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ONG KAI WEN (COPYRIGHTED) ©

Topic 11:
Angles, Triangles & Polygons (4048)
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THE ABOUT

MASTERY

CHAPTER
ANALYSIS EXAM

WEIGHTAGE
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KEY CONCEPT

Geometrical Properties of Angles

Angle Properties of Polygons
Simple Geometrical Constructions
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Geometrical Properties of Angles

Type of Angles
Branch of Mathematics that deals with the properties,
Name Characteristics measurements and relationships of points, lines, angles, surfaces
and solids
Right Angle Angle that is equal to !"°

Acute Angle Angle that is less than !"°

Angles formed by parallel lines
Obtuse Angle Angle that is more than !"° but less than $%"°

Reflex Angle Angle that is between $%"° and &'"°

Complementary Angle ( angles that sum to !"°

Corresponding Angles !=#
Supplementary Angle ( angles that sum to $%"° (on a straight line)

Angles about a point

Alternate Angles !=#

Angles at a point ) + + + , + - = &'"°

Vertically Opposite Angles )=, +=-

Interior Angles ! + # = %&'°
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Angle Properties of Triangles

The sum of ) angles in a triangle is %&'° An isosceles triangle is a triangle An equilateral triangle is a triangle
with + equal sides with ) equal sides
! + # + * = %&'°
∠-./ = ∠-/. ∠-./ = ∠./- = ∠/-. = 0'°
-. = -/ -. = ./ = /-

Useful Theorem (Mid-point Theorem):

It states that the line segment connecting the midpoints of ( sides of a triangle is
!
parallel to the last side and is congruent to " of the third side

In ∆012, if 03 = 32 and 04 = 41, then

Exterior angle of an angle is equal to the sum • 34 must be parallel to 21

of the interior opposite angles
!
• 34 = " 21
!+#=*
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Properties of Quadrilaterals (Part 1)

A square is a quadrilateral where: A rectangle is a quadrilateral where:

- All sides are equal - Opposite sides are equal
- All angles are right-angles - All angles are right-angles
- The diagonals are equal and cut at right-angles - The diagonals are equal

-/ = /. = .1 = 1- -/ = 1. and /. = -1
∠- = ∠/ = ∠. = ∠1 = 2'° ∠- = ∠/ = ∠. = ∠1 = 2'°
3- = 3/ = 3. = 31 3- = 3/ = 3. = 31
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Properties of Quadrilaterals (Part 2)

A rhombus is a quadrilateral where:

A parallelogram is a quadrilateral where: A trapezium is a quadrilateral where: - All sides are equal
- Opposite sides are equal - One pair of parallel sides - Opposite angles are equal
- Opposite angles are equal - + obtuse angles and + acute angles - The diagonals are equal, cut at right-
angles and bisect its interior angles

-/ = .1 and -1 = /.
∠- = ∠. and ∠4 = ∠1 -/ = /. = .1 = 1-
∠- = ∠. and ∠4 = ∠1
3- = 3/ = 3. = 31
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Convex Polygons
Names of A-sided Polygons where, G ≤ A ≤ %' A 5 -sided polygon such that no side extended cuts any other
side/vertex
Name Number of sides (A)
Pentagon G
Hexagon 0
Heptagon I
Octagon &
Nonagon 2
Decagon %' The value of each interior angle can be found using

(A − +)×%&'°
Take note: 6789:;<: =7>?9 =
A
"
Exterior angle The value of each exterior angle can be found
!
)0'°
EF89:;<: =7>?9 =
The exterior angle of a convex polygon is ! and NOT A
" where " is the reflex of the interior angle

#$%&'()' *+,-& + /+%&'()' *+,-& = 123°

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Simple Geometrical construction

Angle Bisector Perpendicular Bisector

A line/ray that divides an angle exactly into ( congruent angles A line that is perpendicular to a segment and divides it into 2 congruent segments

Steps: To construct the perpendicular bisector 78

Steps: To construct the angle bisector of ∠"#$
1. Set the compass to a radius which is more than half the length of 78
1. Use a compass and taking # as the centre, mark an arc to
mark "# at % and an arc to mark #$ at & 2. With 7 as its centre, mark arcs above and below 78

2. Using the same radius, but now with % and & as centres, 3. Repeat Step ( with 9 as the centre
draw ' arcs that intersect at (
4. Draw a straight line to join 0 and 1 (where the ( arcs intersect)
3. Draw a straight line to join # and (
The line 01 cuts 78 in half. Let the intersection point of 01 and 78 be :
The line #( cuts ∠"#$ in half so
∴ KL = LM
∴ ∠"#( = ∠$#(
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