Housing Week 03

9/2/23
HOUSING
IN HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
WEEK NO. 03
RENMAR B. YUTOC uap rmp
URBAN PLANNING AND SETTLEMENTS

SETTLEMENTS
1
9/2/23
HUMAN SETTLEMENT
A general term used in archaeology, geography, landscape

history, and other subjects for a permanent or temporary
community in which people live, without being specific as to
size, population or importance.
https://w w w .earthdata.nasa.gov/topics/hum an-dim ensions/hum an-settlem ents#:~:text=A%20general%20term %20used%20in,to%20size%2C%20population%20or%20im portance.
HUMAN SETTLEMENT
A settlement can therefore range in size from a small

number of dwellings grouped together to the largest of
cities with surrounding urbanized areas.
https://w w w .definitions.net/definition/HUM AN+SETTLEM ENT
2
9/2/23
HIERARCHY OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
Megalopolis Where conurbations have joined to become one large urban area. 10 million + people
A group of large cities and their suburbs that have strong links
Conurbation 3-10 million people
connecting them to each other.
A city and surrounding towns that are in close proximity and have
Metropolis 1-3 million people
started to merge into each other.
300,000 - 1 million
Large city A city with a large population and many services.
people
A city would have a wide range of services but not as many as a 100,000-300,000
City
large city. people
Jot Scroll | https://w w w .jotscroll.com /forum s/3/posts/202/settlem ent-first-hum an-settlem ent-definition-types-hierarchy.htm l

Large towns now see a much more varied range of shops 20,000-100,000
Large Town
available when compared to villages. people
Towns see an increase in services, for example, they would have 1,000-20,000
Town
senior schools and police stations. people
Villages start to have some basic services like a petrol station or a

Village 100 - 1,000 people
vilage shop.
Hamlet Hamlets have very tiny populations and few services, if any. < 100 people
Isolated Isolated dwelling often in rural areas, these tend to be farmhouses a few buildings at
Dwelling or holiday homes. most
Jot Scroll | https://w w w .jotscroll.com /forum s/3/posts/202/settlem ent-first-hum an-settlem ent-definition-types-hierarchy.htm l
3
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Research Gate. Paolo Neil Seludo Navata, Rocky How ard D. Yap | https://w w w .researchgate.net/publication/334162742_National_Land_Use_Policy_Enhancing_Urban_Concentration

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO SHAPE
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A dispersed settlement is where the

buildings are spread apart.

https://w w w .internetgeography.net/topics/patterns-of-settlem ent/
5
9/2/23
In linear pattern of settlement, houses are

located along a road, railway line, river, canal
edge of a valley or along a levee.
https://old.am u.ac.in/em p/studym /100008596.pdf

Rene Beaudoin
6
9/2/23
REVIEW
LINEAR CITY
URBAN PLANNING CONCEPT
REVIEW
LINEAR CITY
The linear city was an urban plan for an elongated urban formation.
All other functions were arranged along that axis with defined width
and indefinite length, intersected at certain intervals by secondary
perpendicular streets. The layout consisted of large blocks with
residential buildings surrounded by vegetation with commercial and
public structures situated at intersections.
https://w w w .architerrax.com /post/linear-city-concept
7
9/2/23
REVIEW
LINEAR CITY
ARTURO SORIA Y MATA
A nucleated settlement occurs in a circular shape with

buildings mainly concentrated around a common
center such as a road junction, park or service area.

8
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DISPERSED LINEAR NUCLEATED

https://iandslcis.w eebly.com /unit-4-settlem ent.htm l
9
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SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION
The function of a settlement helps to identify the economic and social

development of a place and can show its main activity. Most large
settlements have more than one function though in the past one
function was maybe the most important in defining the success and
growth in importance of the settlement.
https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3
10
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The main functions of a settlement are:
• Market Town • Service Center

• Mining Town • Cultural/ Religious Center
• Industrial Town • Administrative Center
• Port • Residential Town
• Route Center • Tourist Resort
Market town
Where farmers will buy and sell their goods and
materials
• Found in fertile farming sites

