Study Of Gas Law

. Gas Laws:
Gas laws are the rules which gasses obey when subjected to
changes in volume, temperature or pressure. Any changes in one
of the aforesaid variables affects the other two variables. For
example, if the pressure of a gas undergoes some significant
change, its volume and temperature also change. These variables
are discussed are discussed below.

. Volume:
Gases always occupy the complete volume of the container on
account of their high expansion. Thus, the volume of a gas is
always to the volume of a gas is always equal to the volume of
container.

Units of volume:
The volume of gases is measured in the following units:
.) 1 millilitre ( 1mlThe gas laws are a group of laws that govern
the behaviour of gases by providing relationships between the
following:

The volume occupied by a gas.

The pressure exerted by a gas on the walls of its container.
The absolute temperature of the gas.
The amount of gaseous substance (or) the number of moles of
gas.
The gas laws were developed towards the end of the 18th century
by numerous scientists (after whom, the individual laws are
named). The five gas laws are:

Boyle’s Law, which provides a relationship between the pressure

and the volume of a gas.
Charles’s Law, which provides a relationship between the volume
occupied by a gas and the absolute temperature.
Gay-Lussac’s Law, which provides a relationship between the
pressure exerted by a gas on the walls of its container and the
absolute temperature associated with the gas.
Avogadro’s Law, which provides a relationship between the
volume occupied by a gas and the amount of gaseous substance.
The Combined Gas Law (or the Ideal Gas Law), which can be
obtained by combining the four laws listed above.
Under standard conditions, all gasses exhibit similar behaviour.
The variations in their behaviours arise when the physical
parameters associated with the gas (such as temperature, pressure,
and volume) are altered. The gas laws basically describe the
behaviour of gases and have been named after the scientists who
discovered them.

We will look at all the gas laws below and also understand a few
underlying topics.
Boyle’s law
Charle’s law
Gay-Lussac law
Avogadro’s law
Combined Gas law
Combined Gas law
ideal-gas
Gas Law Table
Gas Law Problems
Applications of Gas Law

Boyle’s Law
Boyle’s law gives the relationship between the pressure of a gas
and the volume of the gas at a constant temperature. Basically, the
volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of a gas
at a constant temperature.

Boyle’s law

Boyle’s law equation is written as:

V ∝ 1/P

Or
P ∝ 1/V

Or

PV = k1

Where V is the volume of the gas, P is the pressure of the gas and
K1 is the constant. Boyle’s Law can be used to determine the
current pressure or volume of gas and can be represented also as;

P1V1 = P2V2

Boyle’s Law-Related Problem

An 18.10mL sample of gas is at 3.500 atm. What will be the
volume if the pressure becomes 2.500 atm, with a fixed amount of
gas and temperature?

Solution:

By solving with the help of Boyle’s law equation

P1V1 = P2V2

V2 = P1V1 / P2
V2 = (18.10 * 3.500atm)/2.500atm

V2 = 25.34 mL

Also Read: Behaviour of Gases

Charle’s Law
Charle’s law states that at constant pressure, the volume of a gas
is directly proportional to the temperature (in Kelvin) in a closed
system. Basically, this law describes the relationship between the
temperature and volume of the gas.

Charle’s Law

Mathematically, Charle’s law can be expressed as;

V∝T

Where, V = volume of gas, T = temperature of the gas in Kelvin.

Another form of this equation can be written as;

V1 / T1 = V2 / T2

Charle’s law problem

A sample of Carbon dioxide in a pump has a volume of 21.5 mL
and it is at 50.0 oC. When the amount of gas and pressure remain
constant, find the new volume of Carbon dioxide in the pump if
the temperature is increased to 75.0 oC.

Solution:

V2 = V1T2/T1

V2 = 7,485.225/ 323.15

V2 = 23.16 mL

Gay-Lussac Law
Gay-Lussac law gives the relationship between temperature and
pressure at constant volume. The law states that at a constant
volume, the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to the
temperature for a given gas.

Gay-Lussac Law
If you heat up a gas, the molecules will be given more energy,
they move faster. If you cool down the molecules, they slow
down and the pressure decreases. The change in temperature and
pressure can be calculated using Gay-Lussac law and it is
mathematically represented as;

P∝T

Or

P / T = k1

or

P1 / T1 = P2 / T2

Where P is the pressure of the gas and T is the temperature of the

gas in Kelvin.

Gay-Lussac Law related problem

Determine the pressure change when a constant volume of gas at
2.00 atm is heated from 30.0 °C to 40.0 °C.

