Worksheet

Date : 18-09-2023 STD 10 Science

All chapters are included which are
Total Marks : 85
completed in class

Que 1 (A) Select and write one most appropriate option out of the four options [20]
given for each of the questions
1. Which of the following are exothermic processes?
i. Reaction of water with quick lime
ii. Dilution of an acid
iii. Evaporation of water
iv. Sublimation of camphor (crystals)
(A) (i) and (ii) (B) (ii) and (iii) (C) (i) and (iv) (D) (ii) and (iv)
Ans. :
a. (i) and (ii)
Explaination:
Reason: In both the cases, heat energy is evolved.

2. What happens when dilute Sulphuric acid is added to Zn granules?

(A) Hydrogen (B) Chlorine gas (C) No reaction (D) Zinc salt
gas and Zinc and Zinc takes place. and water are
chloride are hydroxide are produced.
produced. produced.

Ans. :
a. Hydrogen gas and Zinc chloride are produced.
Explanation:
Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride(ZnCl2 ) and hydrogen(H 2 )
gas.
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2 (aq) + H 2 (g)

3. Which among the following statement(s) is (are) true?

Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight for a long duration turns grey due to:
i. The formation of silver by decomposition of silver chloride.
ii. Sublimation of silver chloride.
iii. Decomposition of chlorine gas from silver chloride.
iv. Oxidation of silver chloride.
(A) (i) only (B) (i) and (iii) (C) (ii) and (iii) (D) (iv) onl

Ans. :
a. (i) only
Explanation:
Decomposition of silver chloride takes place in the presence of sunlight.
Sunlight

2AgCl −−−−−→ 2Ag(s) + Cl2

Silver Silver

choride

[1]
 In this reaction, the white colour of silver chloride changes greyish white due to the
formation of silver metal.

4. You are given the following chemical equation:

Mg(s) + CuO(s) −−−→ MgO(s) + Cu(s)

This equation represents:
(A) (B) (C) Redox (D) Double
Decomposition Combination reaction as well displacement
reaction as well reaction as well as displacement reaction as well
as displacement as double reaction. as redox
reaction. displacement reaction.
reaction.

Ans. :
c. Redox reaction as well as displacement reaction.
Explanation:
In the given reaction, magnesium takes oxygen and gets oxidised, whereas copper
loses oxygen and gets reduced, so it is a redox reaction. Also magnesium, being
more reactive metal, displaces copper from the copper solution and hence it is a
displacement reaction.

5. What happens when magnesium ribbon is burned?

(A) The ribben (B) Burns with a (C) Burns with a (D) None of
burns out dazzling white dazzling white these.
without leaving flame. flame and
any residue. changes into a
white powder.

Ans. :
c. Burns with a dazzling white flame and changes into a white powder.
Explanation:
Magnesium ribbon burns with a dazzling white flame and changes into a white
powder.
The white powder is magnesium oxide which isformed s a reaction between
magnesium and oxygen present in the air.

6. Which of the following correctly represent the parent acid and parent base of sodium
acetate?
(A) Parent acid (B) Parent acid (C) Parent acid (D) Parent acid
- HCl; Parent - H 2 ​SO4 ​; Parent - CH 3​COOH; - HNO3 ​; Parent
base - Na2​SO4​ base - KOH Parent base base - Na 2 ​CO3​
- NaOH

Ans. :
c. Parent acid - CH 3​COOH; Parent base - NaOH
7. What is formed when zinc reacts with sodium hydroxide?
(A) Zinc (B) Sodium (C) Sodium (D) Sodium
hydroxide and zincate and zinc-oxide and zincate and
sodium. hydrogen gas. hydrogen gas. water.

Ans. :

[2]
 b. Sodium zincate and hydrogen gas.
8. A student takes about 6 mL distilled water in four test tubes marked P, Q, R and S. He
dissolves sodium sulphate in P, potassium sulphate in Q, calcium sulphate in R and
magnesium sulphate in S. After that he adds equal amount of soap solution in each test
tube. On shaking these test tubes, he would observe a good amount of lather in the test
tubes marked.
(A) P and Q. (B) Q and R. (C) R and S. (D) P and S.