• Many services e.g. shops and offices
• Good transport links – often they are route centers
Today, it provides services and processes, farming, machinery,

and produce.
https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3 & http://geoeveryw here.w eebly.com /settlem ent1.htm l
11
9/2/23
Mining town
Where minerals and fuel might be extracted.
Industrial Town
Where raw materials will be processed into
manufactured products.
• Has railways and canals for transports

• Has housing and industry mixed together
• Newer industrial town planning ensures the
housing and industry are apart.
12
9/2/23
Port
A place where goods can be imported and exported.
• Found where there are sheltered harbors

• Modern ports need deeper water for today’s
larger ships
• Many ports have gone through a lot of
redevelopment
Route Centre
A place where several important roads/
transport links will meet.
13
9/2/23
Service Center
A place that will provide for the main needs
and services for people living in a particular
area.
Cultural/ Religious Center

A place that will welcome people from different
places for learning or religious observance.
Attracting people, for a short period, for

religious purposes.
https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3 & http://geoeveryw here.w eebly.com /settlem ent1.htm l
14
9/2/23
Administrative Center
Where government offices and departments
will be located.
Residential Town
A place where people will live but will travel to
work somewhere else.
15
9/2/23
Tourist / Seaside Resort

Where people visit to relax and enjoy themselves.
• Close to industrial areas with large populations, with

good rail and roads
• On the sea−front are hotels and entertainments such
as pubs and bingo
• Guest houses are found inland where the land is
cheaper to buy
• Housing found further inland, with industry on the
outskirts
• Promenades pedestrian roads along the front of the
resort
REVIEW
LAND USE
RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL
INDUSTRIAL
INSTITUTIONAL
PARKS / PLAYGROUNDS
INFRASTRUCTURE / UTILITIES
AGRICULTURE
FOREST
TOURISM
MINING / QUARRY
16
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REVIEW
LAND USE
CLUP Guidebook | 2014
REVIEW
LAND USE
17
9/2/23
REVIEW
LAND USE

URBAN VS RURAL SETTLEMENTS
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URBAN : One that’s in a city or town: lots of people live

there, and there are lots of different kinds of buildings
close together.
RURAL : One with lots of nature and open spaces, with

fewer people and buildings than urban or suburban areas.
KHAN ACADEMY
https://www.khanacademy.org/ela/cc-2nd-reading-vocab/xfb4fc0bf01437792:cc-2nd-rural-suburban-urban/xfb4fc0bf01437792:rural-suburban-urban-
building-knowledge/a/rural-suburban-urban-unit-vocabulary
Urban and rural settlements differ in demographics, land

area, and usage, population density, transportation
networks, and economic dependencies. These
characteristics are the defining differences that
geographers and city planners observe between rural and
urban centers.
US Census 2000
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DEMOGRAPHICS
Urban settlements contain a heterogeneous population

consisting of different ages, cultures and ethnicities,
whereas,
Rural areas contain a more homogenous population based

on family, similar ethnicities and fewer cultural influences.
US Census 2000

LAND AREA AND USAGE
Urban settlements are more expansive and contain a wide

range of land uses.
For instance, major metropolitan areas use density zoning to indicate
different levels of development.
Rural settlements are more or less self-contained and may

not use zoning controls or have limited planning and
development regulations.
US Census 2000
20
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POPULATION DENSITY
The U.S. Census Bureau defines urban settlements as areas

with more than 50,000 people and at least 1,000 people per
square mile; including contiguous census tracts or blocks
with at least 500 people per square mile.
Rural settlements contain less than 2,500 people, at a

density between one and 999 people per square mile.
US Census 2000

POPULATION DENSITY
Philippine Context
More on this later.
21
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TRANSPORTATION NETWORK
Urban settlements contain highway infrastructure as well

as airports and light or heavy commuter rail.
Rural transportation networks consist of local and county

roads with limited interconnectivity to rail and bus lines.
US Census 2000

ECONOMY
Urban areas are dependent on a global economy of import

and export.
Rural economies rely on a local and agricultural-based

economy with dependencies on services, such as hospitals
and educational establishments in nearby urban centres.
US Census 2000
22
9/2/23

