.0(250) = 950kN
N 950
Plan area of the base = =
bearingCapacity 415
=2.29m2
Provide 1.4x1.65 =2.31>2.29m2
S/W of weight of footing

S/W of footing = area X height X density of concrete
=2.31X0.6X24=33.31<100kN
=33.31<100kN (Assumed)
Bending reinforcement
Total ultimate load(w) =1.4GK+1.6QK
=1.4X700+1.6X250=1380Kn
W 1380
Earth pressure PS = =
Plan areaof base 2.31
=597.4Kn/m2

consultation sheet RC FOUNDATION DESIGN
1st, 2nd,3rdand 4th.FOUNDATION Signature…………… Signature…………………….
DESIGN OF FOUNDATION(AXIAL)
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 50mm
H 600mm
Section 1400mm x 1650mm
BS 8004: part 1:
1986 200
0.6 0.6
597.14Kn/M2
pow
Maximum design moment = (L-a)2
8
In the X- X axis =597.14x1.4(1.65-0.45)2
Table 3.8 = 150.5kNm
pow
Maximum design moment in= (L-b)2 = 597.14x1.65(1.4-0.2)2
8
In the y-y axis =597.14x1.65(1.4-0.2) 2
= 177.4 kNm
Ultimate moment
Base to be cost against blinding; hence cover for reinforcement
=50mm
Assume 16mmØ bars blinding reinforcement in both directors.

Average effective depth d=h-c-Ø = 600-50-16 =534mm
Ultimate moment =m =0.156fcubd2 = 0.156x30x1000x5342
=1334.5kNm
Since Mu>m no compression reinforcement required

6
m 177.4 x 10
Cl.3.11.3.2 K= = =0.021
fcubd 2 30 x 1000 x 53 4 2
Table 3.2
√
Ƶ=d[0.5+ 0.25−
k
0.9
=0.97d
Take d=0.95x534 = 507.3mm
6
177.4 x 10
As= =800.22mm2
0.95 x 460 x 507.3
Provide 16mmØ200 c/c in both directions

8T16 @ 200c/c longitudinal
7T16 @ 200 C/C transverse section
FOUNDATION FOOTING DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 50mm
H 600mm
section 1400mm x 1650mm
Check for shear

Critical section is located at a distance d from the face of the column
1
V x = PoB [ (L-a)-d]
2
1
V x =597.14x1.4x1.4( (1.65-0.45)-0.6)
2
V x = 250.8kN
1
V y = PoL [ (B-b)-d]
2
Vuy =1.5x250.8 = 376.2kN
1
=597.14x1.65( (1.4-0.2)-0.6)
2
=295Kn = Vuy =1.5x295 = 443.4Kn
Cl.3.4.5.4
V ux
Nominal shear stress =
Bd
376.2 x 103
=0.23N/mm2
3000 x 53u
100 AS 100 x 753

= = 0.05N/mm2
bd 3000 x 534
1
1 30 3 1
Vc = 0.79x(0.23) 3 (1)3 x ( ¿¿ x
25 1.25
=0.41N/mm2
V<VC
no shear reinforcement required
BS 8004: part 1: m=156.9kN/

1986 m
COMBINED FOOTING
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 50mm
H 600mm
C2
3 3
200X450
BS 8004: part 1:
1986
200X450
2 2
C2
Design data
C2 x C2 = 200x450mm
Fcu =30N/mm2
Fyy = 460N/mm2
Soil bearing capacity = 415Kn/m2
C1C2 = 703.8Kn inclusive of imposed load
C2C2 =GK= 825KN inclusive of imposed load
703.8KN 825KN
1610
At sensibility limit; PED = 1.0GK+1.0ØK

Total service load on column C1 = 502.3 Kn
Total since load on column CC2 = 589.3KN
1091.9KN
ASSUME 10% Service load S/W =109 KN
1209KN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 50mm
H 600mm
BS 8004: part 1:
1986 12009
Plan area required = = 5.33m2
415
Adopt 2.1x3m Area =6.3>5.33m2
V =0.12 N /mm
P1 P2 502.7kN
L1 L2 L1
Centroid of footing
Moments about P1
(589.3X1.61) – 1209x =0
X=0.7848 = 0.785m
X=0.79m from P1
Projection from lighter column L1
total length of footing 3
L1+0.79 = = =1.5
2 2
L1 =1.5-0.79 =0.71M
L3-3-(0.71+1.5) = 0.79M
Assume 600m depth
=0.65N/
2
mm
1.5m
0.79m 0.71m
At ultimate state
P1 =703.8
P2=825KN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 50mm
H 600mm
Earth pressure intensity = 7038+825 =1528.8KN

1528.8
Earth pressure = = 242.67Kn/m2
2.1 x 3
For a width of 2.1m; q=242.67x2.1
=509.6Kn/M
703.8KN 825KN
0.79M 0.71M
509.6kN/M
2
509.6 X 0.79
Bending moment at P1= = 159.02kNm
2
825 X 0.712
P2= = 292.9kNm
2
Bm max occur at point of zero shear
2 2
509.6 x 509.6 x
Mx = -703.8(x-0.71) = -703.8+108.8
2 2
X=2.935
Max Bm = 258kNm
Shear forces
B1 = 509.6X0.79 =402.6Kn
P2 to right of column P1 = 402.6 -703.8 =-301.22Kn
At left of column P2 =-301.22+(509.6x1.5)
=463.2Kn
Bottom reinforcement
Max Bm =258kNm
D=534mm
K=0.0646
Ƶ =495.66
258 x 106
Ast = = 1300.65mm2
0.95 Fyx 495.66

Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 50mm
H 600mm
Provide T16 @200 c/c