Ans. :
A. P and Q.
​E xplanation:
Lather (foam) is formed by the reaction of soap solution with sodium sulphate and
potassium sulphate in the test tubes P and Q, respectively. They are dissolved in
water to give a neutral solution.
Sulphates, chlorides and bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium make the water
hard.
Thus, the lather is not formed in the test tubes R and S.

9. The colour of raisins as used in the experiment, 'to determine the percentage of water
absorbed by raisins' was.
(A) White. (B) Yellow. (C) Dark brown. (D) Pink.

Ans. :
C. Dark brown.
10. The atomic number of an element Y is 17. The number of electrons in its ion Y − will be:
(A) 17 (B) 18 (C) 19 (D) 20
Ans. :
b. 18
Explanation:
Anion Y − has one more electron than its neutral atom. Y atom has 17 electrons and
therefore, in Y −, number of electrons will be 18(17 + 1).

11. Chemically rust is:

(A) Hydrated (B) Hydrated (C) Only ferric (D) None of
ferrous oxide ferric oxide oxide these

Ans. :
b. Hydrated ferric oxide
12. The atomic number of an element X is 16. The symbol of ion formed by an atom of this
element will be:
(A) X2+ (B) X3+ (C) X2− (D) X−

Ans. :
c. X2−
Explanation:
Element X needs 2 electrons to complete its octet. Therefore, it forms X2− anion.

13. In the thermite process, the reducing agent is:

[3]
 (A) Nickel (B) Zinc (C) Sodium (D) Aluminium

Ans. :
d. Aluminium
14. Beakers A, B and C contain zinc sulphate, silver nitrate and iron (II) sulphate solutions
respectively. Copper pieces are added to each beaker. Blue colour will appear in case
of:
(A) Beaker A (B) Beaker B (C) Beaker C (D) All the
beakers.

Ans. :
b. Beaker B
15. All green plants are __________.

Ans. :
All green plants are Autotrophs.

16. The amount of blood supplied to brain per minute is:

(A) 450ml (B) 50ml (C) 750ml (D) 1,000ml

Ans. :
c. 750ml
Explanation:
The amount of blood supplied to the brain per minute i.e cerebral blood flow is 15%
of the cardiac output which is 750 ml.

17. Reflex actions are mediated through:

(A) Brain (B) Effectors (C) Spinal cord (D) Receptors

Ans. :
c. Spinal cord
18. A student sitting on the last bench can read the letters written on the blackboard but is
not able to read the letters written in his text book. Which of the following statements is
correct?
(A) The near (B) The near (C) The far (D) The far
point of his eyes point of his eyes point of his eyes point of his eyes
has receded has come closer has come closer has receded
away. to him. to him. away.

Ans. :
a. The near point of his eyes has receded away.
Explanation:
The student sitting on the last bench can read the letters written on the blackboard
but is not able to read the letters written in his text book because
he is suffering from hypermetropia or far sightedness. He can see distant objects
clearly but cannot seen earby objects distinctly.

19. A beam of white light falls on a glass prism. The colour of light which undergoes the
least bending on passing through the glass prism is:
(A) Violet. (B) Red. (C) Green. (D) Blue.
Ans. :

[4]
 b. Red.
Explanation:
The colour red undergoes the least bending on passing through the glass prism as it
has longest wavelength.

20. Which of the following statement is incorrect?

(A) All green (B) Green (C) Producers (D) Plants
plants and blue plants get their prepare their convert solar
green algae are food from own food from energy into
producers. readymade inorganic chemical
organic compounds. energy.
compounds.

Ans. :
b. Green plants get their food from readymade organic compounds.
Explanation:
This is an incorrect statement as green plants prepare their food themselves; they do
not get readymade organic compounds as their food.