URBAN SETTLEMENTS
URBAN SETTLEMENTS
Most governments define urban settlements based on one
or a combination of criteria, including population size,
population density, and social and economic factors, such
as the proportion of the labor force engaged in non-
agricultural activities; the administrative or political status
of a locality, such as national, provincial, or district capitals,
or census designations.
Hardoy et al., 2001
23
9/2/23
https://ourw orldindata.org/urbanization
REVIEW
WHAT IS URBAN? (Philippine Setting)
(1) If a barangay has a population size of 5,000 or more, then a

barangay is considered urban, or
(2) If a barangay has at least one establishment with a

minimum of 100 employees, a barangay is considered urban, or
(3) If a barangay has 5 or more establishments with a minimum

of 10 employees, and 5 or more facilities within the two-
kilometer radius from the barangay hall, then a barangay is
considered urban.
NSCB Resolution No. 9 | Series of 2003
https://psa.gov.ph/article/adoption-operational-definition-urban-areas-philippines
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9/2/23
REVIEW
BE IT RESOLVED FURTHER that:
• All barangays in the National Capital Region be

automatically classified as urban;
• All highly urbanized cities be subjected to the urban-

rural criteria in order to determine its urban-rural
classification;
REVIEW
3 KM
REQUIREMENTS:
(1) Population size of 5,000 or

more
2 KM
(2) At least one
establishment with a
minimum of 100 employees
(3a) 5 or more 1 KM
establishments with a
minimum of 10 employees,
11
(3b) 5 or more facilities
within the two-kilometer 12
radius from the barangay
hall
14
NOT URBAN
25
9/2/23
REVIEW
3 KM
REQUIREMENTS:

more 102
2 KM
(2) At least one
(3a) 5 or more 1 KM
11
hall
14
URBAN
REVIEW
3 KM
REQUIREMENTS:

more
2 KM
(2) At least one
10
(3a) 5 or more 1 KM
11
hall
14
NOT URBAN
26
9/2/23
REVIEW
3 KM
REQUIREMENTS:

more
2 KM
(2) At least one
10
(3a) 5 or more 1 KM
11
hall
14
12
NOT URBAN
REVIEW
3 KM
REQUIREMENTS:

more 5
2 KM
(2) At least one
10
(3a) 5 or more 1 KM
minimum of 10 employees, 4
11
within the two-kilometer 12 12
hall
14
10
12
7
URBAN
27
9/2/23
REVIEW
3 KM
REQUIREMENTS:

more 102 5
2 KM
(2) At least one
10
(3a) 5 or more 1 KM
minimum of 10 employees, 4
11
within the two-kilometer 12 8
hall
14
7
URBAN
REVIEW
• The NSO adopt the recommended definition starting in

the 2005 Census of Population (PopCen);
• The NSO conduct parallel runs for generation of data on

urban population using the old and new definitions in
the 2005 PopCen; and
• The NSO and NSCB spearhead the conduct of an

advocacy campaign to inform users on the new
definition of urban barangays.
28
9/2/23
URBANIZATION
Refers to the concentration of human populations into

discrete areas. This concentration leads to the
transformation of land for residential, commercial, industrial
and transportation purposes. It can include densely
populated centers, as well as their adjacent peri-urban or
suburban fringes.
https://w w w .epa.gov/caddis-vol2/urbanization-overview #:~:text=Urbanization%20refers%20to%20the%20concentration,fringes%20(see%20Figure%201).
URBANIZATION (PH SETTING)
https://psa.gov.ph/population-and-housing/node/167692
29
9/2/23
https://psa.gov.ph/population-and-housing/node/167692
URBANIZATION
Today, some 56% of the world’s population – 4.4 billion

inhabitants – live in cities. This trend is expected to continue,
with the urban population more than doubling its current
size by 2050, at which point nearly 7 of 10 people will live in
cities.
https://w w w .w orldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopm ent/overview
30
9/2/23
URBANIZATION
Much of this urbanization will unfold in Africa and Asia,

bringing huge social, economic and environmental
transformations. Urbanization has the potential to usher in a
new era of well-being, resource efficiency and economic
growth.
https://w w w .unfpa.org/urbanization#readm ore-expand
But cities are also home to high