Top reinforcement
Minimum reinforcement at the top (no hogging)
As min =0.013bd =0.0013x1000x534
=694.2mm2(753mm2/m)
Provide T12 @ 150 c/c (753mm2/m)
Transverse reinforcement
M = 139.53 kNm
K=0.349
Ƶ=0.9612 take Ƶ = 0.95x534=507.3mm
139.53 x 10 6
Asf= =629.4mm2
0.95 x 460 x 507.3
Provide T12 @ 150 c/c (753 mm2/m
Vertical shear
437.7 kN 437.7 x 103
Maximum shear = = = 0.39N/mm2
bd 2100 x 534
100 As 100 x 753
= = 0.07N/mm2<3.0
bd 3100 x 534
534
= 0.89< 1.0
600
1 1 1
Vc=0.79x(0.749)3 (1.0) 3 ¿ x
1.25
= 0.61N/mm2
V <Vc
No shear reinforcement required
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 50mm
H 600mm
F 1=Pface Lb=79.98 ×1.15 ×1.65=229.94 kN
F 2=0.5 [ P2−Pface ] Lb=0.5× 35.14 ×1.65

BS 8004: part 1: =43.93Kn
1986
M= F 1 ( L2 )+ F ( 23L )⇒229.94( 1.152 ¿+43.93(2× 1.152 )

2
=182.73kN/m
H=600mm
d= 600-50-16=534mm
H=534mm
M 182.73× 10
6
K= 2 = =0.0183< 0.156
bd f cu 1000× 5342 ×35 d=534mm
No compression reinforcement
Z=d[0.5+
√ 0.25−0.0183 ¿=0.979 d >095 d
0.9
Take Z=0.95d⇒0.95×534
=507.3mm
m 182.73× 106
A s= ⇒
0.87 × f y Z 0.87 × 460× 507.3
=900.1mm2
2
0.13 ×600 ×1000 ¿ 780 mm
A S min =0.13 bh= =780 m m2
100
900.1
Number of bars = =4.47 ≅5 bars
201

Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 50mm
H 600mm
Reinforcement in the short direction
BS 8004: part 1:
1986
N 577.62
ρ= = =84.02 kN
BD 2.5 ×2.75
F=PLD⇒84.02×1.15×2.75=265.71kN
=265.71KN =265.71KN
F
1.15
M= L ⇒265.71× =152.8Kn
2
2
M 152.8× 10
6
K= 2 = =0.054 <0.156
bd f cu 1000× 5342 ×35
No compression reinforcement required

MU>M OK!
Z=d[0.5+
√ 0.25−0.054 ¿=0.979 d> 095 d
0.9
Take Z=0.9406d⇒0.9406×534
=502.3mm
m 152.8× 106
A s= ⇒
0.87 × f y Z 0.87 × 460× 502.3
=760.12mm2
Provide 8T16 @ 200mm c/c (transverse)
Provide 7T16 @ 200mm c/c (longitudinal)

Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 50mm
H 600mm
Direct shear
P1=31.1kN/m
BS 8004: part 1: P2=115.12 kN /m2
1986 l+hc+ d
Pd =ρ1 + ( ρ2− ρ1 )
D
1.15+0.45+ 0.6
Pd =31.1+( 84.02)
2.75
=98.32kN/
=98.32kN/m2
m2
V=[( ρ2− ρd ¿/2 ¿ B( L−d )

98.32+115.12
=[ ¿ 2.5[1.15−0.6 ]
2 =146.74KN
=146.74KN
Shear stress
V 146.74 ×1000
V= = =0.098N/mm2
BD 2500 ×600
Vc=0.8√ f cu⇒4.38N/mm2
V<VC........................ OK!
Adopt 1.65m x1.4mrectangles base for all columns

consultation sheet RC LIFT SHEAR WALL DESIGN
1st, 2nd,3rdand 4th.LIFT SHAFT Signature…………… Signature…………………….
LIFT SHEAR WALL DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover (stem)25mm
Cover (base)50mm
Lift shear wall design

Design data;
Building length=27.6m
Building width=15.15m
Number of storeys= 5
BS 8110: part 1: Floor to floor height =3meters
1997: CLAUSE: Height =15m excluding roof and foundation
6.2.3.4 Wall data
Length=2200mm
Width =1100mm
Wall thickness,D,=200mm
Height= 15m
Minimum overhang of base from wall face(assumed)=500mm
Material specifications
Material specifications
Grade of concrete= M25
Grade of steel= 460N/mm2
y concrete =24 kN /m m2
2
y steel =78.5 kN /mm
2
y soil =18 kN /m m
Bearing capacity of subsoil=200Kn/m2
Safety factor for dead load=1.40
Safety factor for live load=1.60
Loading
Carrying capacity S/W of lift
Carrying capacity of lift= 100Kn
Wind load condition
Basic wind speed =65.840m/s
s1=1.0
s2=0.97
s3=1.0
V s =63.86m/s
L= 2.5Kn/m2
BS 8110: part 1: Calculation of operating load
1997: CLAUSE: Gravity load
6.2.3.4 Depth of wall below GFL= 1.5m
Depth of base= 400mm

Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover (stem)25mm
Cover (base)50mm

BS 8110: part 1:
1997: CLAUSE: Weight of wall(neglecting opening)=940.80KN
2.4.1.1 Weight of wall plus lift car plus assumed=1024.88KN
M of wall weight assumed=1034.88KN
Loading from slab= 1137.93KN
Operating load =2282.81KN
Wind load
Wind load =cf.q. Ae=¿=250.03 KN ¿
Wind moment=143.64Kn
Seismic load
Shear at base due to wind=250.03Kn
Gravity load from roof[=275.00KN
Gravity load from slab=275KN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover (stem)25mm
Cover (base)50mm