Que 1 (B) Assertion - Reasoning based questions. [5]

21. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as
given below:
a. Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
c. A is true, but R is false.
d. A is false, but R is true.
Assertion: The reaction during which hydrogen is lost is called oxidation reaction.
Reason: Reducing agent removes hydrogen from another substance.

Ans. :
c. A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
Reducing agent gives hydrogen to another substance.

22. For question two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) as given below:
a. Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
c. A is true, but R is false.
d. A is false, but R is true.
Assertion: Phenolphthalein is an acid-base indicator.
Reason: Phenolphthalein gives different colours in acidic and basic medium

Ans. :
a. Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
Explanation:
Phenolphthalein is a weak organic acid and may be represented as HPh.

[5]
 + −
HPh ⇌ H + Ph

(Colourles) (Colourles) (Pink)

ln acidic medium, excess of H + ions are present and so equilibrium is towards left
and hence solution is colourless. While in basic medium, OH ions combine with H +
ions to form unionised water molecules and so equilibrium is towards right and
hence solution has pink colour. Therefore, phenolphthalein is an acid acid-base
indicator.

23. For two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as
given below:
a. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
Assertion: Most of the living organisms carry out aerobic respiration.
Reason: Mitochondria is the site of aerobic respiration in the cell.

Ans. :
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
Explanation:
Most of the living organisms carry out aerobic respiration. For example human, dogs,
cats, lions, deer, birds, lizards, grasshopper, etc. and most of the plants carry out
aerobic respiration by using oxygen of air. The first step of breakdown of glucose into
pyruvic acid occurs in cytoplasm. Aerobic breakdown of pyruvic acid takes place in
mitochondria.

24. For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as
given below:
a. Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
c. A is true, but R is false.
d. A is false, but R is true.
Assertion: Danger signals are red.
Reason: Red colour has smallest wavelength.

Ans. :
c. A is true, but R is false.
Explanation:
Red colour has longest wavelength.

25. For two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as
given below:
a. Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
c. A is true, but R is false.
d. A is false, but R is true.

[6]
 Assertion: If pesticide is present in water bodies, then fish eating birds accumulate
maximum amount of DDT in their bodies.
Reason: Pesticides are not metabolized within bodies of living organisms and get
concentrated at each trophic level, leading to bioaccumulation.

Ans. :
a. Both A and R are true, and R is correct explanation of the assertion.

Que 1 (C) Fill in the blank with correct answer.[1 Mark each] [20]
26. Fill in the missing data in the given table.
Name of the salt Formula Salt obtained from
Base Acid
(i) Ammonium chloride NH 4 Cl NH 4 OH -
(ii) Copper sulphate - - H 2 SO4
(iii) Sodium chloride NaCl NaOH -
(iv) Magnesim nitrate Mg(NO3 )2 - HNO3
(v) Pottasium sulphate K2 SO4 - -
(vi) Calcium nitrate Ca(NO3 )2 Ca(OH)2 -

Ans. :
Name of the salt Formula Salt obtained from
Base Acid
(i) Ammonium chloride NH 4 Cl NH 4 OH HCl
(ii) Copper sulphate CuSO4 CuCO3 H 2 SO4
(iii) Sodium chloride NaCl NaOH HCl
(iv) Magnesim nitrate Mg(NO3 )2 Mg(OH)2 HNO3
(v) Pottasium sulphate K2 SO4 KOH H 2 SO4
(vi) Calcium nitrate Ca(NO3 )2 Ca(OH)2 HNO3
1. NH 3 + HCl → NH 4 Cl + H2 O

Base Acid Ammonium

chloride(salt)

When ammonia reacts with hydrochloric acid, it forms ammonium chloride and
water.
2. CuCO3 + H2 SO4 → CuSO4 + CO2

+ H2 O

Base Acid Copper

sulphate(salt)

