He defends

the poor
man.
CLAUSE
CLAUSE
a group of words that
includes a subject
and a predicate
TYPES OF
CLAUSES
INDEPENDENT
CLAUSE
Elements:
• Subject
• Predicate
The cat darted up a tree.

S – the cat
P – darted up a tree

The girl laughed loudly.

S – the girl
P – laughed loudly
DEPENDENT
CLAUSE
Elements:
•IW (Introductory
Word)
•Subject
•Predicate
 INTRODUCTORY WORD
RELATIVE RELATIVE
SUBORDINATORS PRONOUN ADVERBS
• when, while , • that, who, • when, where,
before, after, whom, whoever, whether, why,
until since, often what, which how
• where, wherever
• because, as,
since
• as, as if, as
though
What she gives
emphasis is good
manners.

IW – what
S – she
P – gives emphasis
He speaks as if he
is a dramatic actor.

IW – as if
S – he
P – is a dramatic
actor
 NOUN CLAUSE
introduced by relative
pronouns and relative
adverbs
Are you worried about
what they will say?

IW – what
S – they
P – will say
 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
introduced by relative
pronouns who, whom, whose,
which or that or relative
adverbs where , when

All places that we will visit are

historical.
IW – that
S – we
P – will visit
 ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
functions as an adverb

He bakes cakes before he

leaves for work every
Sunday.

IW – before
S – he
P – leaves for work every
Sunday