BS 8110: part 1:
1997
H(m) V(KN) M(KN) N(KN)
15.00 90.01 324 275
12.0 270.03 550.0
9.0 450.05 825.0
6.0 630.06 1100.0
3.0 810.08 1375.0
0.0 990.10 1650.0
Area of shell wall=1.6m2
Perimeter of shell wall=4.10m2
Check for bearing pressure
DL
Area of raft, A = = 7.61m2
Po
Minimum length of base =2800mm
Minimum width of base =2800mm
Area of lift core base founded= 7.84m2
Service gravity dead loads= 1120.14KN
Service gravity live loads= 100KN
Gravity factored loads=3378.2KN =823.95KN
=823.95KN
Design moments
For the purpose of analysis of lift base slab, its assumed to be supported 0n
fiction at the other periphery and loaded with;
Ultimate uniform pressure, F= 430.89KN/m2
Aspect ratio =1
Moment span supports

M sx 35.51 43.28
M sy 33.51 44.67

Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover (stem)25mm
Cover (base)50mm
Maximum moment for design

Support moment at cantilevered edge m c =53.86
Span moment of base m1=33.51KN m 1=33.51KN
Check for effective depth
Required effective depth from;
Flexure, d= 117.5mm d= 117.5mm
Provided effective depth dp= 340mm
Reinforcement calculation
Main reinforcement
M 2
K= 2
=0.012 N /mm
bd f cu
Lever arm Z=323mm Z=323mm
Area of steel required= 257mm2
Provide T12mm
Spacing of reinforcement required= 425mm
BS 8110: part 1: Spacing reinforcement
1997: 3.9.3.8 Z=334mm Z=334mm
Area of steel required=413mm2
Min area of steel= 520mm2/m width
Provided steel bar diameter= 12mm
Spacing of reinforcement required= 200mm
Longitudinal direction and Transvers direction stem

Provide 12mm bars 𝞍200c/c B1
BS 8110: part 1: Provide 12mm bars 𝞍200c/c B2
1997.table 3.25
Base reinforcements
Provide 12mm bars 𝞍200c/c T 1
Provide 12mm bars 𝞍200c/c 21

Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover (stem)25mm
Cover (base)50mm

BS 8110: part 2: Check for shear
1997:clause
3.9.3.8.2 Footing acts as a wide beam therefore critical section for shear is at a distance
equal yo the effective depth= 340mm from face of tank shell or 160mm from
edge footing.
Max shear per meter length= 68.94KN
Applied shear stress, V =0.203N/mm2
Check allowable shear stress vc

100 A sc
=0.166 VC=3.043N/mm2
bd =3.043N/
mm2
Section ok for shear!
Deflection and cracking;
no need to check for deflection in foundations
Cracks; no need to provide side reinforcement

consultation sheet COMBINE FOOTING
COMBINED FOOTING DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 50mm
H 600mm
Plan dimension 2100mm x 3000mm
Combined footing
Columns CC 1=450 ×200 mm
CC 2=450 ×200 mm
2
f cu=35 N /m m
2
f y =460 N /mm
Soil bearing capacity=200KN/mm2
CC 1 GK 1 =703.8 KN including imposed load
CC 2 G k 2=825 KN inc imposed load =1200.9KN
At serviceability limit Ped =1.9 K +1.0 K
Total service load of column CC 1=502.7 KN
Total service load of column CC 2=589.3 KN
Total load on both columns=502.7+589.3= 1091.9
BS 8110: part 2:
Assume 10% service load self weight =109KN
1997 =1200.9KN
1200.9
Plan area required= =6.0049
200
Adopt 2.1m× 3 m area=6.3 2> 6 OK
Centroid of footing; moment about P1

(589.3×1.5 ¿−1200.9 x =0.7366
X=0.7366
X=0.74m from P1
Projection from lighter column L1
total length of footing 3
L1 +0.74= = =1.5
2 2
∴ L1 =1.5−0.74=0.7634 m≅ 0.76
L3=3−( 0.76+1.5 )=0.74
Assume 600mm depth

consultation sheet RC COMBINED FOOTING DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 50mm
H 600mm
BS 8110: part 2:
1997
At ultimate state;
P1=703.8kN
P2=825 kN
Total ultimate= 703.8+825=1528.8kN
Earth pressure intensity at ultimate state=703.8+825=1528.8
1528.8 2
Earth pressure = =242.67 kN /m
2.1× 3
For a width of 2.1m, q=242.67×2.1=509.6 kN /m
X=2.935
2
509.6× 0.74
Bending moment at P1= =139.53
2
2
P2= 825 ×0.76 =238.3
2 Provide
Maximum bending moment occurs at the point of zero shear 15T16@
509.6 x 2 200 c/c
M x= −703.8 ( x−0.74 )
2
509.6 2
( ¿ x −703.8 x+1528.8
2
X=2.935
Max bending moment= 254.8×2.935−( 703.8 ×2.935 ) +1528.8
=258Kn/m
Shear forces
P1=509.6 × 0.74=377.10
P2 ; ¿the ¿ 0 f column P1=377.10−703.8=−326.7 kN
At left of column P2=¿ -326.7+(509.6×1.5)=437.7kN
To the right of column P2=437.7−825=−387.3

consultation sheet RC COMBINED FOOTING DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 50mm
H 600mm
Bottom reinforcement
Max BM=258Kn
D=534mm
K=0.0646
Z=0.9282×534=495.66
6
258 ×10
A st = =1300.65 mm 2
0.87 f y × 495.66
Provide 15T16@ 200 c/c
Top reinforcement
Minimum reinforcement at the top(no hogging moment)
A s min=0.0013bd⇒0.0013×100×534 =694.2mm2
=694.2mm2
Provide T12𝞍@150 c/c( A s=753 mm 2)