When copper carbonate reacts with sulphuric acid, it forms copper sulphate, carbon
dioxide and water.
3. NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2 O

Base Acid sodium

chloride(salt)

[7]
 When sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid, it forms sodium chloride and
water.
4. Mg(OH)
2
+ 2HNO 3 → Mg(NO )2
3

+ 2 H2 O

Base Acid Magnesium

nitrate(salt)

When magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia) reacts with nitric acid, it forms
magnesium nitrate and water.
5. 2KOH + H2 SO4 → K2 SO4 + 2 H2 O

Base Acid Potasium

sulphate(salt)

When potassium hydroxide reacts with sulphuric acid, it forms potassium sulphate
and water.
6. Ca(OH)
2
+ 2 HNO 3 → Ca(NO )2
3

+ 2 H2 O

Base Acid Calcium

nitrate(salt)

When calcium hydroxide reacts with nitric acid, it forms calcium nitrate and water.

27. Those substances whose smell (or odour) changes in acidic or basic solutions are
called______________

Ans. :
Olfactory.

28. Chemical formula of washing soda is _______.

Ans. :
Chemical formula of washing soda is Na2CO3.10H2O.

29. Bronze is an alloy of copper and _______.

Ans. :
Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.

30. The electrical conductivity and melting point of an alloy is _______ than that of pure
metals.

Ans. :
The electrical conductivity and melting point of an alloy is less than that of pure metals.

31. Two atoms of the same element combine to form a molecule. The bond between them
is known as _________ bond.

Ans. :
Two atoms of the same element combine to form a molecule. The bond between them is
known as Covalent bond.

[8]
32. Magnesium liberates ________ gas on reacting with hot boiling water.

Ans. :
Magnesium liberates Hydrogen gas on reacting with hot boiling water.

33. The non-metal present in steel is _______.

Ans. :
The non-metal present in steel is carbon.

34. The extracellular fluid which always flows from body tissues to the heart is called
_________.

Ans. :
The extracellular fluid which always flows from body tissues to the heart is called Lymph.

35. The organs which extract the nitrogenous wastes from the blood are __________.

Ans. :
The organs which extract the nitrogenous wastes from the blood are Kidneys.

36. Carbon dioxide and water are necessary for ___________ while oxygen and water are
necessary for ___________.

Ans. :
Carbon dioxide and water are necessary for Plants while oxygen and water are necessary
for Plants.
Explanation:
Plants also require water to make their food. The energy from light causes a chemical
reaction that breaks down the molecules of carbon dioxide and water and reorganizes
them to make the sugar (glucose) and oxygen gas.

37. The largest gland of the body is ___________.

Ans. :
The largest gland of the body is Liver.
Explanation:
Liver is the largest gland in human body. It is also the largest (internal) organ in our body
and can weigh up to 1.5kg for a human adult.

38. Iodine turns blue-black on reacting with _________.

Ans. :
Iodine turns blue-black on reacting with Starch.

39. Gums and resins are the _________ products of plants.

Ans. :
Gums and resins are the Waste products of plants.

40. Spinal cord originates from __________.

Ans. :
Spinal cord originates from medulla.

[9]
 Explanation:
Spinal cord originates from medulla. The spinal cord (in yellow) connects the brain to
nerves throughout the body.

41. The neuron which carries a message for action to a muscle or gland is known as a
__________.

Ans. :
The neuron which carries a message for action to a muscle or gland is known as a Motor.

42. We can see the sun about _____ minutes before the actual sunrise and about ______
minutes after the actual sunset because of atmospheric _____.

Ans. :
We can see the sun about two minutes before the actual sunrise and about two minutes
after the actual sunset because of atmospheric refraction.

43. Short-sighted person cannot see _____ objects clearly. Short-sightedness can be
corrected by using _____ lenses.

Ans. :
Short-sighted person cannot see distant objects clearly. Short-sightedness can be
corrected by using concave.

44. Plants → Antelope → ___________.

Ans. :
Plants → Antelope → Lion.