concentrations of poverty.
31
9/2/23
Number of people living in urban and rural areas, World
Number of people living in urban and rural areas, World
32
9/2/23
Share of people living in slums
Just under 1-in-3 urban dwellers live

in slum households
33
9/2/23
Slum Household
Defined as a group of individuals living under the same roof

lacking one or more of the following conditions: access to
improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient
living area, and durability of housing.
34
9/2/23
URBANIZATION
By 2050, it’s projected that 68% of the world’s population will

live in urban areas. In fact, by 2050 there are very few
countries where rural shares are expected to be higher
than urban. These include several across Sub-Saharan
Africa, Asia, Pacific Island States, and Guyana in Latin
America.
35
9/2/23
URBANIZATION-RELATED ARTICLE:
https://ourworldindata.org/urbanization
with Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser
36
9/2/23

CURRENT AND FUTURE URBAN CHALLENGES
DEMOGRAPHIC CHALLENGES
A key problem is that most of the rapid urban growth is
taking place in countries least able to cope – in terms of the
ability of governments to provide, or facilitate the provision
of, urban infrastructure; in terms of the ability of urban
residents to pay for such services and in terms of resilience
to natural disasters. The outcome of this has been the rapid
growth of urban slums and squatter settlements.
37
9/2/23
ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
It is predicted that with urbanization, climate change will

negatively affect access to water and that hundreds of
millions of people will be vulnerable to coastal flooding and
related natural disasters as global warming increases. The
poorest countries and people will be the most vulnerable to
this threat and who will suffer the earliest and the most.
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/04/global-urbanization-material-consumption/
38
9/2/23
ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
The dependence on oil of urban settlements is also a major

environmental concern. Sprawling and low-density
settlements prove to encourage the use of fossil fuel
compared to high-density communities. Vehicle emissions
contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and
hence global warming.
HISTORY OF SETTLEMENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

PRE-COLONIAL
39
9/2/23
BEYER’S WAVE
MIGRATION THEORY
H. Otley Beyer
Founder of the Anthropology Department
University of the Philippines
BEYER’S WAVE MIGRATION THEORY

According to Dr. Beyer, the ancestors of the Filipinos came in different "waves of migration", as
follows:
• "Dawn Man", a cave-man type who was similar to Java man, Peking Man, and other Asian
Homo erectus of 250,000 years ago.
• The aboriginal pygmy group, the Negritos, who arrived between 25,000 and 30,000 years
ago via land bridges.
• The seafaring tool-using Indonesian group who arrived about 5,000 to 6,000 years ago and
were the first immigrants to reach the Philippines by sea.
• The seafaring, more civilized Malays who brought the Iron Age culture and were the real
colonizers and dominant cultural group in the pre-Hispanic Philippines.
40
9/2/23
CORE POPULATION
THEORY
Felipe Landa Jocano
Anthropologist
University of the Philippines
TABON CAVE
https://w w w .nationalm useum .gov.ph/our-m useum s/regional-area-and-site-m useum s/tabon-cave-com plex/
41
9/2/23
200-500 AD
The emergence of Barangay city-states and trade
Ethnic groups established numerous city-states formed by

the assimilation of several small political units known as
barangay each headed by a Datu which was answerable to
a Rajah.
BALANGAY
42
9/2/23
200-500 AD
Each barangay consisted of about 100 families. Some

barangays were big, such as Zubu (Cebu), Butuan, Maktan
(Mactan), Mandani (Mandaue), Lalan (Liloan), Irong-
Irong(Iloilo), Bigan (Vigan), and Selurong (Manila). Each of
these big barangays had a population of more than 2,000.