Transverse reinforcement
M=139.53KN/m
K=0,0349
2
BS 4466: 1997 Z=0.9612 take Z=0.95×534=507.3 mm ¿ 687.26 m m
139.53× 106 2
A st = =687.26 mm
0.87 × 460× 507.3
Provide T12
Provide T12 @150 c/c(753mm ) 2 @150
Vertical shear shear critical then punching shear c/c(753N/m
Vertical shear m2)
437.7 kN 437.7 ×103
Maximum shear= = =0.39 N /m2
bd 2100 ×534
100 A s 100× 753 2
= =0.705 N /m m <3
bd 200× 534 No shear
reinforceme
534 nts required.
=0.89<1.0
600
35
1 1
25 =0.39N/mm2
V c =0.79 × 0.164 3 ×1 3 ×
1.25
V<VC
No shear reinforcements required.

consultation sheet RC CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL DESIGN
1st, 2nd,3rdand 4th.CANTILIVER RETAINING WALL Signature…………… Signature…………………….
CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 50mm
H 400mm
DESIGN OF A CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL

Fill granules material unit weight= 19kN/m2
Internal angle of friction= 30°
Allowable soil bearing pressure= 200kN/m2
Coefficient of friction= 0.4
Unit of reinforced concrete= 24kN/m2
1−sin θ
Ks=
1+ sinθ
1−0.5 1
=
1+0.5 3
Active earth pressure;
ρa =K a ρh
1 2
¿ 34.2 kN /m2
×19 ×5.4=34.2 kN /m
3
Sliding
Acting in the length of the wall; horizontal force on wall due to backfill
BS 8110: part 2: F AV =F A =0.5 ρa h⇒0.5×34.2 ×5.4=92.34 kN
1997 Weight of wall,W w =0.4 ×5 × 24=48 kN
Weight of base, W b =0.4 ×5.4 ×24=38.4 KN
Weight of soil, W s=2.9×5 × 19=275.5 KN
Total vertical force, W t =¿ 361.9KN
Friction force, F fr =F t =uwt ⇒ 0.4 ×361.9
=144.76KN
Assume passive pressure force( F p ¿=0

Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 50mm
H 400mm
144.76
Hence factor of safety against sliding= =1.56>1.5 ok
92.34
Overturning
Taking moments about point A, sum of overturning moments

F a × 5.4 92.34 × 5.4 166.2 KN
BS 8110: part 2: M ¿= = =
3 3 m
1997 M
Sum of resisting moments( res =W w ×0.9+W b × 2+W s ×2.55
=48× 0.9+ 38.4 ×2+275.5 ×2.55
=822.5kN/m
822.5
Factor of safety against overturning = =4.9> 2.0OK
166.2
Ground bearing pressure

moment about centerline of base(M) is
F a ×5.4
M= +W w ×1.1-W s × 0.55
3
N=361.9KN
92.34 ×5.4
= +48×1.1−275.5× 0.55
3
=67.5KN
N=361.9KN
M 67.5 D 4
= =0.187< ⇒ =0.667
N 361.9 6 6
∴ Maximum ground pressure occursat thetoe , ρtoe which is given by

M=79.17KN
361.9 6× 67.5 2 /m width
ρtoe = + =116 KN / m
BS 8110: part 2: 4 4 2
1997
116KN/m2<allowable, 200KN/m2 Provide
Ground bearing pressure at heel T12@200mm
361.9 6 × 67.5 c/c (stem)
ρheel = − =65KN/m2
4 42 longitudinal
Bending reinforcement
Wall Provide
Height of stem wall, h s=5 m T12@200mm
Horizontal force on stem due to backfill c/c (stem)
2
F s=0.5 K a ρ hs transverse
1 2
=0.5× × 19× 5
3
=79.17KN/m width
K=0.0179
Z=355mm
As =510.3mm2
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 50mm
H 400mm
Design moment at base of wall M is

Y T F s h s 1.4 ×79.17 ×5 184.7 KN
M= ⇒ =
3 3 m
Effective depth
Assume 𝞍 of main steel =20mm
ϕ
Effective depth, d=400—cover − ⇒400-35-10=355mm mu=688KN/
2
BS 8110: part1 : Ultimate moment of resistance m
1997:CLAUSE 3.4.5 2
M u=0.156 f cu b d ⇒0.156×35 × 355 2
=688KN/m
M
Since u > M no compression reinforcement is required
Steel area
6
M 184.7 ×10
K= 2
= 3 2 =0.0419
bd f cu 35× 10 × 355
M=184.7kNm
BS 8110: part1 : m
√
Z=d[0.5+ 0.25−
k
0.9
184.7 ×10
¿ ¿=337mm
6 Provide
1997:CLAUSE 3.4.5 A s= = =1260 m m2 /m T12@200mm
0.87 f y Ƶ 0.87 × 460 ×337
c/c (stem)
2 longitudinal
Provide T20( A s , 1570 mm /m) in outer face of wall
Steel also B required in front face(FF) in order to prevent excessive area based Provide
on minimum steel area T12@200mm
0.13× 1000 ×400 520 m m2 c/c (stem)
i.e 0.13%bh⇒ =
100 m transverse
hence provide T12 @ 200m c/c (As=566mm2)
BASE
HEEL
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 50mm
H 400mm