45. Interdependence of organisms on other organisms for their sustenance is described as

_______.

Ans. :
Interdependence of organisms on other organisms for their sustenance is described
as ecosystem depend.
Explanation:
the organisms in an ecosystem are dependent upon each other. organisms in an
ecosystem depend upon each other.

Que 1 (D) State if the following are true or false.[1 Mark each] [10]
46. A precipate is a liquid product which seperates the solution during a chemical reaction.
[True/ False]

Ans. :
True.
Explanation:
Precipitation is the creation of a solid from a solution. When the reaction occurs in a liquid
solution, the solid formed is called the 'precipitate'.

47. Non-metals can exist in all three physical states, i.e. solid, liquid and gases. [True/ False]

Ans. :
True.

[10]
 Explanation:
Three states of matter exist-solid, liquid, and gas.

48. State whether the following statements are true or false:

Energy can be produced in cells without oxygen.

Ans. :
True.

49. The organ which extract the nitrogenous wastes from small the blood are nephron.
[True/ False]

Ans. :
True.
Explanation:
A nephron is the basic unit of structure in the kidney. A nephron is used separate to water,
ions and small molecules from the blood etc.

50. State whether the following statements are true or false:

The value of systolic pressure is always lower than that of diastolic pressure.

Ans. :
False.

51. Reflex arc is found in human beings only. [True/ False]

Ans. :
True.
Explanation:
A true reflex arc involves only a few neurons, or cells of the nervous system, and the
information goes only from your body to your spinal cord, not your brain. Let's look at the
cells that make up the reflex arc and how they work.

52. State whether the following statements are true or false:

a. The scattering away of red light makes the sky appear blue during the day
time.
b. The scattering away of blue light makes the sun appear red at sunset.

Ans. :
a. False.
b. True.
53. State whether the following statements are true or false:
In biology, human beings are called producers.

Ans. :
False

54. State whether the following statement is true or false:

Only 10 per cent of the light energy given by the sun is available for transfer at each
higher trophic level in a food chain.

Ans. :
False.

[11]
55. Secondary consumers and tertiary consumers, both are carnivores.

Ans. :
True.

Que 1 (E) Answer the questions.[1 Mark each] [30]

56. Give an example of a reaction which is double displacement reaction as well as
precipitation reaction?

Ans. :
The easiest way to identify a double displacement reaction is to check to see whether or
not the cations exchanged anions with each other. Another clue, if the states of matter are
cited, is to look for aqueous reactants and the formation of one solid product (since the
reaction typically generates a precipitate). The reaction between silver nitrate and sodium
chloride is a double displacement reaction. The silver trades its nitrite ion for the sodium's
chloride ion, causing the sodium to pick up the nitrate anion.

AgNO 3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO 3

Here's another example:

BaCl2 (aq) + Na 2 SO4 (aq) → BaSO4 (s) + 2NaCl(aq)

57. Identify the oxidising agent (oxidant) in the following reaction.

CuO + H 2 → Cu + H 2 O

Ans. :
CuO is the oxidant as it is reduced to Cu.

58. What does the symbol (aq) represent in a chemical equation?

Ans. :
The symbol (aq) represents aqueous solution in a chemical equation.

59. What are anti-oxidants? Why are they added to fat and oil containing foods?

Ans. :
Anti-oxidant is a substance which prevents oxidation. They are added to fat and oil
containing foods so that they do not get oxidized easily and hence do not turn rancid.

60. Correct and balance the following equations:

Ca + H2 O −−−→ CaOH + H

Ans. :

Ca + 2 H2 O −−−→ Ca(OH) + H2
2

61. Identify the type of chemical reaction taking place in the following:
Barium chloride solution is mixed with a copper sulphate solution and a white
precipitate is observed.

Ans. :
Double displacement and precipitation reaction.

62.