Solution:
P1 = 2.00 atm
P2 =?
T1 = (30 + 273) = 303 K
T2 = (40 + 273) = 313 K

According to the Gay-Lussac law

P∝T
P/T = constant
P1/T1 = P2/T2
P2 =( P1 T2 ) / T1
= (2 x 313) / 303
=2.06 atm

Avogadro’s Law
Avogadro’s law states that if the gas is an ideal gas, the same
number of molecules exists in the system. The law also states that
if the volume of gases is equal it means that the number of the
molecule will be the same as the ideal gas only when it has equal
volume. This above statement can be mathematically expressed
as;

V / n = constant

Or
V1 / n1 = V2 / n2

Where V is the volume of an ideal gas and n in the above

equation represent the number of gas molecules.

Problems related to Avogadro’s Law

At constant temperature and pressure, 6.00 L of a gas is known to
contain 0.975 mol. If the amount of gas is increased to 1.90 mol,
what new volume will result?

Solution:

V1 = 6.00 L
V2 = ?
n1 = 0.975
n2 = 1.90 mol

According to Avogadro’s law

V∝n
V/n = constant
V1 / n1 = V2 / n2
V2 = V1n2/n1
V2 = (6 x 1.90)/ 0.975 = 11.69 L
Combined Gas Law
The combined gas law is also known as a general gas equation is
obtained by combining three gas laws which include Charle’s
law, Boyle’s Law and Gay-Lussac law. The law shows the
relationship between temperature, volume and pressure for a fixed
quantity of gas.

The general equation of combined gas law is given as;

PV / T = k

If we want to compare the same gas in different cases, the law can
be represented as;

P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2

Also Read: Kinetic Theory of Gas

Ideal Gas Law

Much like the combined gas law, the ideal gas law is also an
amalgamation of four different gas laws. Here, Avogadro’s law is
added and the combined gas law is converted into the ideal gas
law. This law relates four different variables which are pressure,
volume, no of moles or molecules and temperature. Basically, the
ideal gas law gives the relationship between these above four
different variables. Mathematically Ideal gas law is expressed as;
PV=nRT

Where,

V = volume of gas.

T = temperature of the gas.

P = pressure of the gas.

R = universal gas constant.

n denotes the number of moles.

We can also use an equivalent equation given below.

PV = kNT

Where, k = Boltzman constant and N = number of gas molecules.

Ideal Gas
Ideal gases are also known as a perfect gas. It establishes a
relationship among the four different gas variables such as
pressure (P), Volume(V), Temperature(T) and amount of gas (n).
Ideal Gas Properties and Characteristics
The motion of ideal gas in a straight line constant and random.
The gas occupies a very small space because the particle in the
gas is minimal.
There is no force present between the particle of the gas. Particles
only collide elastically with the walls of the container and with
each other.
The average kinetic energy of the gas-particle is directly
proportional to the absolute temperature.
The gases are made up of many the same particles (atoms or
molecules) which are perfectly hard spheres and also very small.
The actual volume of the gas molecule is considered negligible as
compared to the space between them and because of this reason
they are considered as the point masses.

Gas Law Formula Table

The following table consists of all the formulas of Gas Law.

Gas Law Formula Description

Charle’s Law V1/T1=V2/T2 At constant P, as the volume
increases the temperature also increases.
Boyle’s Law P1V1=P2V2 At constant T, if pressure
increases then volume decreases.
Gay- Lussac Law P1/T1=P2/T2 At constant V as pressure
increases the temperature also increases.
Avogadro’s Law V / n = constant When the amount of
gas increases, the volume of the gas also increases.
Ideal Gas Law PV=nRT

Gas Law Problems

A sealed jar whose volume is exactly 1L which contains 1 mole
of air at temperature 20-degree Celcius, assuming that the air
behaves as an ideal gas. So what is the pressure inside the jar in
Pa?

Solution:

By solving with the help of ideal gas equation

PV=nRT

(1) By rearranging the equation we can get,

P=nRT/V

(2) Write down all the values which are known in S.I unit

n= 1

R= 8.314J/K/mol
T= 20degree celcius=(20+273.15)K=293.15K

V=1L=0.001m3

(3) Put all the values in the equation

P= nRT/V

P=(1*8.314*293.15)/0.001

P= 2,437,249

P=2.437*10^6 Pa

The pressure is almost 24atm.

Application Of Gas-law
During summer when the temperature is high and pressure is also
high, a tire is at risk of bursting because it is inflated with air. Or
when you start climbing a mountain you feel some problems
related to inhaling? Why does it happen?

When the physical condition is changing with changing in the

environment the behaviour of gases particle also deviates from
their normal behaviour. These changes in gas behaviour can be
studied by studying various laws known as gas law.

The gas laws have been around for quite some time now, and they
significantly assist scientists in finding amounts, pressure,
volume, and temperature when coming to matters of gas.

Besides, the gas law along with modern forms are used in many
practical applications that concern a gas. For example, respiratory
gas measurement of tidal volume and vital capacity etc are done
at ambient temperature while these exchanges actually take place
in the body at 37-degree Celcius. The law is also used often in
thermodynamics as well as in fluid dynamics. It can be used in
the weather forecast systems.