SPANISH OCCUPATION
43
9/2/23
CEBU
Following Magellan, Spanish explorers

led by Miguel López de Legazpi sailing
from Mexico arrived in 1565 and
established a colony in the island of
Cebu.
CEBU
The Spaniards established settlements, trade flourished and

renamed the island to "Villa del Santíssimo Nombre de
Jesús" (Town of the Most Holy Name of Jesus). Cebu
became the first European settlement established by the
Spanish Cortés in the Philippines.
44
9/2/23
INTRAMUROS
It was built to protect the seat of the Spanish government

from hostile native revolts, and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The plans for Intramuros were based on King Philip II of
Spain's Royal Ordinance issued on July 3, 1573 in San Lorenzo,
Spain.
INTRAMUROS
Its design was based upon a star fort or trace italienne and
covered 64 hectares of land, surrounded by 8 feet thick
stones and high walls that rise 22 feet.
45
9/2/23
TRACE
ITALIENNE
https://w w w .google.com /search?q=trace%2
0italienne&tbm =isch&tbs=isz:l&client=safari
&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CAIQ pw VqFw oTCKiVg-
-
b_YADFQ AAAAAdAAAAABAQ &biw =1425&bih
=823#im grc=VlFVshxqLq0w JM
INTRAMUROS
46
9/2/23
INTRAMUROS
BINONDO
Founded in 1594, Binondo was created by Spanish Governor

Luis Pérez Dasmariñas as a permanent settlement for
converted Chinese immigrants (called sangleys) across the
river from the walled city of Intramuros where the Spaniards
resided.
47
9/2/23

AMERICAN PERIOD
48
9/2/23
BAGUIO
The region around Baguio was first settled primarily by the

Kankana-eys and the Ibalois. In the nearby town of La
Trinidad, Spaniards established a commandante or military
garrison, although Kafagway, as Baguio was once known,
was barely touched.
BAGUIO
The famous American architect Daniel Burnham, one of the

earliest successful modern city planners, laid a meticulous
plan for the city in 1904. His plan was, nevertheless, realized
only to a small extent, primarily due to growth of the city
well beyond its initial planned population of 25,000 people.
49
DANIEL BURNHAM
50
9/2/23
9/2/23
51
9/2/23
MANILA
52
9/2/23
MANILA, IF THE PROPOSED PLAN WAS FOLLOWED
Above the Philippines – Facebook
end.
LAST UPDATED: 2023, AUGUST 28
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9/2/23

RENMAR B. YUTOC uap rmp

URBAN PLANNING AND SETTLEMENTS

A general term used in archaeology, geography, landscape

https://w w w .earthdata.nasa.gov/topics/hum an-dim ensions/hum an-settlem ents#:~:text=A%20general%20term %20used%20in,to%20size%2C%20population%20or%20im portance.

A settlement can therefore range in size from a small

https://w w w .definitions.net/definition/HUM AN+SETTLEM ENT

HIERARCHY OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

Jot Scroll | https://w w w .jotscroll.com /forum s/3/posts/202/settlem ent-first-hum an-settlem ent-definition-types-hierarchy.htm l

HIERARCHY OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

Villages start to have some basic services like a petrol station or a

Jot Scroll | https://w w w .jotscroll.com /forum s/3/posts/202/settlem ent-first-hum an-settlem ent-definition-types-hierarchy.htm l

HIERARCHY OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

URBAN PLANNING AND SETTLEMENTS

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO SHAPE

A dispersed settlement is where the

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO SHAPE

In linear pattern of settlement, houses are

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO SHAPE

https://w w w .architerrax.com /post/linear-city-concept

ARTURO SORIA Y MATA

A nucleated settlement occurs in a circular shape with

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO SHAPE

DISPERSED LINEAR NUCLEATED

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO SHAPE

https://iandslcis.w eebly.com /unit-4-settlem ent.htm l

URBAN PLANNING AND SETTLEMENTS

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

The function of a settlement helps to identify the economic and social

https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

The main functions of a settlement are:

• Market Town • Service Center

https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

• Found in fertile farming sites

Today, it provides services and processes, farming, machinery,

https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3 & http://geoeveryw here.w eebly.com /settlem ent1.htm l

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

• Has railways and canals for transports

https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

• Found where there are sheltered harbors

https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

Cultural/ Religious Center

Attracting people, for a short period, for

https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3 & http://geoeveryw here.w eebly.com /settlem ent1.htm l

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION

Tourist / Seaside Resort

• Close to industrial areas with large populations, with

https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3

CLUP Guidebook | 2014