275×1.4=385.7 kN
2
ρ2=1.4 ×65=91 KN / m
ρ1=1.4 ×116=162.4 KN /m2
2.9 (162.4−91) 2
ρ 3=91+ =142.8 KN /m
4
Design moment, M C 1 , at point C1 is;
385.7× 2.9 7.9 ×38.4 × 1.4 ×1.45 91 ×2.92 51.8× 2.9× 2.9
+ − −
2 4 2 2× 3
=160.5KN/m
Assume 𝞍 of main bar = 20mm
Cover =50mm
BS 8110: part1 : Effective,d,= 400-50-20/2=340mm
6
1997:CLAUSE 3.4.5 M 160.5 ×10
K= 2 = =0.0397
bd f cu 35× 103 × 3402
√
Z=340[0.5+ 0.25−
0.0392
0.9
¿ ¿ <0.95d
2
d =0.95×340=323 1142 mm / m
6
m 160.5 ×10 2
A s= = =1142 mm /m
0.87 f y Ƶ 0.87 × 460 ×325
summery
wall
Provide T12@200mm c/c (stem) transverse
Provide T12@200mm c/c (stem) longitudinal
Base
Provide T20 @2 00mm B1 longitudinal
Provide T12@200mm c/c B2 transverse
Provide T12 @2 00mm T1 (top)
Provide T12@200mm c/c T2 (top)

consultation sheet RC STAIRCASE DESIGN
1st, 2nd,3rdand 4th.STAIRECASE Signature…………… Signature…………………….
STAIRCASE DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 25mm
waist 175mm
DAESIGN STAIRCASE
TYPE OF STAIR: Rcc open well
Support condition: Monolithically constructed
Characteristic strength of concrete:30 n/mm
Characteristic strength of steel:460 N/mm 2
Exposure condition: moderate
Fire resistance:1.5 hours
Dimension of stairs: Riser=150mm
Tread=300 mm
Waist=175mm
Effective span
Flight AD=3600mm
AB=4300mm
Simply supported span: assume 1/20---1/25
1/25x4300=144mm
Thickness of waist=175mm
Tread=300mm
LOADS
s/w waist slab=0.23x1x24=5.52kn/mm2
√
2 2
S/w of waist slab on plan=5.52 0.15 + 0.3 =6.17kn/m2
0.3
Weight of steps=wt of 1 step/tread=0.5x0.15x0.3x1x24/0.3=1.8KN/ M 2

STAIRCASE DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 25mm
waist 175mm
Weight of finishes=[0.3+0.15]1+0.1875/0.3=0.3KN/ M 2
Assume finishes=0.1875kn/m2
Total load=6.172+0.13+1.8=8.3kn/m 2
Consider 1m wide strips of flight
Load=8.3x1=8.3kn/m
Live load=3kn/m2
Factored load=1.4[1.4x8.3]+1.6[3]=16.4kn/m 2 =16.4kn/m 2
Flight A-D
RA=27.82KN
RB=21KN
Max Bm=27.82+16.4x x=1.69m
Max Bm=[27.82x1.69]-[0.5x16.4x1.69x1.69]=23.42KNm
Flight A-B
Max MB will be at the centre.
RB=RA=[8.3X1.4]+16.4X0.75]=23.92KNm
Max Bm=23.92x2.15=51.43KNm D=142.5mm
MB 50% will be on each side
: .Bm max=23.92x2.15-[8.3x1.4]x[0.7+0.75]+[16.4x0.75x0.75]/2=39.54KNm
Take D=175mm
K=39.25x106 /1000x30x1502 =0.0015
Z=0.9984 d
Take d=o.95x150=142.5mm

STAIRCASE DESIGN
Fy 460N/mm2
Fcu 30N/mm2
Cover 25mm
waist 175mm

BS 8110: part 1 :
1997: Table 3.19 Ast=39.54x106 /0.95x460x142.5=634.5mm2
Table 22 Main steel Main steel
Provide 12mm Ø @ 150mm c/c Provide
As min=0.13bh/100=227m m2 12mm Ø @
Provide 12mm Ø @150c/c [754mm2] 150mm c/c
Transverse reinforcement: 8 mm Ø @150 c/c{335mm2]
Check deflection
[l/d] actual < [l/d] min
Transverse
[l/d] actual=4300/150=28,7mm
reinforceme
nt: T8 Ø
@150
[l/d]limit=[l/d]basic x mft
c/c{335mm2
[l/d]=basic=20 simply supported span ]
Mf=0.55+[477-FS]/120 X[0.9+M/bd 2]
FS=2/3Fy[As required/As provided=0.156x460=258.25
M/bd 2=39.54x106 /1000x142.5x142.5=1.95
M.F=0.5+[477-258.25]/120X[0.9+1.95]=2.28 use 2
[l/d] limit=20x2=40mm
Satisfactory for deflection
Check for shear

V=v/bd V=27.82KN
v/bd=27.82x1000/1000x150=0.186n/mm 2 v c=0.6913 N /
0.79 Satisfactory
vc= ¿
1.25 in shear
stairs satisfactory in shear [V=0.691N/mm 2] ≤[4.38N/mm2

consultation sheet TIMBER ROOF DESIGN
TIMBER ROOF DESIGN Signature…………… Signature…………………….
TIMBER ROOF DESIGN

ROOF DESIGN: TRUSS T1

TIMBER ROOF DESIGN
Roofing material: Decra - box profile roofing sheets
Truss spacing = 1550 mm c/c
Rafter Spacing = 770 mm c/c
Timber Grade SC3

DESIGN PARAMETERS
Effective span = 10112 mm

Timber Design Data
Timber Grade SC3
Bending (Mpa) 5.3
Tension (Mpa) 3.2
Compression (Mpa) 2.2
E – Modulus (Mpa) 8800
Modification Factors
K2 Bending 0.8
K2 Compression 0.6
TIMBER ROOF DESIGN
Timber Grade SC3

RAFTER DESIGN
Loads on Rafter from purlin; Load carried
by rafters =
BS 6399-1 Dead load = 0.63 kN/m2 1.075 kN/m
Live Load = 0.25 kN/m2
Self-weight of rafters =0.075 KN/m2
Total Dead Load = 0.63 + 0.075 =0.705 KN/m2
Total Live Load = 0.25 kN/m2
Design Load = (1.4 x 0.705) + (1.6 x 0.25) =1.387 kN/m 2
Load transferred from purlins = (1.387 x 0.775) = 1.075 kN/m
Length of rafter = 1392 mm
Moment =wl2/8 = (1.075 x 1.3922)/8 = 0.26 kN. m
ZXX= Rafter Section Modulus
ƍm. gpar=Grade Bending Stress Parallel to Grain =5.3 N/mm2

