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HOMOLOGOUS SERIES
Organic comounds are classified into 'families' of compounds
known as homologous series.
Exercise:
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Exercise:
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C3H8
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Or
- NH2 (amino)
Example:
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d)
c)
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__________________
_________________
_________________
c
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STRUCTURAL ISOMERS
Structural isomers are compounds that have the same molecular
formula but a different structural formula. Each isomer is a
distinct compound, having unique physical and chemical
properties.
Example: C4H10
n-butane
2-methylpropane
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
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hex-2-ene
2-methyl-hex-3-ene
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hex-2-ene
Example:
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___________ ___________
___________
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ethanol chloroethane
o
primary alcohol / 1 alcohol primary halogenoalkane
propan-2-ol 2-chloroethane
2-methylpropan-2-ol
2-chloro-2-methylpropane
o
tertiary alcohol / 3 alcohol
tertiary halogenoalkane
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Ex.
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ether
Functional group =
suffix in IUPAC name =
The smaller, shorter alkyl group becomes the alkoxy substituent.
The larger, longer alkyl group side becomes the alkane base
name.
Ex.
CH3CH2OCH2CH3 ethoxyethane
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aldehyde :
Functional group =
ethanal
propanal
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ketone :
Functional group =
Ex.
propanone
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carboxylic acid:
Functional group =
ester:
Functional group =
Ex.
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amide
Functional group =
Ex.
propanamide
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amine
Functional group =
Ex.
ethanamine
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nitrile
Functional group =
Ex.
propanenitrile
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arene
Functional group = phenyl
Ex.
methylbenzene
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propanal propanone
methylethanoate
propanoic acid
ethanol methoxymethane
Alcohols and ethers are functional group isomers.
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Exercises
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PROPERTIES OF BENZENE
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Exercises
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Combustion Reactions
Example
Example
Example
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Example
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Example
The reaction between hexane, C6H14, and bromine water in the
presence of uv light.
The change in colour from brown
to colourless of bromine water
when it reacts with an alkane
occurs only in the presence of uv
light. This reaction is used to
distinguish between alkanes and
alkenes.
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