SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC

SYSTEM
Peter A. Sablay
Senior Science Research Specialist
Solar and Wind Energy Management Division
Renewable Energy Management Bureau
Department of Energy

Department of Energy
 Solar Energy

Solar Energy -refers

to solar radiation
which can be
converted into useful
energy either in the
form of thermal or
electrical energy

Department of Energy
 Global Radiation

Global Radiation is composed of

1. Direct radiation (coming directly from

sun, casting shadows)
2. Diffused radiation (scattered, without
clear direction)
3. Reflected radiation (albedo)

Department of Energy
 SOLAR RADIATION COMPONENT

Solar Irradiance - Instantaneous power of

sunlight on a defined space (kW/m2)

Solar Radiation - Solar energy received

during a specified period of time on a
defined space kWh/m2)

Department of Energy
 Global Radiation (NAIA)
  Global  Hor   Tilt  5°   Tilt  10°   Tilt  15°  
Jan   4.15   4.32   4.47   4.6  
Feb   4.82   4.98   5.11   5.21  
Mar   5.8   5.9   5.96   5.99  
Apr   6.26   6.25   6.2   6.12  
May   5.61   5.53   5.42   5.28  
Jun   5.52   5.41   5.28   5.12  
Jul   4.82   4.75   4.65   4.53  
Aug   4.2   4.18   4.13   4.07  
Sep   4.7   4.72   4.73   4.71  
Oct   4.27   4.35   4.41   4.45  
Nov   4.27   4.43   4.57   4.68  
Dec   4.08   4.29   4.47   4.62  
                   

Min   4.08   4.18   4.13   4.07  

Max   6.26   6.25   6.2   6.12  
Ave   4.88   4.93   4.95   4.95  

Department of Energy
 Solar PV Technology
What is Solar PV Technology?

A device that converts Solar Energy into

Electrical Energy (Electricity)
Department of Energy
 Features of Solar PV System

1. Environment Friendly
2. Quiet, No mechanical moving parts
3. Less Maintenance
4. Decentralized
5. Modular
6. Ability to combine with other systems
(Hybrid)

Department of Energy
 Types of PV System

Off-Grid On-Grid/Grid-Tied
Components 1. PV module 1. PV module
2. Battery 2. Inverter
3. Charge Controller 3. Balance of Systems
4. Inverter (for AC
System)
5. Balance of Systems
Performance Ratio 54% - 64% 70% - 80%
Availability during available Not available
Brownout
Connection with the Not Necessary Necessary
Grid

Department of Energy
 PV Module Structure

1. Aluminum 2. Sealant 3. Glass

Frame 4. Ethylene Vinyl
Acetate (EVA)
5. Solar Cell
6. Back sheet

Department of Energy
 Electrical Characteristics
(IV Curve)
1.0kW/m2,    25ºC,    AM  1.5
7.0

Isc
6.0
6.34 A
Imp
5.0 Pm ( Maximum Power Point) Pm : Maximum power
5.79 A
= Vmp x Imp Imp : Current at Pm
=100.2 W
4.0
Vmp : Voltage at Pm
Isc : Short circuit current
Current (A)

Voc: Open circuit voltage

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0

Voltage (V) Vmp 17.3 V Voc 21.7 V

Department of Energy
 Effect of Irradiance
Module current is proportional to the Irradiance
Range of Battery Voltage
( LVD: 11.5V, Float: 13.8V, Boost: 14.4V) 25ºC
7.0
6.3  A 1.0 kW/m2
6.2  A
100 W
6.0

5.1  A 0.8 kW/m2 5.0  A

5.0 80W

4.0 3.8  A 0.6 kW/m2

3.7  A 59 W
Current (A)

3.0
2.5  A 0.4kW/m2
39 W
2.4  A
2.0
1.3  A 0.2 kW/m2 18 W
1.2  A
1.0

0.0
0.0 5.0 10.0 13.0 15.0 20.0 25.0

Voltage (V)

Department of Energy
 Effect of Temperature
Module voltage decreases as cell temperature increases
Range of Battery Voltage
( LVD: 11.5V, Float: 13.8V, Boost: 14.4V) 1.0kW/m2
7.0
6.49 80 W 85 W 90W 95 W 100 W
6.34
6.0
25ºC

5.0 35ºC

45ºC
4.0
Current (A)

55ºC
3.0
65ºC

2.0

1.0

0.0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
Voltage (V) 18.2 19.1 20.0 20.8 21.7

Department of Energy
 Effect of Shading
-� +�

Bypass diode Bypass diode

Shaded cell

7.0
6.0
5.0
Current (A)

4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0

Voltage (V)

Department of Energy
 Benefits

1. Reduction of energy consumption/electric bill

2. Reduction of dependency in fossil fuel based
electricity
3. Green energy producer
4. Mitigation of Climate Change through the
reduction of Carbon Dioxide emission

Department of Energy
 Thank You!

Department of Energy