BS 5268 - 2000
Table 15 k3 = Load duration modification factor
BS 5268 - 2000 k7 = Depth modification factor

Table 20
Consider timber section size100 X 50 mm
I = bd3/12 = (50 x 1003)/12 = 4166666.667 mm4
h = 100 mm300mm > h > 72mm
k7= (300/h)0.11 = (300/100) 0.11 = 1.13
k3, consider long term load duration =1.00
A load sharing system does not exist since the rafters are spaced at 775 mm c/c
whichis greater than 610mm. Thus k8 =1.00
TIMBER ROOF DESIGN
BS 5268 ƍm. gpar. k3.k7.k8= 5.3 x 1 x 1.13 x 1 = 5.989 N/mm 2
ZXX required =
43412.924
Table 17 mm3
ZXX Provided =
ZXX required = (0.26 x 106)/ 5.989 = 43412.924 mm3 83333.333
mm3
ZXX Provided = bh2/6 = (50 x 1002)/6 = 83333.333 mm3
ZXX required<ZXX
ZXX required< ZXX Provided Provided
Adopt 100 x 50 mm timber section size for rafters Timber

section is
adequate
Lateral Buckling Check
B=50 mm d= 100 mm
d/b = 100/50 = 2 <5

okay in
lateral
DEFLECTION CHECK stability
Allowable deflection= 0.003L = 0.003 x 1392 = 4.176 mm

Allowable
The deflection due to shear δvis likely to be insignificant in comparison to the deflection =
bending deflection δband may be ignored in order to make a first estimate of the 4.176 mm
total deflection δt
δt (ignoring shear deflection)= 5WL4/384EI
W = 1.075 kN/m
E = 8800
Applied
L = 1.392 m deflection =
1.433 mm
I = 4166666.667 mm4
Applied deflection = (5 x 1.075x 13924)/ (384 x 8800 x 4166666.667) = 1.433

Ok in
mm
deflection
Applied deflection < Allowable deflection
TIMBER ROOF DESIGN
Timber Grade SC3

SHEAR CHECK Applied
shear stress
Maximum shear force, FV = W/2= (1.075 x 1.392)/2 = 0.7482 kN = 0.22446
N/mm2
Applied shear stress = 3FV/2A = (3 x 0.7482 x 103)/2(100 x 50) = 0.22446
N/mm2
Grade shear stress, g =0.5 N/mm2 Permissible

shear stress
Permissible shear stress, adm = g.k3 =0.5 N/mm 2 = 0.5 N/mm2
Applied shear stress< Permissible shear stress

Ok in Shear
BEARING
σc,a,┴ =
End reaction F = W/2 = (1.075 x 1.392)/2 = 0.7482 kN 0.149
N/mm2
Applied bearing stress, σc,a,┴ = F/(blb) = (0.7482 x1000) / (100x50) = 0.149
N/mm2 σc,adm,┴=
2.2 N/mm2
Permissible bearing stress, σc,adm,┴ = σc,g,┴ K3 = 2.2 x 1.0 = 2.2 N/mm 2
Applied bearing stress < permissible bearing stress
Ok in Bearing
TIMBER ROOF DESIGN
Timber Grade SC3

PURLIN DESIGN
Purlins carriesroofing material and fittings loads and are supported on trusses
spaced at 1550 mm c/c with a spacing of 600 mm c/c.
Loads
Roof sheets loading =0.6 kN/m2
Allowance for self-weight of the purlins =0.03 kN/m2
Total dead load = (0.6 + 0.03) = 0.63 kN/m2
Imposed load = 0.25 kN/m2
Design Load = (1.4 x 0.63) + (1.6 x 0.25) =1.282 kN/m 2
Load transferred to purlins from roofing material and fittings = (1.282 x 0.6) =
0.7692 kN/m
Maximum moment on the purlin = (0.7692 x 1.552)/8= 0.231kN.m
ZXX= Rafter Section Modulus
ƍm. gpar=Grade Bending Stress Parallel to Grain =5.3 N/mm2
k3 = Load duration modification factor
k7 = Depth modification factor
Consider timber section size100 X 50 mm
I = bd3/12 = (50 x 1003)/12 = 4166666.667 mm4
h = 100 mm300mm > h > 72mm

BS 5268 - 2000
k7= (300/h)0.11 = (300/100) 0.11 = 1.128
Table 15
k3, consider long term load duration =1.00
BS 5268 - 2000
A load sharing systemexist since the purlins are spaced at 600 mm c/c whichis
Table 20 less than 610mm. Thus k8 =1.1
TIMBER ROOF DESIGN
Timber Grade SC3

BS 5268 - 2000 ƍm. gpar. k3.k7.k8= 5.3 x 1 x 1.128 x 1.1 = 6. 576 N/mm 2 ZXX required =
35127.7372
Table 17 mm3
ZXX Provided =
ZXX required = (0.231 x 106)/6.576=35127.7372 mm3 83333.333
mm3
ZXX Provided = bh2/6 = (50 x 1002)/6 = 83333.333 mm3
ZXX required< ZXX Provided Member size