[12]
 Translate the following statements into chemical equations and then balance the
equations:
Aluminium metal replaces iron from ferric oxide, FeO , giving aluminium oxide and iron.

Ans. :

2Al + Fe2 O3 −−−→ Al 2 O3 + 2Fe

63. Name a calcium compound which hardens on wetting with water.

Ans. :
Plaster of Paris.

64. Which indicator gives pink colour in basic solution?

Ans. :
Phenolphthalein is a colourless indicator which gives pink colour in basic solution. It does
not give any colour for acidic solutions.

65. The pH of a sample of vegetable soup was found to be 6.5. How is this soup likely to
taste?

Ans. :
pH < 7 is acidic
pH > 7 is basic
pH = 7 is neutral
Since the pH is 6.5, i.e., below 7, so the soup is acidic in nature and is sour to taste.

66. Which solution is more acidic, one with a pH of 4 or one with a pH of 1?

Ans. :
PH 1 is more acidic higher the hydronium ion concentration lower it's ph value. Acidic and
basic are two extremes that describe a chemical property chemicals. Mixing acids and
bases can cancel out or neutralize their extreme effects. A substance that is neither acidic
nor basic is neutral. The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH
scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than
7 is basic.

67. Why do we apply paint on iron articles?

Ans. :
Iron objects are painted so that air and moisture can not come in contact with the iron
objects and hence no rusting takes place.

68. What type of bonds are present in methane (CH 4 ) and sodium chloride (NaCl)?

Ans. :
Methane: Covalent bonds
Sodium chloride: Ionic bonds

69. Name one metal and one non-metal which are obtained on a large scale from sea
water.

Ans. :
Sodium (Na), metal and Chlorine (Cl), non-metal are obtained from sea water.

[13]
70. Write down the electron arrangement in (i) a magnesium atom, and (ii) a chlorine atom.

Ans. :
i. Magnesium: 2, 8, 2.
ii. Chlorine: 2, 8, 7.
71. Give the name of one ore of iron. Which iron compound is present in this ore? Write its
chemical formula.

Ans. :
Haematite; Iron (III) oxide, Fe2 O3 .

72. Name an animal whose process of obtaining food is called phagocytosis.

Ans. :
Amoeba.

73. Name a unicellular animal which uses cilia to move food particles into its mouth.

Ans. :
Paramecium.

74. Where does the blood absorb oxygen in the human body?

Ans. :
Alveoli.

75. Give the scientific terms used to represent the following:

Growing of roots towards the earth.

Ans. :
Geotropism.

76. Mention one function for each of these hormones:

Thyroxin.

Ans. :
Controls general metabolism and growth in the body.

77. Name the two systems of control and coordination in higher animals.

Ans. :
Nervous system and Endocrine system.

78. Name the disease caused by the deficiency of insulin hormone in the body.

Ans. :
Diabetes.

79. Name the defect of vision which makes the eye-lens cloudy resulting in blurred vision.

Ans. :
Cataract.

80. Name the cells which are responsible for the colour determination.

Ans. :

[14]
 Cone cells, or cones, are photoreceptor cells in the retinas of vertebrate eyes (e.g. the
human eye). They respond differently to light of different wavelengths, and are thus
responsible for color vision and function best in relatively bright light, as opposed to rod
cells, which work better in dim light.

81. Construct.
A long food chain, and
A short food chain, ending with man.

Ans. :
Algae → Protozoa → Small fish → Big fish → Man

Plants → Man

82. What do we call the various steps involved in the food chain?

Ans. :
The various steps involved in food chain are called tropic levels.

83. Which of the following materials are biodegradable? Animal bones, Iron nails, Plastic
mugs, Leather belts, Silver foil.

Ans. :
Animal Bones and Leather Belts.

84. Which group of organisms converts organic materials into inorganic forms?

Ans. :
Decomposers are the organisms which convert organic material into inorganic form.

85. Which fossil fuel was formed by the buried remains of large land plants?

Ans. :
Coal.

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