100 x 50 mm
Adopt 100 x 50 mm timber section size for purlins is adequate
Lateral Buckling Check
B=50 mm d= 100 mm okay in

lateral
d/b = 100/50 = 2 <5 stability
DEFLECTION CHECK
Allowable deflection = 0.003L = 0.003 x 1.55 = 4.65 mm
The deflection due to shear δvis likely to be insignificant in comparison to the

bending deflection δband may be ignored in order to make a first estimate of the Allowable
total deflection δt deflection =
δt (ignoring shear deflection) = PL3/48EI 4.65 mm
P = 1.219 k N
Applied
E = 8800 deflection =
2.579 mm
L = 1.55 m
I = 4166666.667 mm4
Applied deflection = (1219 x 15503)/ (48 x 8800 x 4166666.667) = 2.579 mm

Ok in
Applied deflection < Allowable deflection deflection
TIMBER ROOF DESIGN
Timber Grade SC3

SHEAR CHECK Applied
Maximum shear force, FV = P/2= 1.219/2 = 0.6095 k N shear stress
= 0.189
Applied shear stress = 3FV/2A = (3 x 0.6095 x 103)/ (2(100 x 50)) = 0.189 N/mm2
N/mm2
Grade shear stress, g =0.5 N/mm2 Permissible

shear stress
K3 = 1.00 = 0.5 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress, adm = g.k3 =0.5 N/mm 2
Applied shear stress< Permissible shear stress

Ok in Shear
BEARING
End reaction F = P/2= 1.219/2 = 0.6095 kN σc,a,┴ =

0.122
Applied bearing stress, σc,a,┴= F/(blb) = (0.6095 x 1000) / (100x50) = 0.122 N/mm2
N/mm2
Permissible bearing stress, σc,adm,┴ = σc,g,┴ K3 = 2.2 x 1.0 = 2.2 N/mm2 σc,adm,┴ =
2.2 N/mm2
Applied bearing stress < permissible
Ok in Bearing

TIMBER ROOF DESIGN
Timber Grade SC3

TRUSS DESIGN DATA
Member Force (kN) Length (m)
1-2 1.48 1.557
2-3 1.53 1.231
3- 4 1.26 1.392
4-5 1.01 1.392
5-6 1.01 1.392
6-7 1.25 1.392
7-8 1.34 1.392
8-9 1.38 1.392
9-10 -0.1 1.444
10-11 -0.08 1.444
11-12 0.1 1.444
12-13 0.3 1.448
13-14 0.1 1.444
14-15 -0.1 1.444
1-15 -0.22 1.444
5-13 -0.32 2.441
4-3 0.32 1.830
4-14 -0.26 1.968
3-14 0.22 1.220
3-15 -0.22 1.592
2-15 0.27 0.583
5-12 -0.32 2.441
6-12 0.32 1.830
6-11 -0.25 1.968
7-11 0.22 1.220
7-10 -0.03 1.592
8-10 0.1 0.610
Deflection Node 2 (x-axis) 0.1 mm

Deflection Node 14 (y- axis) -0.45 mm
Reaction (Nodes 1 and 9) 0.8 kN

TIMBER ROOF DESIGN
Timber Grade SC3

Based on analysis Data,
Reaction= 0.8 kN
Max compression on Top Chord = 1.53 kN
Max tension on Bottom Chord = 0.3 kN
Max compression and tension onInternal Members =0.32 kN
TOP CHORD DESIGN

Member 2 – 3 of length 1.231 m
Permissible compressive stress = ƍc. gpar. k3.k12
Where;
ƍc.gpar = grade compressive stress parallel to grain =2.9 N/mm 2
BS 5268 - 2000
Table 15 k3 = load duration modification factor.
k12 =compression modification factor.

BS 5268 - 2000
Table 20 Consider 100 x 50 cypress timber section.
b =50mmd =100mm
effective length, le = 1.0L =1231 mm
CHECK THE SLENDERNESS Ok in

slenderness
Slenderness ratio =le/b = 1231/50 = 24.62 < 50 ratio
Ratio of modulus of Elasticity to compression stress =
Emin = 4000
ƍc.gpar =2.9 N/mm2
k3=1.0
Ratio of modulus of Elasticity to compression stress = 8800/ (2.9 x 1) =

3034.483

TIMBER ROOF DESIGN
Timber Grade SC3

BS 5268 -2000 k12 = 0.247
Table 22 Permissible
Permissible compressive stress = ƍc. gpar. k3.k12 =0.7163 N/mm 2 compressive
stress =
Applied stress = applied load / Area of section= (1.53 x 103)/ (50 x 100) = 0.7163N/m
0.306 N/mm2 m2
Applied compressive stress < Permissible compressive stress Applied

compressive
Adopt 100 x 50 mm timber section size for top chord stress =
0.306
N/mm2
Member size
is adequate
BOTTOM CHORD DESIGN
Consider 150 x 50 cypress timber section.
Permissible tensile stress = ƍt. gpar. k3.k7
Where;
Permissible
2 tensile stress
ƍt.gpar = 2.9 N/mm
= 3.3.129
N/mm2
k3 = 1.00
k7 = (300/h)0.11 = (300/150) 0.11 = 1.079

Applied
Permissible tensile stress = ƍt. gpar. k3.k7 = 3.129 N/mm 2 tensile stress
= 0.04
Applied tensile stress = applied load / Area of section = (0.3 x 10 3)/ (50 x N/mm2
150) = 0.04 N/mm2
Applied tensile stress < Permissible stress

Member size
Adopt 150 x 50 mm timber section size for bottom chord is adequate

TIMBER ROOF DESIGN
Timber Grade SC3

INTERNAL MEMBERS DESIGN
CHECK FOR TENSION
Maximum tension force = 0.32 kN
Consider75 x 50 cypress timber section.
b = 50 mm
Permissible
d = 75 mm tensile stress
= 3.538
Permissible tensile stress = ƍt. gpar. k3.k7 N/mm2
Where;
ƍt.gpar = 2.9 N/mm2

Applied
BS 5268 - 2000 k3 = 1.00 tensile stress
Table 15 = 0.085
k7 = (300/h)0.11 = (300/75) 0.11 = 1.165 N/mm2
BS 5268 - 2000
Table 20 Permissible tensile stress = ƍt. gpar. k3.k7 = 3.379 N/mm 2
Applied stress = applied load / Area of section = (0.32 x 103)/(75 x 50) =

0.085 N/mm2
Applied tensile stress < Permissible tensile stress Member size

is adequate
Adopt 75 x 50 mm timber section size for tension member

TIMBER ROOF DESIGN
Timber Grade SC3

CHECK FOR COMPRESSION

maximum compression force = 0.32 KN
Permissible compressive stress = ƍc. gpar. k3.k12
Where
ƍc.gpar = grade compressive stress parallel to grain =2.9 N/mm 2
k3 = load duration modification factor.

k12 =compression modification factor.
BS 5268 - 2000
Consider75 x 50 cypress timber section.
Table 15
b =50mmd = 75 mm
BS 5268 -2000
effective length, le = 1.0L =1830mm
Table 22
CHECK THE SLENDERNESS
slenderness ratio =le/b =1830/50 = 36.6 < 50
Ratio of modulus of Elasticity to compression stress = Emin / ƍc. gpar. k3
Emin = 8800
okay in
ƍc.gpar =2.9k3 =1.0 slenderness.
Ratio of modulus of Elasticity to compression stress = 8800/2.9 = 3034.4828

Permissible
k12 = 0.247 compression
stress =
Permissible compressive stress = ƍc. gpar. k3.k12 = 0.7163 N/mm 2 0.7163
BS 5268 – 2000 N/mm2
Table 22 Applied stress = applied load / Area of section= (0.32 x 103)/ (75 x 50) =
0.085 N/mm2
Applied
Applied stress < Permissible stress tensile stress
= 0.085
Adopt 75 x 50 mm timber section size for compression member N/mm2
Member size
is adequate
TIMBER ROOF DESIGN
Timber Grade SC3

Member Member Section Size (mm)
Purlins 100 x 50
Rafters 100 x 50
Top Chord 100 x 50
Bottom Chord 150 x 50
Compression Members (struts) 75 x 50
Tension Members (ties) 75 x 50
SUMMARY OF TIMBER ROOF MEMBERS
TIMBER ROOF DESIGN

TIMBER ROOF DESIGN

TIMBER ROOF DESIGN

STRIP FOUNDATION

B.S8110
TIMBER ROOF DESIGN

TIMBER ROOF DESIGN

TIMBER ROOF DESIGN

TIMBER ROOF DESIGN

TIMBER ROOF DESIGN

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UTMOST CONSULTING Job no: 08 sheet no: 1/2 rev: 01

ENGINEERS UTM-PT 14/02/ 2021

BS 8110: PART 1 Design Data.

Material Density kN/m2

UTMOST CONSULTING Job no: 08 sheet no: 1/2 rev: 01

BS 8110: part 1: LOADS

Bar diameter assume =10mm

Assume slab thickness H=150mm

Cover to top & bottom reinforcement=25mm

UTMOST CONSULTING Job no: 08 sheet no: 1/2 rev: 01

Pane Support condition ly lx l y /l x One/two-way slab

7 Cantilevered 4600 1500 3.07 One way

9 cantilevered 3500 1500 2.3 One way

15 One short side discontinuous 4728 3900 1.21 Two-way

23 Interior panel 5150 3000 1.72 Two-way

25 cantilevered 3175 1200 2.65 One way

26 cantilevered 3900 1200 3.25 One way

28 cantilevered 3175 1200 2.65 One way

BS 8110: part 1: No compression reinforcement required.

Use T10 at 200c / c (393 m m2 /m)

Maximum Spacing = 3x120=360mm…….ok

Maximum area of steel

100 AS 100 x 393

Short way continuous edge

Use T10 at 200c /c (393 m m2 / m)

Minimum Steel Area

100 AS 100 x 393

Long Mid way span

Provide T10 at 200c /c (393 m m2 /m)

Minimum Steel Area

Check for deflection

2 Fy As req 2 x 194.71 x 460

Modification factor for tension reinforcement

actual span 4600

Allowable greater than actual

Table 3.9 Check for shear

Check for cracking

As provided: long span T10@200 mm

UTMOST CONSULTING Job no: 08 sheet no: 1/2 rev: 01

No compression reinforcement required.

BS 8110: part 1: Singly reinforced, no compression reinforcement.

67.39¿ 92.1 hence ok for deflection .

Provide T10 @200 mm c/c B1

Provide T10 @200 mm c/c B2

Provide T10 @200 mm c/c T1

Provide T10 @200 mm c/c T2

UTMOST CONSULTING Job no: 08 sheet no: 1/2 rev: 01

Effective depth (dmin)

Imposed load =5x4.6 =23.1kN/m

UTMOST CONSULTING Job no: 08 sheet no: 1/2 rev: 01

UTMOST CONSULTING Job no: 08 sheet no: 1/2 rev: 01

A 3450 D 3500 3450 4600 G

5150 5150 5150 5150 5150

UTMOST CONSULTING Job no: 08 sheet no: 1/2 rev: 01

Bs 8110-1- ALL dimensions in mm

Design load =1.4(3.6+1.68+7.5+4.6+3.45)+1.6(8)

Continuous beam with unequal Spans

3450 3500 3450 4600

UTMOST CONSULTING Job no: 08 sheet no: 1/2 rev: 01

Balance 0 0.534 0.5262 -0.5262 0.534 +16.04 +12.03 0

CO 0.267 0 -0.2632 0.2632 8.02 0.267 0 6.02

Balance 0 1.0354 1.0205 0.0054 0.0055 1.1921 0.8939 0

UTMOST CONSULTING Job no: 08 sheet no: 1/2 rev: 01